A comprehensive look at the psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology of spinal cord injury and its progression: mechanisms and clinical opportunities

Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a devastating and disabling medical condition generally caused by a traumatic event(primary injury).This initial trauma is accompanied by a set of biological mechanisms directed to ameliorate neural damage but also exacerbate initial damage(secondary injury).The alterations that occur in the spinal cord have not only local but also systemic consequences and virtually all organs and tissues of the body incur important changes after SCI,explaining the progression and detrimental consequences related to this condition.Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology(PNIE)is a growing area of research aiming to integrate and explore the interactions among the different systems that compose the human organism,considering the mind and the body as a whole.The initial traumatic event and the consequent neurological disruption trigger immune,endocrine,and multisystem dysfunction,which in turn affect the patient's psyche and well-being.In the present review,we will explore the most important local and systemic consequences of SCI from a PNIE perspective,defining the changes occurring in each system and how all these mechanisms are interconnected.Finally,potential clinical approaches derived from this knowledge will also be collectively presented with the aim to develop integrative therapies to maximize the clinical management of these patients.

Realm of hepatitis E:Challenges and opportunities

Hepatitis E virus(HEV),responsible for widespread viral hepatitis,infects approximately 2.3 billion individuals globally,with a significant mortality burden in Asia.The virus,primarily transmitted through contaminated water and undercooked meat,is often underdiagnosed,particularly in immunocompromised patients.Current HEV treatments,while effective,are limited by adverse effects,necessitating research into safer alternatives.Moreover,HEV’s extrahepatic manifestations,impacting the nervous and renal systems,remain poorly understood.This study underscores the imperative for enhanced HEV research,improved diagnostic methods,and more effective treatments,coupled with increased public health awareness and preventive strategies.

Developing Healthcare Infrastructure in Saudi Arabia Using Smart Technologies: Challenges and Opportunities

This study aims to explore the challenges and opportunities associated with developing healthcare infrastructure in Saudi Arabia through the implementation of smart technologies. The healthcare sector in Saudi Arabia is undergoing significant transformation, and the integration of smart technologies has the potential to revolutionize healthcare delivery, improve patient outcomes, and enhance the overall healthcare experience. However, several challenges need to be addressed in order to fully leverage the benefits of smart technologies in healthcare infrastructure development. This research identifies and analyzes these challenges while also highlighting the opportunities that arise from the adoption of smart technologies in the Saudi Arabian healthcare system. The findings contribute to the understanding of the current state of healthcare infrastructure in Saudi Arabia and provide insights into the strategies and policies required to overcome challenges and maximize the benefits of smart technologies in healthcare.

Opportunities, Challenges, and Countermeasures of China Myanmar Economic and Trade Cooperation under the Background of RCEP

China and Myanmar are geographically adjacent and have close economic and trade cooperation. China has been Myanmar’s largest trading partner and largest source of investment for many consecutive years. With the official entry into force of RCEP (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership) for Myanmar on May 1, 2022, the reduction of trade tariffs on goods and flexible rules of origin between China and Myanmar will undoubtedly bring more practical results to China Myanmar economic and trade cooperation. However, the implementation of RCEP in Myanmar may face a series of challenges such as poor business environment, weak human resource management, and outdated infrastructure construction. Finally, the article provides countermeasures for China Myanmar economic and trade cooperation from three aspects: optimizing the business environment to attract Chinese investment, increasing investment in education and training to improve labor quality, strengthening infrastructure construction to enhance economic support.

The Opportunities,Dilemmas,and Paths for the Development of Adult Higher Education in the New Era

This paper comprehensively analyzes the development opportunities and realistic dilemmas faced by adult higher education in China in the new era,and puts forward corresponding strategies as solutions.With the construction of a learning society,the development of digital technology,and the popularization of the concept of lifelong learning,adult higher education has unprecedented development opportunities.At the same time,these forms of education are facing a series of dilemmas due to challenges such as unsound guarantee mechanisms and traditional enrollment competition.Through the establishment of perfect legal and policy guarantees,transformation of school running mode,meeting the diversified needs of learners,and other multi-faceted measures,the development of adult higher education can be effectively promoted to meet the needs of individual and social development.

Research on the Impact and Opportunities of the Digital Economy Promoting the Development of Real Economy

The digital economy has infused vitality into the transformation and development of the real economy,urging enterprises to break through core technological barriers,address bottleneck issues,and improve their core competitiveness.It fosters the comprehensive digital transformation of agriculture,manufacturing,and service sectors,improving the dynamism of the real economy and fostering more consumption hotspots.Efforts are underway to enhance industrial supply chains and innovation chains,optimize regional resource allocation,and promote a virtuous cycle within the real economy.Initiatives are being undertaken to standardize the development of digital economic platforms,promote the high-quality development of regional economies,and leverage the advantages of the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics.

Challenges and Opportunities for the Development of Ideological and Political Education in Colleges and Universities in the New Media Era

The rapid advancement of new media technology has had a great impact on people’s lifestyles,and brought opportunities and challenges to the development of ideological and political education in colleges and universities.Ideological and political education in colleges and universities is faced with the challenge of how to grasp the opportunity,ride on the express train of science and technology,and implement the concepts of“all-round education”and“five ideologies and politics.”

Opportunities and Challenges of College Mental Health Education from the Perspective of Big Data

This paper explores the opportunities and challenges of college mental health education from the perspective of big data.Firstly,through literature review,the importance of mental health education and the current issues are elucidated.Then,from the perspective of big data,the potential opportunities of big data in college mental health education are analyzed,including data-driven personalized education,real-time monitoring and warning systems,and interdisciplinary research and collaboration.At the same time,the challenges faced by college mental health education under the perspective of big data are also pointed out,such as data privacy and security issues,insufficient data analysis and interpretation capabilities,and inadequate technical facilities and talent support.Lastly,the research content of this paper is summarized,and directions and suggestions for future research are proposed.

略论游憩机会谱(Recreation Opportunity Spectrum,ROS)框架体系

游憩机会谱为规划和管理游憩资源提供了框架。它被证明是一种有效的游憩机会清单分类方法,能够帮助确认管理决策的后果以及作为一种手段向公众通告有关游憩资源环境的信息及其预期的体验。对ROS的概念进行了阐述,并介绍了确定谱系分级因子的标准以及主要的应用目的。最后对游憩机会谱在中国的应用前景提出了两点展望。

数字化转型背景下中小制造企业如何编排资源利用数字机会——基于资源编排理论的fsQCA研究

利用数字机会是中小制造企业实现数字化转型的关键。资源编排理论指出,利用数字机会离不开企业资源和能力的支持,尤其要将各种资源和能力有效组合起来。但大量中小制造企业难以有效编排自身资源和能力来利用数字机会。为此,本文关注中小制造企业的五种传统资源和能力(实物资源、关系资源、制造能力、营销能力和创新能力)及两种数字资源和能力(大数据资源和数字平台能力),运用模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)方法对392份问卷数据进行分析,研究发现:五种传统资源和能力及两种数字资源和能力都不能单独作为中小制造企业数字机会利用的必要条件,但数字平台能力作为核心条件能发挥较为普适的作用。同时,中小制造企业的数字机会利用存在三种路径,可归纳为“内向型”“外向型”和“内外兼顾型”,通过进一步聚焦高技术制造业,发现其数字机会利用存在两种路径:“渐进型”和“突破型”。本文有助于发现如何在数字化背景下编排企业资源和能力,拓展了资源编排理论的研究情境(数字化背景)和研究范围(数字资源和能力),回应了识别“数据时代的资源编排规律”的呼吁。

考虑机会充电与行程时间可靠性的区域多车型电动公交调度优化

为提高电动公交系统运营效率,降低运营成本,本文提出一种考虑机会充电和行程时间可靠性的电动公交调度优化方法。首先,基于区域调度场景,提出在线路始末站配备快速充电桩,利用车次接续时间进行机会充电的策略;然后,考虑行程时间的随机波动,以表征特定可靠性的预留行程时间作为模型输入生成调度方案,同时,将发车延误成本纳入目标函数中,综合考虑公交企业从规划到运营阶段的整体效益,构建以总成本最小为目标的区域多车型电动公交调度优化模型,针对模型特点,设计自适应大邻域搜索算法进行求解;最后,以北京市大兴区4条公交线路为例,验证模型和算法的有效性。结果表明:基于本文方法得到的最优调度方案相较于传统单线路单车型调度方案,能使企业日均总成本下降37.93%,平均每辆车的发车延误时长减少5.63 min,说明本文所提方法能有效降低企业成本,提升公交系统可靠性。相较于不考虑机会充电和行程时间可靠性的区域多车型运营模式,本文最优方案能使总成本下降28.67%。此外,通过灵敏度分析,建议公交企业以240 kW的充电功率进行快速充电资源的配置,以90%的行程时间可靠性进行电动公交调度方案的编制。

环境扫描、机会窗口与后发企业颠覆性创新模式选择——基于吉利和比亚迪的案例研究

[研究目的]快速变化的技术环境和丰富多样的市场需求,为后发企业提供了实施颠覆性赶超的机会,如何辨识和把握外部环境机会窗口并能否契合组织内部动态能力转化为创新决策和行动是企业成败的关键。[研究方法]该文通过对浙江吉利控股集团有限公司和深圳比亚迪股份有限公司的双案例对比分析,探讨环境扫描对企业识别外部环境多重机会窗口的意义及企业内部环境与机会窗口的适配性对于企业进行颠覆性创新模式选择的重要性。[研究结论]研究发现:面对不确定性激增的商业世界,战略决策前的环境扫描可以帮助后发企业有效识别技术机会窗口、需求机会窗口及制度机会窗口,而企业内部环境的充分考量有利于后发企业将自身优势最大化,从而成功实现颠覆性创新。

机构投资者退出威胁能有效抑制高管机会主义减持吗?

本文以2007—2020年中国A股上市公司为研究样本,考察机构投资者退出威胁对高管机会主义减持行为的影响及作用机制。研究发现,机构投资者退出威胁能够有效抑制高管机会主义减持行为,具有显著的治理效应。机构投资者退出威胁有效降低了股价波动和股票错误定价,从而显著抑制了高管机会主义减持。环境不确定性和管理层自利性越强,则机构投资者退出威胁对高管机会主义减持的抑制效应越弱。进一步分析发现,上市公司机构投资者为交易型、发生股权质押以及产权性质为非国有企业时,机构投资者退出威胁对高管机会主义减持的影响更强;而且机构投资者退出威胁治理效应产生了积极的后果,显著抑制了高管减持寻租,提升了企业价值,降低了高管减持时的择机性。

用户偏好-制造商偏好双重视阈下的产品创新机会识别路径研究

精准识别产品创新机会对制造商规避盲目创新风险,持续获取竞争优势至关重要。针对现有产品创新机会识别研究中因视角单一致使制造商价值创造的效率难以最大化,以及识别的创新机会聚焦度不清晰等诸多问题,基于用户偏好制造商偏好双重视阈构建了产品创新机会识别路径。首先,运用结构主题模型从用户在线评论和产品描述文本中分别提取用户偏好及制造商偏好的产品属性主题;其次,基于两类主题之间的相似度进行主题分类以获取具象产品的创新需求;再次,从现有相关专利中提取创新要素并依托多维技术创新地图识别产品创新机会;最后,以老年智能手环靶向开展产品创新机会识别为例,验证了所提路径的可行性。应用结果表明,构建的用户偏好制造商偏好双重视阈下的产品创新机会识别路径能够为制造商高效开展产品创新活动提供可资借鉴的决策理论支持。

泉州地区艾滋病患者机会性感染现状及预后Nomogram预测模型的构建

目的通过对泉州地区艾滋病(AIDS)患者机会性感染现状、临床特点及其预后的影响因素分析,为AIDS机会性感染的科学预防和治疗提供一定依据。方法选取2017年1月—2022年1月于福建医科大学附属泉州第一医院确诊并接受住院治疗的172例AIDS合并机会性感染患者作为研究对象,收集患者一般资料和机会性感染情况,采用多变量Cox回归分析确定影响AIDS合并机会性感染患者预后的独立预测因子,将独立预测因素引入R软件,根据各因素回归系数绘制预后Nomogram模型。采用一致性指数(C-index)对该模型的区分度进行标定,利用校准图阐明Nomogram预测的预后与实际预后之间的关系,并采用决策曲线(DCA)对Nomogram模型的临床效用进行验证。结果172例AIDS合并机会性感染患者中,机会性感染共有8种,其中细菌性肺炎占比最高,达54.65%,其次为口腔白斑,占51.74%,肺孢子菌肺炎占43.60%,带状疱疹占28.49%,肺结核占21.51%,感染性腹泻占19.77%,中枢神经系统感染占12.79%,巨细胞病毒感染最低,仅占10.47%。男性明显多于女性,18~39岁人群居多。年龄、感染种数、基因型耐药、CD4+T淋巴细胞水平是AIDS合并机会性感染患者预后的影响因素。校准曲线及DCA显示Nomogram预测模型具有较好的预测能力和临床有效性,且精准区分度较好。结论年龄、感染种数、基因型耐药、CD4+T淋巴细胞水平等因素是影响AIDS合并机会性感染患者预后的主要因子,而构建Nomogram预测模型能发挥较好的临床预测能力和有效性,为临床早识别、早防控提供科学依据。

董事高管责任保险与企业社会责任:监督激励抑或机会主义

基于沪深A股上市公司2006—2020年的数据,考察董事高管责任保险对企业社会责任承担的影响效果及其作用机制。研究发现,引入董责险能够显著提升企业履行社会责任的意愿和水平;董责险引入的时间越长,企业履行社会责任的意愿和水平越高;投保董责险的责任限额越高,企业履行社会责任的意愿和水平也越高;上述结论在一系列稳健性检验和内生性处理之后依然成立。机制分析发现,董责险通过吸引具有海外经历背景的优秀人才加盟董事会而促进了企业社会责任承担。鉴于董责险已经成为当前资本市场的重要市场化治理工具,建议监管机构积极推广董责险,以此完善公司治理,督促上市公司积极履行社会责任.

山地城市江滩型非正式绿地游憩机会谱构建——以重庆两江四岸为例

【目的】江滩是山地城市中具有重要游憩价值的特殊的非正式绿地类型,当前存在游憩需求与游憩环境不适配、游憩体验下降的问题。为了探寻合理的江滩空间利用途径,需要从游憩机会的角度对江滩非正式绿地进行识别和分类优化。【方法】明确山地城市江滩型非正式绿地定义与特征,选取重庆两江四岸范围内20个江滩空间单元,通过现场调研、问卷调查与因子分析建立游憩机会指标体系并构建游憩机会谱。【结果】识别出自然体验型、日常生活型、人文特色型和城市观光型4种江滩游憩环境类型及对应特征,构建重庆两江四岸江滩型非正式绿地游憩机会谱,从整体与分类2个维度提出江滩游憩环境品质提升策略。【结论】山地城市江滩型非正式绿地游憩机会谱的构建与应用,可进一步指导各类型江滩及其周边环境的规划、建设与管理,对山地城市蓝绿空间开放共享具有重要意义。

机会平等的公平性与目标指向:基于罗尔斯和斯坎伦的比较分析

那种依赖制度的实质机会平等,在增进社会正义的过程中要求机会平等的产生条件和结果指向的公平性。该目标的实现可以因政府看待程序公平和实质机会的关系之差异而产生不同的正当性结果。罗尔斯提出程序公平应当是五种价值共同作用的产物,目标之一是构建纯粹程序正义的标准,实质机会应当排除自然和社会的偶然因素的影响,以补偿性和预防性措施保障平等的公民权。斯坎伦提出程序公平在于没有人能够合理抱怨择优录用的个体是通过不平等的能力获得自己的职位,实质机会在于制度通过供应好的条件使优势职位向具有同等能力的个体开放。分析表明,斯坎伦解释的合理性在于从起始平等到结果正义的道德动机上,在程序公平和实质机会以并列关系促成更大的合理边界内,以及个体在民主价值的认知倾向上的一致性。

何抑志,何以扶志?论数字化背景下机会不平等对个体志向的影响

从外在社会环境层面挖掘影响志向形成或变化的潜在因素,可为“扶志”政策的制定与优化提供多视角的设计思路,以有效激发低收入群体的内生发展动力。基于数字化背景,利用2014—2018年三期的中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)数据,从“志向水平”和“志向差距”双重维度实证检验机会不平等对个体志向的影响。结果表明:机会不平等抑制了个体志向的提振,即机会不平等程度越高的地区,个体志向越低,且这种负向影响在不同居住地区、年龄段和受教育程度的群体中表现出一定的异质性;数字化水平的提升在一定程度上缓解了机会不平等对个体志向的消极作用,即数字技术发展的总体效应是积极的。因此,为有效激励个体志向提振乃至长期维持,相关部门可着力消除劣势环境因素对机会平等的阻碍,同时也可借助数字化发展的优势弱化机会不平等的不利影响。

基于多源数据和改进链路预测的新能源汽车技术机会研究

[研究目的]在绿色低碳发展的背景下,旨在识别新能源汽车领域的技术机会,为未来新能源汽车的技术研发与商业化方向提供借鉴参考,助力新能源汽车的发展。[研究方法]搜集反映新能源汽车领域基础研究、应用研究和商业化的多源数据,采用三螺旋模型,将基于改进链路预测方法得到的预测结果“节点链”进行融合对比分析,得到最终细化的新能源汽车技术机会。[研究结论]验证了基于多源数据融合思想和改进链路预测的方法识别新能源汽车技术机会的可行性。研究结果表明:新能源汽车未来技术机会主要集中在动态无线充电技术、磁悬浮技术与自动驾驶技术的结合;通过碳化硅材料等改进的驱动技术;通过光催化等改进的电池技术;制氢与车载储氢等。