Optimization of Enzymatic Extraction Process of Polysaccharides from Pseudostellaria heterophylla Fibrous Roots by Response Surface Methodology and Its Pilot Application

[Objectives]To study and optimize the process conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis technology for extracting polysaccharides from Pseudostellaria heterophylla fibrous roots and its application in workshop pilot tests.[Methods]P.heterophylla fibrous roots were taken as the matrix material,and Box Behnken design was used to analyze the extraction time,composite enzyme addition amount,and liquid-solid ratio for response surface optimization experiments,and then applied to the pilot extraction of P.heterophylla fibrous roots.[Results]Response surface analysis showed that all factors had a significant impact on the experimental indicators.The optimal extraction process conditions for polysaccharides from P.heterophylla fibrous roots were extraction time of 2.7 h,compound enzyme addition of 2.5%,and liquid-solid ratio of 32.The yield of polysaccharides from P.heterophylla fibrous roots was 4.83%.The water extraction process of P.heterophylla fibrous roots extraction pilot was used as the control group for response surface optimization of the pilot experiment.The optimization results showed that the extraction time was 3 h,the amount of composite enzyme added was 2.5%,and the liquid-solid ratio was 28.The polysaccharide yield was 4.75%,an increase of 4.63%compared to the control group.[Conclusions]This paper could provide feasibility for the innovation of enzy-matic hydrolysis technology for P.heterophylla fibrous roots and its workshop pilot practice application,as well as a reference for the industrial application of its medicinal resources.

微生物培养基优化方法及其OPTI优化软件

通过对多种多因素发酵培养基优化方法的分析比较和运用,选择了Packett-Burman法、限制性随机平衡法、响应面优化设计法、均匀设计法和改良单纯形优化法作为微生物培养基优化程序OPTI软件的设计对象.本文结合所采用的5种优化方法的使用原理介绍了OPTI软件的使用功能,其中前两种方法主要用于从众多的因素中确定出重要因素,而后三种方法用于确定重要因素的最佳水平.同时对这些优化方法的联用以及实验中的注意事项进行了说明.

基于Optisystem紫外光通信系统性能研究

建立了紫外光非视距通信模型,基于眼图原理,对紫外光非视距通信的通信距离和系统稳定性进行了深入研究,分析了散粒噪声和热噪声对通信性能的影响,并利用Opt i syst em进行实验。结果显示,一般环境下紫外光非视距通信距离可达到0.3km,热噪声对通信性能的影响比较大,并且得出一定环境下紫外光通信系统可接受的热噪声最大值为1×10-20W/Hz。

光学与机械设计的完美统一——访法国OPTIS公司的亚太区技术经理YannickPascal先生

目前,SolidWorks公司拥有很多黄金合作伙伴,这些黄金合作伙伴完全整合于SolidWorks之中,用以满足各行各业的业务需求,由法国OPTIS公司研发,用于光学和照明系统设计的OptisWorks软件就是其中的一员。OptisWorks为许多工业产品的设计和制造提供了解决方案,是献给工业界产品设计者的一份“特殊礼物”。此次,OPTIS公司的亚太区技术经理销售副总裁YannickPascal先生为拓展市场来到中国,在华期间,他接受了本刊记者的采访。

Robot stereo vision calibration method with genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization

Accurate stereo vision calibration is a preliminary step towards high-precision visual posi- tioning of robot. Combining with the characteristics of genetic algorithm （GA） and particle swarm optimization （PSO）, a three-stage calibration method based on hybrid intelligent optimization is pro- posed for nonlinear camera models in this paper. The motivation is to improve the accuracy of the calibration process. In this approach, the stereo vision calibration is considered as an optimization problem that can be solved by the GA and PSO. The initial linear values can be obtained in the frost stage. Then in the second stage, two cameras＇ parameters are optimized separately. Finally, the in- tegrated optimized calibration of two models is obtained in the third stage. Direct linear transforma- tion （DLT）, GA and PSO are individually used in three stages. It is shown that the results of every stage can correctly find near-optimal solution and it can be used to initialize the next stage. Simula- tion analysis and actual experimental results indicate that this calibration method works more accu- rate and robust in noisy environment compared with traditional calibration methods. The proposed method can fulfill the requirements of robot sophisticated visual operation.

AVL OPTI-CCA血气分析仪故障检修探讨

现代血气分析仪在临床ICU、CCU中的广泛应用,给临床治疗观察带来了方便。如何才能使该仪器在使用中尽可能地减少故障?介绍AVLOPTI-CCA血气分析仪在使用中出现的若干故障及其排除的方法,并总结出其维护的一些经验以供同行参考。

Differential Evolution Immunized Ant Colony Optimization Technique in Solving Economic Load Dispatch Problem

Since the introduction of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) technique in 1992, the algorithm starts to gain popularity due to its attractive features. However, several shortcomings such as slow convergence and stagnation motivate many researchers to stop further implementation of ACO. Therefore, in order to overcome these drawbacks, ACO is proposed to be combined with Differential Evolution (DE) and cloning process. This paper presents Differential Evolution Immunized Ant Colony Optimization (DEIANT) technique in solving economic load dispatch problem. The combination creates a new algorithm that will be termed as Differential Evolution Immunized Ant Colony Optimization (DEIANT). DEIANT was utilized to optimize economic load dispatch problem. A comparison was made between DEIANT and classical ACO to evaluate the performance of the new algorithm. In realizing the effectiveness of the proposed technique, IEEE 57-Bus Reliable Test System (RTS) has been used as the test specimen. Results obtained from the study revealed that the proposed DEIANT has superior computation time.

Optimization of flotation variables for the recovery of hematite particles from BHQ ore

The technology for beneficiation of banded iron ores containing low iron value is a challenging task due to increasing demand of quality iron ore in India. A flotation process has been developed to treat one such ore, namely banded hematite quartzite （BHQ） containing 41.8wt% Fe and 41.5wt% SiO2,by using oleic acid, methyl isobutyl carbinol （MIBC）, and sodium silicate as the collector, frother, and dispersant, respectively. The relative effects of these variables have been evaluated in half-normal plots and Pareto charts using central composite rotatable design. A quadratic response model has been developed for both Fe grade and recovery and optimized within the experimental range. The optimum reagent dosages are found to be as follows： collector concentration of 243.58 g/t, dispersant concentration of 195.67 g/t, pH 8.69, and conditioning time of 4.8 min to achieve the maximum Fe grade of 64.25% with 67.33% recovery. The predictions of the model with regard to iron grade and recovery are in good agreement with the experimental results.

Multi-objective Optimization Design of Wing Structure with the Model Management Framework

Evolutionary algorithm is time-consuming because of the large number of evolutions and much times of finite element analysis, when it is used to optimize the wing structure of a certain high altitude long endurance unmanned aviation vehicle（UAV）. In order to improve efficiency it is proposed to construct a model management framework to perform the multi-objective optimization design of wing structure. The sufficient accurate approximation models of objective and constraint functions in the wing structure optimization model are built when using the model management framework, therefore in the evolutionary algorithm a number of finite element analyses can he avoided and the satisfactory multi-objective optimization results of the wing structure of the high altitude long endurance UAV are obtained.

Optimal Policies for Managing Invasive Species under Uncertainty

We present an optimal control model of three stages of resources allocation for managing invasive species. Three types of temporal uncertainty are considered, involving the timing of discovery of an invasive pest, the timing of an induced technology development after the establishment and dispersion of an invasive species, and the timing of farmer adoption of induced technology as the costs of controlling the invasive species increase. Using a bioeconomic optimal control model of managing invasive species, where models in previous studies are subset within our model, we show that when sub-structured models not including all three stages are used for managing invasive species, resource allocation for adopting preventive measures before the initial discovery of an invasive pest would be supra-optimalwhile resource allocation for adopting conventional control measures after establishment and dispersion would be sub-optimal.

Optimizing Sampling, Sample Processing and Analysis Methods for Radon (<SUP>222</SUP>Rn) in Water by Liquid Scintillation Counting

Throughout the United States, laboratories use different sampling methods (“Direct Fill” vs. “Submerged Bottle” methods), sample preparations (“Simultaneous Drawing” vs. “Separate Drawing”), scintillators (“Mineral Oil” vs. “Opti-Fluor”), volume of water plus scintillator in the cocktail (“8 mL plus 8 mL” vs. “10 mL plus 10 mL”), and liquid scintillation counting assays (“Full Spectrum: 0 - 2000 keV” vs. “Region of Interest: 130 - 700 keV”) for analyzing radon (222Rn) in water. We compared these and few other variables on the recovery of radon from two “Proficiency Test (PT)” samples and four “Household Well Water” samples from Georgia. The “130 - 700 keV” assay had significantly higher radon recovery than the “0 - 2000 keV” assay. The “Direct Fill” sampling produced significantly lower radon recovery than the “Submerged Bottle” sampling. “Simultaneous Drawing” of both scintillator and water sample yielded higher radon recovery than “Separate Drawing”. Air bubble in the samples resulted in significant loss of radon gas;and such loss became greater as the air bubble was larger. A “10 mL scintillator + 10 sample” combination appeared better than “8 mL scintillator + 8 mL sample”. Mixing scintillator and sample in the laboratory, when compared with doing it on-site, was found superior for better results and practicality of testing radon in private well waters. “Mineral Oil” scintillator provided higher radon activity than “Opti-Fluor”. However, in 10 consecutive measurements of the two proficiency test (PT) samples at 60 days interval (i.e., with full ingrowing), “Mineral Oil” overestimated the radon activity compared to the predicted/assigned value in most cases, whereas “Opti-Fluor” invariably produced results close to the predicted/assigned value. There were noticeable temporal variations in both radon and uranium concentrations in the study wells;nevertheless, uranium and radon concentrations had good positive correlation. Despite this, the use of uranium concentration over 30 ppb (the MCL of uranium in drinking water) as a trigger for recommending test for radon in well water remains questionable because there may be the safe level of uranium but unsafe level of radon in a well and vice versa.

A Dual-Parameter Fusion Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor System for Oil and Gas Pipeline Monitoring

For oil and gas pipeline monitoring applications, this paper proposed a dual-parameter fusion distributed fiber optic sensor system that enables distributed temperature and distributed vibration measurements in a single fiber. Through the fiber-scattering spectrum time domain detection combined with coded pulse sequence and Raman scattering spectrum is obtained, which realizes high-resolution temperature measurement and wide-band vibrational wave measurement. The experimental results show that, on 10 km optical fiber measurement, temperature resolution up to 0.1?C and vibration response frequency range 20 Hz - 5 kHz. This sensing system achieves temperature and vibration dual-parameter measurements with fiber optics, greatly simplifying the system and facilitating installation and it can be widely used in oil and gas pipeline monitoring.

ABT Opti-FlowTM燃烧器在640 MW超临界锅炉中的应用

围绕某发电公司640 MW机组对冲锅炉低氮燃烧器改造前存在的问题,采用ABT Opti-Flow TM低NOx燃烧器后,经优化调整,保证了机组负荷为600 MW时锅炉省煤器出口NOx排放质量浓度能降到270 mg/m3以下。同时,燃烧器普遍存在的喷口易烧损、易结渣问题得到了有效改善,高温腐蚀得到了有效化解,为国内燃煤锅炉低NOx燃烧器改造可提供借鉴。

Brueckner 新型针织物柔软预缩机 OPTI-COMPACT

多年来,预缩一直是平幅和筒状针织物后整理工艺中的一道常用工序,它能进一步降低潜在剩余缩水率,使织物的手感更加柔软,质感更加丰满.

极高地应力软岩隧道非对称变形机理及支护优化研究

针对极大断面公路隧道施工中出现的非对称大变形问题,考虑高地应力第一主应力与隧道轴线关系、层状软岩夹层与互层状态、掌子面软岩空间不对称、地下水等因素,基于对工程地质条件、围岩与支护结构失效及破坏特征的分析,结合岩样物理力学特性室内试验研究及地应力实测情况,探究了非对称大变形形成机理并提出针对性的支护结果优化方案。结果表明:高地应力层状软岩隧道围岩不对称变形是在岩层倾角α、最大水平主应力与隧道轴线夹角β和岩层夹角γ、围岩岩性和地下水综合作用下的大变形,围岩不对称部位由以上几种因素共同决定;当主应力σ1与隧道轴线既不垂直也不平行时,会产生挤压性偏压构造水平地应力,使隧道横断面侧向受力不对称,发生偏压性非对称大变形;通过改变锚杆的布设方式、提高超前注浆小导管的长度和刚度、喷射临时封闭、在防水板与喷射砼间增加高密度橡塑海绵板缓冲层等措施,可以有效的减少变形量,防止围岩因开挖扰动而松动和坍塌。

疟疾Dia Med Opti MAL-IT快速检测技术的临床应用

目的:探讨疟疾Dia Med Opti MAL-IT快速检测技术在临床运用的效果。方法:用疟疾Dia MedOpti MAL-IT快速检测法与疟原虫染色镜检法对144例疑似病例进行检测比较。结果:镜检法阴性92例,间日疟45例,恶性疟7例,Dia Med Opti MAL-IT快速法检测阴性94例,间日疟43例,恶性疟7例,二种检测方法差异无统计学意义(T=2,P=0.368)。结论:Opti MAL-IT快速检测法与镜检法无差别,且具有简便、快速的优点,适合对疟疾疑似病例开展临床检测。