Simulation of distributed optical fiber disturbance detection system based on Sagnac/Mach-Zehnder interferometer and cross-correlation location

A distributed optical fiber disturbance detection system consisted of a Sagnac interferometer and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is demonstrated. Two interferometers outputs are connected to an electric band-pass filter via a detector respectively. The central frequencies of the two filters are selected adaptively according to the disturbance frequency. The disturbance frequency is obtained by either frequency spectrum of the two interferometers outputs. An alarm is given out only when the Sagnac interferometer output is changed. A disturbance position is determined by calculating a time difference with a cross-correlation method between the filter output connected to the Sagnac interferometer and derivative of the filter output connected to the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The frequency spectrum, derivative and cross-correlation are obtained by a signal processing system. Theory analysis and simulation results are presented. They show that the system structure and location method are effective, accurate, and immune to environmental variations.

Phase-Sensitive Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer Based on a 120°-Phase-Difference Michelson Interferometer

A phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer （φ-OTDR） based on a 120°-phase-difference Michelson in- terferometer is proposed. The Michelson interferometer with arm difference of 4m is used to test the phase difference between the Rayleigh scattering from two sections of the fiber. A new demodulation method called the inverse transmission matrix demodulation scheme is utilized to demodulate the distributed phase from the backward scattering along the long fiber, The experimental results show that the 120°-phase-difference inter- ferometer φ-OTDR can detect the phase along the 3km fiber, and the acoustic signal within the whole human hearing range of 20 Hz-20 kHz is reproduced accurately and quickly.

Measuring Optical Length and Analyzing Accuracy Error Based on All-Fiber Optic Interferometer

An optical length measuring system base on all-fiber optic interferometer is proposed. The theoretical analysis indicates that, when the two branches of the interferometer are equal, the output have the maximum coherent intensity. Therefore, the optical length can be obtained by measuring the distance of collimator movement. Through the experiment and simulation, the impact of the signal-to-noise ratio and fluctuation of the coupling efficiency on null error has been obtained.

HYBRID OPTICAL BISTABILITY IN FABRY-PEROT INTERFEROMETER CONTAINING PLASMA

A hybrid optical bistable system of a plasma in a Fabry-Perot interferometer driven by a single-mode cw laser is proposed.The general expressions of the mirvimum change of the electron density for optical bistabili.ty and the changes of electron density at the"on"and"off"points of the optical bistabiIity are obtained theoretically,The necessary data for the design of the optical bistability in infrared to mm-Dave region are given.

Interference properties of a trapped atom interferometer in two asymmetric optical dipole traps

We investigate interference properties of a trapped atom interferometer where two symmetric optical dipole traps(ODTs)act as the atomic wave-packets splitter and combiner with internal state labelling.After the preparation of initial superposition states,the atomic wave-packet is adiabatically split and moves into two spatially separate asymmetric ODTs.The atomic wave-packets in two ODTs are then adiabatically recombined after a duration of free evolving in traps,completing the interference cycle of this atom interferometer.We show that the interferogram exhibits a series of periodic revivals in interference visibility.Furthermore,the revival period decreases as the asymmetry of two dipole potentials increases.By introducing an echo sequence to the interferometer,we show that while the echo effect is not influenced by the asymmetry of the two ODTs,the onset of periodic revivals changes by the echo sequence.Our study provides an effective method to cancel or compensate the phase shift caused by position and time correlated force.

Ultra compact and high resolution spectrometer based on optical transmission through submicron interferometer array

We present an ultra compact and high resolution free space optical spectrometer and demonstrate it by using FDTD simulations. The miniature interferometer-based spectrometer is a series of submicron phase objects on a polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) film with a CCD as the detector. The spectrum is obtained by solving a system of simultaneous linear equations. The Tikhonov regularization method is used to achieve a resolution at the picometer level. Compared with conventional spectrometers, the proposed device is low-cost and easy to fabricate due to its simple structure. Furthermore, its compact feature renders the device ideal for miniaturization and integration as the systems in microfluidics architectures and lab-on-chip designs.

Quantum-enhanced optical precision measurement assisted by low-frequency squeezed vacuum states

Stable low-frequency squeezed vacuum states at a wavelength of 1550 nm were generated.By controlling the squeezing angle of the squeezed vacuum states,two types of low-frequency quadrature-phase squeezed vacuum states and quadrature-amplitude squeezed vacuum states were obtained using one setup respectively.A quantum-enhanced fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer(FMZI)was demonstrated for low-frequency phase measurement using the generated quadrature-phase squeezed vacuum states that were injected.When phase modulation was measured with the quantumenhanced FMZI,there were above 3 dB quantum improvements beyond the shot-noise limit(SNL)from 40 kHz to 200 kHz,and 2.3 dB quantum improvement beyond the SNL at 20 kHz was obtained.The generated quadrature-amplitude squeezed vacuum state was applied to perform low-frequency amplitude modulation measurement for sensitivity beyond the SNL based on optical fiber construction.There were about 2 dB quantum improvements beyond the SNL from 60 kHz to 200 kHz.The current scheme proves that quantum-enhanced fiber-based sensors are feasible and have potential applications in high-precision measurements based on fiber,particularly in the low-frequency range.

Combined optical fiber interferometric sensors for the detection of acoustic emission

A type of combined optical fiber interferometric acoustic emission sensor is proposed. The sensor can be independent on the laser source and make light interference by matching the lengths of two arms,so it can be used to monitor the health of large structure. Theoretical analyses indicate that the system can be equivalent to the Michelson interferometer with two optical fiber loop reflectors,and its sensitivity has been remarkably increased because of the decrease of the losses of light energy. PZT is powered by DC regulator to control the operating point of the system,so the system can accurately detect feeble vibration which is generated by ultrasonic waves propagating on the surface of solid. The amplitude and the frequency of feeble vibration signal are obtained by detecting the output light intensity of interferometer and using Fourier transform technique. The results indicate that the system can be used to detect the acoustic emission signals by the frequency characteristics.

Ultrasonic sensitivity-improved fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer using a beam collimator and its application for ultrasonic imaging of seismic physical models

An ultrasonic sensitivity-improved fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer （FPI） is proposed and employed for ultra- sonic imaging of seismic physical models （SPMs）. The FPI comprises a flexible ultra-thin gold film and the end face of a graded-index multimode fiber （MMF）, both of which are enclosed in a ceramic tube. The MMF in a specified length can collimate the diverged light beam and compensate for the light loss inside the air cavity, leading to an increased spectral fringe visibility and thus a steeper spectral slope. By using the spectral sideband filtering technique, the collimated FP1 shows an improved ultrasonic response. Moreover, two-dimensional images of two SPMs are achieved in air by recon- structing the pulse-echo signals through using the time-of-flight approach. The proposed sensor with easy fabrication and compact size can be a good candidate for high-sensitivity and high-precision nondestructive testing of SPMs.

Integrated interferometers’system for in situ real-time optical signal modulation

Improving the functionality of an optical sensor on a prefabricated platform relies heavily on an optical signal conditioning method that actively modulates optical signals.In this work,we present a method for active modulation of an optical sensor response that uses fiber modal interferometers integrated in parallel.Over a broad frequency range of 1 Hz to 1 kHz,the interferometers’technology allows for adjustable amplification,attenuation,and filtering of dynamic signals.The suggested method is also used to enhance the real-time response of an optical fluid flowmeter.In order to keep tabs on different physical fields,the suggested approach promotes the creation of self-conditioning sensing systems.

Design, performance and application of a line-imaging velocity interferometer system for any reflector coupled with a streaked optical pyrometer system at the Shenguang-Ⅱ upgrade laser facility

The velocity interferometer system for any reflector(VISAR) coupled with a streaked optical pyrometer(SOP) system is used as a diagnostic tool in inertial confinement fusion(ICF) experiments involving equations of state and shock timing.To validate the process of adiabatically compressing the fuel shell through precise tuning of shocks in experimental campaigns for the double-cone ignition(DCI) scheme of ICF, a compact line-imaging VISAR with an SOP system is designed and implemented at the Shenguang-II upgrade laser facility. The temporal and spatial resolutions of the system are better than 30 ps and 7 μm, respectively. An illumination lens is used to adjust the lighting spot size matching with the target size. A polarization beam splitter and λ/4 waveplate are used to increase the transmission efficiency of our system. The VISAR and SOP work at 660 and 450 nm, respectively, to differentiate the signals from the scattered lights of the drive lasers. The VISAR can measure the shock velocity. At the same time, the SOP system can give the shock timing and relative strength. This system has been used in different DCI campaigns, where the generation and propagation processes of multi-shock are carefully diagnosed.

Semiconductor optical amplifier used as regenerator for degraded differential phase-shift keying signals

Phase and amplitude regeneration are necessary for degraded differential phase-shift keying communication sys- tems. This paper proposes a regenerator based on semiconductor optical amplifier for differential phase-shift keying signals. The key regeneration mechanism is theoretically analysed. The effectiveness of semiconductor optical amplifier based regenerator is demonstrated by comparing the bit error rate and eye diagrams before and after regeneration for 40-Cbit/s differential phase-shift keying 1080-km transmission systems. The results show that regeneration effects are very well. Bit error rate is tess than 10-12 with the regenerator.

Debonding Patch Detection in FRP-Strengthened Materials with Fiber-Optic Interferometer

The interfacial debonding in fiber-reinforced plastic(FRP)strengthened repair material will affect the bonding strength and lead to failure of the repair without warning.Unfortunately the interfacial damage is normally invisible and often in the form of a patch rather than a through-width crack.Therefore,a debonding patch detection technique based on fiber optic interferometry is proposed.A quasi-impulse loading is applied with a rubberhead hammer and the total elongation of a surface-mounted optical fiber along the length of the repair material is measured as a function of load position.When a debonding patch is present,the induced sudden slope or sign change on the plot of fiber integral strain v.s.load position will reveal the extent and the location of the debonded area.The results of the study indicate that the proposed technique is applicable for debonding patch detection in repaired members under various support conditions.

Application of Wavelet Transform in Dual-differential Optical Fiber F-P Interferometric Micro-displacement Measurement System

Based on dual-differential comparing principle, an experimental system of optical fiber F-P interferometric micro-displacement measurement is introduced. It is capable of achieving the absolute displacement measurement, and wavelet transforms is adopted as theory fundament to extract the optical F-P interferometric characteristic signal and remove the noise, so its resolution can reach 0. 01 μm in the dynamic range of 0～ 1 mm.

Strain measurement using frequency modulation fiber optic interferometer

The method for measuring the strain of an object using an optical fiber and a frequency modulation(FM) coupled cavity semiconductor laser is proposed.This method uses the coherent FM heterodyne principle of the Michelson interferometer and can avoid the π/2 nonreciprocal phase bias and phase shifting problem existing in general fiber optic interferential sensors, the maximum detection range is limited by the coherent length of the semiconductor laser and its relative factor.

Reflective Ladder Topology Network Based on White Light Fiber-Optic Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

In order to improve the multiplexing capability of the optical sensors based on the lower interferential optic fiber sensing technology and the white light fiber-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer,reflective ladder topology network ( RLT) with tailored formula was proposed. The topology network consists of 6 rungs sensing elements linked by 5 couplers. Two cases with different choices of couplers were contrasted: one is equal coupling ratio,and the other is tailored coupling ratio. Through the simulation of these two cases,the detailed multiplexing capability was analyzed,and accordingly the experiments were also carried out. The simulation results showed that,the tailored formula enhances the multiplexing capability of the structure. In the first case, the maximum number of sensors which can be multiplexed is 8,and in the other case is 12 fiber optic sensors. The experimental results have a good agreement with numerical simulation results. Thus,it is considered expedient to incorporate RLT into large-scale building,grounds,bridges,dams,tunnels,highways and perimeter security.

基于Neuroptica的光学神经网络仿真实验设计

光学神经网络光电子技术与神经网络模型,有望突破传统电子神经网络计算速度和网络功率效率低的技术瓶颈。为解决教学活动中缺乏实际演示案例问题,设计了利用光学神经网络进行手写数字识别实验。利用光学神经网络芯片级仿真平台Neuroptica构建手写数字识别系统,学生在不同参数下训练模型进行对比实验,也可自主编程设计ONN模型实现其他机器学习任务以验证模型的优劣。

Acousto-optic modulator-based bi-frequency interferometer for quantum technology

We demonstrate a high-performance acousto-optic modulator-based bi-frequency interferometer,which can realize either beating or beating free interference for a single-photon level quantum state.Visibility and optical efficiency of the interferometer are(99.5±0.2)%and(95±1)%,respectively.The phase of the interferometer is actively stabilized by using a dithering phase-locking scheme,where the phase dithering is realized by directly driving the acousto-optic modulators with a specially designed electronic signal.We further demonstrate applications of the interferometer in quantum technology,including bi-frequency coherent combination,frequency tuning,and optical switching.These results show the interferometer is a versatile device for multiple quantum technologies.

Chip-Based High-Dimensional Optical Neural Network

Parallel multi-thread processing in advanced intelligent processors is the core to realize high-speed and high-capacity signal processing systems.Optical neural network(ONN)has the native advantages of high parallelization,large bandwidth,and low power consumption to meet the demand of big data.Here,we demonstrate the dual-layer ONN with Mach-Zehnder interferometer(MZI)network and nonlinear layer,while the nonlinear activation function is achieved by optical-electronic signal conversion.Two frequency components from the microcomb source carrying digit datasets are simultaneously imposed and intelligently recognized through the ONN.We successfully achieve the digit classification of different frequency components by demultiplexing the output signal and testing power distribution.Efficient parallelization feasibility with wavelength division multiplexing is demonstrated in our high-dimensional ONN.This work provides a high-performance architecture for future parallel high-capacity optical analog computing.

An encryption scheme based on phase-shifting digital holography and amplitude-phase disturbance

In this paper, we propose an encryption scheme based on phase-shifting digital interferometry. According to the original system framework, we add a random amplitude mask and replace the Fourier transform by the Fresnel transform. We develop a mathematical model and give a discrete formula based on the scheme, which makes it easy to implement the scheme in computer programming. The experimental results show that the improved system has a better performance in security than the original encryption method. Moreover, it demonstrates a good capability of anti-noise and anti-shear robustness.