Genetic and Correlation Analysis of Grain Characters in Three-line Hybrid Rice

Abst[Objective] This study was to understand the genetic dynamics of three-line hybrid rice, and explore the respective effect of sterile line and restoring line on grain characters of hybrid rica. [Method] Four three-line stedle lines and 27 restoring lines（cultivars） commonly culti- vated in Central China region were regarded as expadmental materials to conduct 4 x27NCII cross design, and the grain characters of three-line hybrid rico were analyzed at genetic and correlation levels. [ Result] Four characters of grain length, grain width, 1 000-grain weight and length- width ratio play the leading role in additive gene effect; these four characters were simultaneously influenced by male parent and female parent, but the effect from male parent was relatively larger. The grain length, grain width, 1 000-grain weight and length-width ratio all have high brood hedtabUities（ respectively 99.65%, 98.31%, 95.27% and 98.81% ）. Correlation analysis showed that grain length was positively correlated with 1 000-grain weight and length-width ratio at extremely significant level; 1 000-grain weight was positively correlated with grain length and length- width ratio at extremely significant level, and was insignificantly correlated with grain width; grain width was negatively correlated with grain length and length-width ratio at extremely significant level. Path analysis showed that the direct path coefficients of grain length, grain width and 1 0（30- grain weight to length-width ratio were 0.624 6, -0.555 9 and -0.015 8, respectively. [ Conclusion] This study systematically analyzed the effects of stedle line and restoring line on grain characters of hybrid rice, which provided theoretical basis for breeding high quality and yield hy- brid dce.

Analysis of Correlation between Yield and Quality Traits of Quality Hybrid Rapeseed

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the correlation between yield and quality traits of rape. [Method] Taking ＂Sanbei 98＂ and ＂Youyan 599＂ as ex- periment materials, correlation between yield and quality traits of Brassica napus L. cultivars was explored by orthogonal rotation method. [Result] The results showed that： 1 In both the two varieties-Sanbei98 and Youyan599, erucic acid content had the largest coefficient of variation, but its average content was lower than 2% in both the two varieties （0.90% in Sanbei98 and 1.24% in Youyan599）, and the palmitic acid content had the smallest coefficient of variation. 2 In terms of the dif- ferences in quality traits at different yield levels, only the mean of eicosenoic acid content revealed significant difference in Sanbei98, and only the mean of seed-pro- tein content revealed significant difference in Youyan599, and there was no signifi- cant difference in any combined quality traits in both the two varieties. 3 The yield was negatively correlated with the erucic acid content or oil content, and posi- tively correlated with the content of seed-protein, linoleic acid, or linolenic acid, and the coefficient of correlation between the yield and either of the contents of glucosi- nolates, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and eicosenoic acid was smaller. ~, when the yield of a variety increased considerably, there was a certain decreasing trend in erucic acid content, oil content, the total amount of erucic chain fatty acids （El ＆ Er）, while there was an increasing trend in seed-protein content, linoleic acid content, linolenic acid content, saturated fatty acids （SFA）, the total amount of fat and protein （P ＆ F）, unsaturation index （IUFA）, unsaturated fatty acids （UFA）, the total amount of 18 carbon fatty acids （18-C FA）, unsaturated fatty acids [UFA/（Ei ＆ Er） ], and the sum of oleic acid and linoleic acid （OI ＆ Li）. 5 When the seed-pro- tein content is increased, the quality of rape oil cake is also improved; when the unsaturated index is increased, the oil stability is decreased. The increase in the total amount of unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid and linoleic acid helps to increase in the total amount of fatty acids absorbed by human bodies. [Conclusion] This study provides a theoretical foundation for the cultivation of high-yielding and top- quality hybrid rape cultivars.

Correlations of the Characteristics of Photosynthates between Female Parent and F_1 Inter-subspecific Hybrids of Rice

The utilization of hybrid rice heterosis between subspecies is an important way to prove rice breeding programs, but the low matter conversion rate of inter- subspecific hybrids becomes the bottleneck to get high yield. To further explore the reasons for the low conversion rate of dry matters, and the coordination mechanism between biological yield＇s potential and grain yield＇s potential, we evaluated the correlations of the agronomic characters between the female parent and F1 inter subspecific hybrids, using a male parent R292, three female parents Y58S, Peiai 64S and 83S, and their hybrid combinations Y58S/292, 64S/292 and 83S/292 as experimental materials, Yueyou 9113 as the control. The results indicated that the contents of both soluble sugar and starch of all the experimental materials varied at different growth stages, and the highest starch content appeared at pre-ripening stage while soluble sugar content was the lowest. Notable positive correlations in a- gronomic characteristics were observed between the female parents and their F1 hybrids. The soluble sugar content in stem was the highest, followed by that in panicle, and the soluble sugar content in sheath and flag leaf was lower. The re- sults provide a theoretical basis for the research on heterosis and yield coordination mechanisms of inter-subspecific hybrids of rice.

Experimental investigation and development of new correlation for influences of temperature and concentration on dynamic viscosity of MWCNT-SiO2(20-80)/20W50 hybrid nano-lubricant

In current research, MWCNT-SiO2/oil hybrid nano-lubricant viscosity is experimentally examined. By dispersing 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.8% and 1% volume of MWCNTs and SiO2 nanopartide into the engine oil SAE 20W50, the temperature and solid volume fraction consequences were studied. At 40 to 100 ℃ temperature, the viscosities were assessed. The results indicated Newtonian behavior for the hybrid nano-lubricant. Moreover, solid volume fraction augmentation and temperature enhanced the viscosity enhancement of hybrid nano-lubricant. At highest solid volume fraction and temperature, nano-lubricant viscosity was 171% greater compared to pure 20W50. Existed models lack the ability to predict the hybrid nano-lubricant viscosity. Thus, a new correlation regarding solid volume fraction and temperature was suggested with R-squared of 0.9943.

Correlation between laser-wire distance and Nd：YAG laser ＋ P-GMA hybrid welding heat input parameters

In laser ＋ P-GMA hybrid welding, laser-wire distance is an important parameter to describe the distance from laser spot to the center of the pulsed gas metal arc. The experiments results show that the optimal laser-wire distance with the deepest weld penetration increases with welding current and laser power being increased and decreases with welding speed being increased. Welding current, laser power and welding speed determine the hybrid welding heat input in laser ＋ arc hybrid welding process, so there is a correlation between the optimal laser-wire distanee and the hybrid heat input welding parameters for the deepest weld penetration： the optimal laser-wire distance increases with the heat input being increased. The positive correlation between the optimal laser-wire distance and the hybrid welding heat input is induced by the characteristics of the limited influence of P-GMA welding process on laser transmission and the dependence of weld penetration of hybrid welding on laser power.

Correlation Analysis between Body Size and Slaughter Performance in F-_1 Hybrid Offspring of Princess Chicken and Kirin Chicken

In order to study the meat development value of princess chicken,the body size traits and slaughter performance of 12-week-old F1 hybrid offspring of princess chicken(♂) and kirin chicken(♀) were measured and the correlations between different traits were analyzed. The results showed that body length,keel length and shank length of male F1 hybrid offspring were significantly higher than those of female chickens(P 【 0. 05). The live weight,carcass weight,semi-eviscerated weight,semi-eviscerated ratio,eviscerated weight,chest muscle weight,the leg muscle weight and heart weight of male chickens were extremely significantly higher than that of female chickens(P 【 0. 01),and the leg muscle ratio and wings weight were significantly higher than that of female chickens(P 【 0. 05),but sebum thickness of male chickens was extremely significantly lower than that of female chickens(P 【 0. 01). Other indicators failed to reach the significant difference level. There were extremely significant or significant correlations between the slaughter performance and body size in F1 hybrid offspring. The regression equations between different indicators were identified and developed. The results provided a certain theoretical reference to predict slaughter performance indicators through a living body size measurement,and revealed an improved production performance of F1 hybrid offspring.

Genetic Effects and Heterosis in Plant Height and Internode Traits of Japonica-Indica Hybrid Rice

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the genetic effects and heterosis of plant height and internode traits of japonica-indica hybrid rice. [Methed] Incomplete diallel crosses were made between six japonica CMS lines and nine indica widecompatibility restorer lines; the genetic effects of plant height and internode traits of japonica-indica hybrid rice were analyzed using the additive-dominance genetic model. [Result] The ple, nt height, panicle length and the length of internode 1 of japonica-in- dica hybrid rice were mainly controlled by the additive effects; but the length of in- ternode 3, internode 4 and internode 5 were mainly controlled by dominance effects. Both the narrow sense heritability and broad sense heritability of plant height, panicle length, number of elongated internodes and length of most internodes reached signifi- cance level. The positive phenotypic correlation, genetic correlation, additive correla- tion and dominance correlation between plant height and panicle length, number of e- longated internodes and internode length were significant; and most of the other paired traits were significantly positively correlated. Heterosis analysis showed that the positive heterosis value over mid-parent and positive heterosis value over better- parent of the length of internode 3, internode 4, internode 5 and internode 6 reached significant level, and the heterosis value over mid-parent of plant height reached extreme significance level. [Conclusion] This study will provide reliable theoretical basis for the genetic improvement and heterosis utilization of plant height and internode traits in japonica-indica hybrid rice.

Relationship Between Plant Type and Grain Quality of Japonica Hybrid Rice in Northern China

Plant type and grain quality are two major aspects in rice breeding. Using canonical correlation analysis and canonical redundancy analysis, the relationship between plant type traits and rice grain quality traits was studied with 100 crosses derived from 10 sterile lines × 10 restorer lines. There was a complex relationship between parts of the traits of the two aspects. The angle of the 2nd leaf from the top and single panicle weight played important roles in plant type system and amylose content and grain length in grain quality system. The angle of the 2nd leaf from the top, plant height and single panicle weight had a great effect on grain quality traits, and amylose content, brown rice rate and translucency were easily influenced by plant type traits. Selection index model indicated that japonica hybrid rice in Northern China with good quality was characterized by broad flag leaf and 2nd leaf from the top, narrow and short 3rd leaf from the top, low plant height, short culm, long and more panicles and low single panicle weight.

Male Parent Plays More Important Role in Heat Tolerance in Three-Line Hybrid Rice

Ten F1 combinations with their male and female parents were employed to evaluate their heat tolerance during the flowering and early grain filling stages. The rice plants were subjected to heat stress（39 °C–43 °C） for 1–15 d during flowering. Based on the heat stress index, heat tolerance was only observed in the F1 combinations H2（K22A × R207）, H3（Bobai A × R207） and H4（Bobai A × Minghui 63）, whereas the others received above 0.5000 of heat stress index. Both parents of the tolerant combination（heat-tolerant × heat-tolerant） possessed heat tolerance, whereas the susceptible combinations were crossed by heat-tolerant（sterile lines） × heat-susceptible（restorer lines）, heat-susceptible × heat-tolerant, or heat-susceptible × heat-susceptible parents. This result indicated that heat tolerance in rice was controlled by recessive genes. Thus, both parents should possess high temperature tolerance to develop heat-tolerant F1 combinations. Furthermore, the heat stress index of F1 combinations was significantly correlated with the heat stress index of restorer lines but not with the heat stress index of maintainer lines. This result suggested that male parents play a more important role in heat-tolerant combinations than female parents. Therefore, the heat susceptibility of the hybrid rice in China is mainly due to the wide application of low-heat-tolerant restorer lines with high yield in three-line hybrid rice breeding.

Novel Analysis of Two Kinds Hybrid Models in Ferro Martial Inserting Variable Lorentz Force Past a Heated Disk:An Implementation of Finite Element Method

In this article,the rheology of Ferro-fluid over an axisymmetric heated disc with a variable magnetic field by considering the dispersion of hybrid nanoparticles is considered.The flow is assumed to be produced by the stretching of a rotating heated disc.The contribution of variable thermophysical properties is taken to explore themomentum,mass and thermal transportation.The concept of boundary layermechanismis engaged to reduce the complex problem into a simpler one in the form of coupled partial differential equations system.The complex coupled PDEs are converted into highly nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations system(ODEs)and the resulting nonlinear flow problem is handled numerically.The solution is obtained via finite element procedure(FEP)and convergence is established by conducting the grid-independent survey.The solution of converted dimensionless problem containing fluid velocity,temperature and concentration field is plotted against numerous involved emerging parameters and their impact is noted.From the obtained solution,it is monitored that higher values of magnetic parameter retard the fluid flow and escalating values of Eckert number results in to enhance temperature profile.Ferro-fluid flow and heat energy for the case of the Yamada Ota hybrid model are higher than for the case of the Hamilton Crosser hybrid model.Developing a model is applicable to the printing process,electronic devices,temperature measurements,engineering process and food-making process.The amount of mass species is reduced vs.incline impacts of chemical reaction and Schmidt parameter.

Genetic Analysis on Plant Type of Northern Japonica Hybrid Rice

This study was designed to analyze the genetic relationship of the morphological traits of the northern japonica hybrid rice. The genetic relationship of the morphological traits of the 100 cultivars combined by the 10 sterile lines and the 10 restore lines was studied by using the principle component analysis and the SAS and QGA. The results showed that compared with the female parent, most of the morphological traits related closely to their father. The additive genetic effect and the dominant genetic effect appeared significantly, and the former was more significant than the latter. Genetic correlation analysis indicated that high plants or high plants with more leaves were in favor of improving the number and the weight of the spike and producing the hybrid vigor. The important factors influencing the plant type of the northern japonica hybrid rice were the plant height （PH）, the angle of the flag leaf （FLA）, flag leaf length （FLL）, and the weight of the shoots and leaves （SLW）, respectively. The morphological traits system of the northern japonica hybrid rice was very complex, and the restore line should be given more importance compared with the sterile line, and PH, FLA, FLL, and SLW should be considered first in the plant type breeding.

A Porous Organic-inorganic Hybrid Compound Constructed from Polyoxovanadium Borate Anions,Dinuclear Na Sites and Metal-organic Units

A polyoxovanadium borate [Na（H2O）]2[Na（H2O）2]2[Cu（en）2][V12B18O54（OH）6]·（H3O）2·（H2O）18 1（en = ethylenediamine） has been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by IR,two-dimensional infrared（2D IR） correlation spectroscopy with magnetic and thermal perturba-tion,thermal IR spectroscopy,thermal gravimetric analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.It crystallizes in triclinic,space group P with a = 12.981（3）,b = 13.044（3）,c = 14.208（3） ,α = 63.98（3）,β = 77.17（3）,γ = 14.208（3）°,V = 2001.0（8） 3,Z = 1,Mr = 2518.05,Dc = 2.090 g/cm-1,F（000） = 1255.0,Mu（mm-1） = 1.756,λ（MoKα） = 0.71073 ,R = 0.0625 and wR = 0.1952.In 1,the [V12B18O54（OH）6]8- units are connected by [Cu（en）2]2＋,binuclear Na（1） and Na（2） to form a three-dimensional porous framework.

Improved Representation of Biological Information by Using Correlation as Distance Function for Heatmap Cluster Analysis

Heatmap cluster figures are often used to represent data sets in the?omic sciences. The default option of the frequently used R heatmap function is to cluster data according to Euclidean distance, which groups data mainly to their numerical value and not to its relative behaviour. The disadvantage of using the default clustering?dendrograms of R is demonstrated. Instead, a script is provided that uses correlation as distance function, which better reveals biologically meaningful information. This optimized script was used to detect heterotic groups in Vitamaize hybrids (purple maize with high nutraceutical value). A field trial with different genetic combinations was performed through an agricultural phenomics approach (holistic evaluation of the phenotype). The grain yield data and other phenotypic variables were represented through heatmap figures. In the data set of Mexican tropical maize germplasm, at least three heterotic groups were detected, in contrast to only two heterotic groups reported earlier in temperate yellow maize from USA and Europe. This optimized script for heatmap correlation bicluster can also be used to better represent metabolomic fingerprints and transcriptomic data sets.

A matching algorithm based on hybrid matrices consisting of reference differences and disparities

Unique correct correspondence cannot be obtained only by use of gray correlation technique, which describes gray similar degree of feature points between the left and right images too unilaterally. The gray correlation technique is adopted to extract gray correlation peaks as a coarse matching set called multi-peak set. The disparity gradient limited constraint is utilized to optimize the multi-peak set. Unique match will be obtained by calculating the correlation of hybrid matrices consisting of reference differences and disparities from the multi-peak set. Two of the known corresponding points in the left and right images, respectively, are set as a pair of reference points to determine search direction and search scope at first. After the unique correspondence is obtained by calculating the correlation of the hybrid matrices from the multi-peak set, the obtained match is regarded as a new reference point till all feature points in the left (or right) image have been processed. Experimental results proved that the proposed algorithm was feasible and accurate.

Improved hybrid parallel strategy for density matrix renormalization group method

We propose a new heterogeneous parallel strategy for the density matrix renormalization group(DMRG)method in the hybrid architecture with both central processing unit(CPU)and graphics processing unit(GPU).Focusing on the two most time-consuming sections in the finite DMRG sweeps,i.e.,the diagonalization of superblock and the truncation of subblock,we optimize our previous hybrid algorithm to achieve better performance.For the former,we adopt OpenMP application programming interface on CPU and use our own subroutines with higher bandwidth on GPU.For the later,we use GPU to accelerate matrix and vector operations involving the reduced density matrix.Applying the parallel scheme to the Hubbard model with next-nearest hopping on the 4-leg ladder,we compute the ground state of the system and obtain the charge stripe pattern which is usually observed in high temperature superconductors.Based on simulations with different numbers of DMRG kept states,we show significant performance improvement and computational time reduction with the optimized parallel algorithm.Our hybrid parallel strategy with superiority in solving the ground state of quasi-two dimensional lattices is also expected to be useful for other DMRG applications with large numbers of kept states,e.g.,the time dependent DMRG algorithms.

The Ultimate Noise Limit for Hall Plates in Voltage, Current, and Hybrid Operating Modes

If Hall plates are used as magnetic field sensors they are usually powered up by a current source connected to a pair of non-neighboring contacts. The output voltage is tapped at another pair of non-neighboring contacts. In this paper we study more general operating conditions of Hall plates with an arbitrary number of contacts. In such hybrid operating modes current sources are connected to a first set of contacts and voltage sources to a second set of contacts. Output voltages are tapped at the first set of contacts and output currents are measured at the second set of contacts. All these output signals are multiplied by coefficients and added up. The purpose of this work is to figure out which operating mode and which Hall plate achieve maximum signal at minimum thermal noise and power dissipation. To this end we develop a theory, which gives the ratio of signal over noise and power as a function of the resistance matrix of Hall plates, of the supply voltages and currents, and of the coefficients. Optimization is done analytically in closed form and numerically for specific examples. The results are: 1) all operating modes have identical noise performance if their parameters are optimized;2) for any Hall plate one can measure its resistance matrix and insert its values into our formulae to obtain the optimum supply currents and coefficients for optimum noise performance.

海陆杂交长绒棉棉铃、纤维品质性状及相关性分析

【目的】明确海陆杂交长绒棉的棉铃、纤维品质性状及相关性,为选育高产海陆杂交长绒棉提供参考依据。【方法】以自主选育的抗虫陆地棉种质系为母本、生产上推广应用的新疆长绒海岛棉品种为父本,配制海陆杂交棉新组合,分析23个海陆杂交棉组合F1代的棉铃、纤维品质性状以及相关性。【结果】23个海陆杂交棉组合F1代单铃重变幅为3.7~5.0 g,单铃重超过4.2 g的组合有12个,变异系数为9.0%;衣分变幅为20.1%~36.7%,衣分超过30.0%的组合有5个,变异系数为10.7%。不同组合F1代纤维长度变幅为34.5~38.5 mm,纤维长度在35.0 mm以上的组合有22个,变异系数为2.6%;纤维比强度变幅为34.8~41.8 cN/tex,纤维比强度超过39.0 cN/tex的组合有9个,变异系数为5.3%;马克隆值变幅为2.8~4.2,马克隆值A级的组合有10个,变异系数为11.8%。海陆杂交棉的单铃重与不孕籽率呈极显著负相关(r=-0.683**)、与每囊粒数呈极显著正相关(r=0.660**)、与每铃囊数呈显著正相关(r=0.495*);海陆杂交棉的纤维整齐度与纤维长度、纤维比强度呈极显著正相关(r=0.578**、r=0.639**),与伸长率呈显著正相关(r=0.506*);衣分与纤维长度呈显著负相关(r=-0.475*)。在23个海陆杂交棉组合中,W042×新海53号、W046×新海54号、W047×新海54号的棉铃性状与纤维品质性状已呈现同步改良。【结论】利用陆地棉与长绒海岛棉的杂交互补优势,可以实现长绒棉产量性状与纤维品质性状的同步改良。

一种WiFi混合滤波的RSSI室内定位算法

针对接收信号强度指示(RSSI)在基于WiFi的室内定位应用中易受到环境影响出现波动、突变进而导致定位精度降低的问题,提出了一种WiFi混合滤波的RSSI室内定位算法。首先,根据WiFi信号距离衰减模型设计一种自适应阈值滤波器剔除观测信号异常值;然后,根据自适应阈值滤波、卡尔曼(Kalman)滤波、均值(Mean)滤波设计了一种混合滤波算法(ATKM)对RSSI数据进行滤波;最后,提出了一种基于斯皮尔曼-欧几里得距离的加权K近邻算法(SEWKNN)进行位置估计。在真实环境下的实测结果表明,本文提出的ATKM滤波算法能显著降低RSSI信号的波动,提出的SEWKNN算法在室内环境中平均定位误差为1.17 m,在走廊环境中平均定位误差为1.53m,相比传统的WKNN算法平均定位误差分别下降18.18%和16.84%。

基于数据驱动多面体集合的交直流混合配电网鲁棒调度方法

针对现有配电网鲁棒调度方法缺乏对不确定参数相关性问题的考虑,提出了一种基于数据驱动多面体集合的交直流混合配电网鲁棒调度方法。首先,构建分布式光伏出力的传统多面体集合,利用历史数据驱动形成了相关性包络图,通过弯曲多面体集合边界,建立了相关性多面体集合模型。然后,在此基础上,针对相关性多面体集合存在鲁棒性差和保守性大的问题,建立了数据驱动的多面体集合模型。进一步,建立了基于数据驱动多面体集合的交直流混合配电网鲁棒调度模型,并采用列与约束生成(column and constraint generation,CCG)算法对鲁棒调度模型进行求解。最后,改进的IEEE33节点系统仿真结果表明,基于数据驱动多面体集合的交直流混合配电网鲁棒调度方法可以减少优化结果的保守性,提高其鲁棒性,证明了所提出方法的有效性。

考虑风光出力动态相关性的场景生成方法

针对风光出力的不确定性问题提出一种利用混合Copula函数结合多元正态分布的风光出力场景生成方法。基于风电功率和光伏功率的历史数据建立风光出力的联合分布模型,进一步通过多元正态分布和协方差矩阵生成具有动态相关的风光出力联合分布序列;采用马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛抽样法生成风光出力场景的随机分布数,通过逆变换法得到相应的风光出力场景;对不同方法生成出力场景进行对比,分析动态相关下风光出力场景的拟合效果和耦合效应。结果验证所提方法的有效性,生成的出力场景能够较好地刻画风光单独出力和耦合出力时的不确定性。