Optimal Strategies Trajectory with Multi-Local-Worlds Graph

This paper constructs a non-cooperative/cooperative stochasticdifferential game model to prove that the optimal strategies trajectory ofagents in a system with a topological configuration of a Multi-Local-Worldgraph would converge into a certain attractor if the system’s configuration isfixed. Due to the economics and management property, almost all systems aredivided into several independent Local-Worlds, and the interaction betweenagents in the system is more complex. The interaction between agents inthe same Local-World is defined as a stochastic differential cooperativegame;conversely, the interaction between agents in different Local-Worldsis defined as a stochastic differential non-cooperative game. We construct anon-cooperative/cooperative stochastic differential game model to describethe interaction between agents. The solutions of the cooperative and noncooperativegames are obtained by invoking corresponding theories, and thena nonlinear operator is constructed to couple these two solutions together.At last, the optimal strategies trajectory of agents in the system is proven toconverge into a certain attractor, which means that strategies trajectory arecertainty as time tends to infinity or a large positive integer. It is concluded thatthe optimal strategy trajectory with a nonlinear operator of cooperative/noncooperativestochastic differential game between agents can make agentsin a certain Local-World coordinate and make the Local-World paymentmaximize, and can make the all Local-Worlds equilibrated;furthermore, theoptimal strategy of the coupled game can converge into a particular attractorthat decides the optimal property.

Reinforcement Learning Based Quantization Strategy Optimal Assignment Algorithm for Mixed Precision

The quantization algorithm compresses the original network by reducing the numerical bit width of the model,which improves the computation speed. Because different layers have different redundancy and sensitivity to databit width. Reducing the data bit width will result in a loss of accuracy. Therefore, it is difficult to determinethe optimal bit width for different parts of the network with guaranteed accuracy. Mixed precision quantizationcan effectively reduce the amount of computation while keeping the model accuracy basically unchanged. In thispaper, a hardware-aware mixed precision quantization strategy optimal assignment algorithm adapted to low bitwidth is proposed, and reinforcement learning is used to automatically predict the mixed precision that meets theconstraints of hardware resources. In the state-space design, the standard deviation of weights is used to measurethe distribution difference of data, the execution speed feedback of simulated neural network accelerator inferenceis used as the environment to limit the action space of the agent, and the accuracy of the quantization model afterretraining is used as the reward function to guide the agent to carry out deep reinforcement learning training. Theexperimental results show that the proposed method obtains a suitable model layer-by-layer quantization strategyunder the condition that the computational resources are satisfied, and themodel accuracy is effectively improved.The proposed method has strong intelligence and certain universality and has strong application potential in thefield of mixed precision quantization and embedded neural network model deployment.

Optimization Strategies of Beijing Elderly Care Service Stations Based on Questionnaire Survey Method: A Case Study of Zhanlan Road Street of Xicheng District

4 elderly care service stations in Zhanlan Road Street,Xicheng District,Beijing are selected,and questionnaires are designed and distributed to the surrounding elderly population to understand their needs and satisfaction with the station environment.By observing elderly care service stations on site,the characteristics,obstacles,and shortcomings of the environment are recorded,and relevant data are collected and analyzed,such as the characteristics of the elderly population being interviewed,the planning and design data of the station environment,and the distribution of service facilities.The overall characteristics of the spatial environment of elderly care stations are summarized,and renovation measures and optimization suggestions are provided for the current shortcomings,thereby providing some basis for the spatial design of community elderly care service stations in the future.

Research Status,Practical Dilemmas,and Optimization Strategies of Blended Teaching in Universities

Blended teaching has emerged as a prominent subject in the recent reform and innovation of higher education.It has become imperative and guiding for colleges and universities to embrace a mixed teaching approach that aligns with the evolving needs of education and teaching in the new era.This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the research status surrounding blended teaching,encompassing fundamental issues,teaching design,practical guidance,teaching effectiveness,and evaluation.By critically examining the current challenges associated with blended teaching,this study proposes optimization strategies including enhancing student participation and interaction,promoting deep learning,improving teachers’preparedness,teaching technologies,and curriculum design capabilities,strengthening top-level design,and perfecting evaluation and incentive mechanisms.These strategies provide new directions for the reform of blended teaching.

A Study on the Educational Mode and Optimization Strategies of“Micro Ideological and Political Education”

The model of“micro ideological and political education”is adapted to the characteristics of the new era and the real needs of ideological and political education in colleges and universities.Based on the work of“micro ideological and political education”in colleges and universities under the development of all-media integration,this study summarizes the main practices,achievements,and problems of“micro ideological and political education”in colleges and universities,and proposes to optimize and improve the work of“micro ideological and political education”from the perspectives of platform construction,work creation,team building,and guarantee mechanism.Optimization and enhancement are needed to effectively improve the relevance and effectiveness of“micro ideological and political education”work.

Fundamental Understanding and Optimization Strategies for Dual‑Ion Batteries:A Review

There has been increasing demand for high-energy density and longcycle life rechargeable batteries to satisfy the ever-growing requirements for nextgeneration energy storage systems.Among all available candidates,dual-ion batteries(DIBs)have drawn tremendous attention in the past few years from both academic and industrial battery communities because of their fascinating advantages of high working voltage,excellent safety,and environmental friendliness.However,the dynamic imbalance between the electrodes and the mismatch of traditional electrolyte systems remain elusive.To fully employ the advantages of DIBs,the overall optimization of anode materials,cathode materials,and compatible electrolyte systems is urgently needed.Here,we review the development history and the reaction mechanisms involved in DIBs.Afterward,the optimization strategies toward DIB materials and electrolytes are highlighted.In addition,their energy-related applications are also provided.Lastly,the research challenges and possible development directions of DIBs are outlined.

Recent Advances on Challenges and Strategies of Manganese Dioxide Cathodes for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are regarded as promising electrochemical energy storage devices owing to its low cost,intrinsic safety,abundant zinc reserves,and ideal specific capacity.Compared with other cathode materials,manganese dioxide with high voltage,environmental protection,and high theoretical specific capacity receives considerable attention.However,the problems of structural instability,manganese dissolution,and poor electrical conductivity make the exploration of high-performance manganese dioxide still a great challenge and impede its practical applications.Besides,zinc storage mechanisms involved are complex and somewhat controversial.To address these issues,tremendous efforts,such as surface engineering,heteroatoms doping,defect engineering,electrolyte modification,and some advanced characterization technologies,have been devoted to improving its electrochemical performance and illustrating zinc storage mechanism.In this review,we particularly focus on the classification of manganese dioxide based on crystal structures,zinc ions storage mechanisms,the existing challenges,and corresponding optimization strategies as well as structure-performance relationship.In the final section,the application perspectives of manganese oxide cathode materials in AZIBs are prospected.

Optimization Strategies Toward Functional Sodium-Ion Batteries

Exploration of alternative energy storage systems has been more than necessary in view of the supply risks haunting lithium-ion batteries.Among various alternative electrochemical energy storage devices,sodium-ion battery outstands with advantages of cost-effectiveness and comparable energy density with lithium-ion batteries.Thanks to the similar electrochemical mechanism,the research and development of lithium-ion batteries have forged a solid foundation for sodium-ion battery explorations.Advancements in sodium-ion batteries have been witnessed in terms of superior electrochemical performance and broader application scenarios.Here,the strategies adopted to optimize the battery components(cathode,anode,electrolyte,separator,binder,current collector,etc.)and the cost,safety,and commercialization issues in sodium-ion batteries are summarized and discussed.Based on these optimization strategies,assembly of functional(flexible,stretchable,self-healable,and self-chargeable)and integrated sodium-ion batteries(−actuators,−sensors,electrochromic,etc.)have been realized.Despite these achievements,challenges including energy density,scalability,trade-off between energy density and functionality,cost,etc.are to be addressed for sodium-ion battery commercialization.This review aims at providing an overview of the up-to-date achievements in sodium-ion batteries and serves to inspire more efforts in designing upgraded sodium-ion batteries.

Understanding of the charge storage mechanism of MnO_(2)-based aqueous zinc-ion batteries:Reaction processes and regulation strategies

Though secondary aqueous Zn ion batteries(AZIBs)have been received broad concern in recent years,the development of suitable cathode materials of AZIBs is still a big challenge.The MnO_(2) has been deemed as one of most hopeful cathode materials of AZIBs on account of some extraordinary merits,such as richly natural resources,low toxicity,high discharge potential,and large theoretical capacity.However,the crystal structure diversity of MnO_(2) results in an obvious various of charge storage mechanisms,which can cause great differences in electrochemical performance.Furthermore,several challenges,including intrinsic poor conductivity,dissolution of manganese and sluggish ion transport dynamics should be conquered before real practice.This work focuses on the reaction mechanisms and recent progress of MnO_(2)-based materials of AZIBs.In this review,a detailed review of the reaction mechanisms and optimal ways for enhancing electrochemical performance for MnO_(2)-based materials is proposed.At last,a number of viewpoints on challenges,future development direction,and foreground of MnO_(2)-based materials of aqueous zinc ions batteries are put forward.This review clarifies reaction mechanism of MnO_(2)-based materials of AZIBs,and offers a new perspective for the future invention in MnO_(2)-based cathode materials,thus accelerate the extensive development and commercialization practice of aqueous zinc ions batteries.

Determining Optimal Strategies to Reduce Maternal and Child Mortality in Rural Areas in Western China: an Assessment Using the Lives Saved Tool

China, as a whole, is about to meet the Millennium Development Goals for reducing the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and infant mortality rate (IMR), but the disparities between rural area and urban area still exists. This study estimated the potential effectiveness of expanding coverage with high impact interventions using the Lives Saved Tool (LiST). It was found that gestational hypertension, antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage, preterm birth, neonatal asphyxia, and neonatal childhood pneumonia and diarrhea are still the major killers of mothers and children in rural area in China. It was estimated that 30% of deaths among 0-59 month old children and 25% of maternal deaths in 2008 could be prevented in 2015 if primary health care intervention coverage expanded to a feasible level. The LiST death cause framework, compared to data from the Maternal and Child Mortality Surveillance System, represents 60%-80% of neonatal deaths, 40%-50% of deaths in 1-59 month old children and 40%-60% of maternal deaths in rural areas of western China.

Optimal guidance strategy for flexible load based on hybrid direct load control and time of use

The time-of-use(TOU)strategy can effectively improve the energy consumption mode of customers,reduce the peak-valley difference of load curve,and optimize the allocation of energy resources.This study presents an Optimal guidance mechanism of the flexible load based on strategies of direct load control and time-of-use.First,this study proposes a period partitioning model,which is based on a moving boundary technique with constraint factors,and the Dunn Validity Index(DVI)is used as the objective to solve the period partitioning.Second,a control strategy for the curtailable flexible load is investigated,and a TOU strategy is utilized for further modifying load curve.Third,a price demand response strategy for adjusting transferable load is proposed in this paper.Finally,through the case study analysis of typical daily flexible load curve,the efficiency and correctness of the proposed method and model are validated and proved.

Optimal Portfolio Selection with Delay under the Framework of Uncertainty Theory

This study focuses on investigating the optimal investment strategy for an optimization problem with delay using the uncertainty theory. The financial market is composed of a risk-free asset and a risk asset with an uncertain price process described by an uncertain differential equation. An optimization problem is assumed that its objective is a nonlinear function of decision variable. By deriving the equation of optimality, an analytical solution is obtained for the optimal delay investment strategy, and the optimal delay value function. Finally, an economic analysis and numerical sensitivity analysis are conducted to evaluate the research results.

Optimal integration of solar home systems and appliance scheduling for residential homes under severe national load shedding

In developing countries like South Africa,users experienced more than 1030 hours of load shedding outages in just the first half of 2023 due to inadequate power supply from the national grid.Residential homes that cannot afford to take actions to mitigate the challenges of load shedding are severely inconvenienced as they have to reschedule their demand involuntarily.This study presents optimal strategies to guide households in determining suitable scheduling and sizing solutions for solar home systems to mitigate the inconvenience experienced by residents due to load shedding.To start with,we predict the load shedding stages that are used as input for the optimal strategies by using the K-Nearest Neighbour(KNN)algorithm.Based on an accurate forecast of the future load shedding patterns,we formulate the residents’inconvenience and the loss of power supply probability during load shedding as the objective function.When solving the multi-objective optimisation problem,four different strategies to fight against load shedding are identified,namely(1)optimal home appliance scheduling(HAS)under load shedding;(2)optimal HAS supported by solar panels;(3)optimal HAS supported by batteries,and(4)optimal HAS supported by the solar home system with both solar panels and batteries.Among these strategies,appliance scheduling with an optimally sized 9.6 kWh battery and a 2.74 kWp panel array of five 550 Wp panels,eliminates the loss of power supply probability and reduces the inconvenience by 92%when tested under the South African load shedding cases in 2023.

Optimal Treatment Strategy for Infectious Diseases with Two Treatment Stages

In this paper, a disease transmission model with two treatment stages is proposed and analyzed. The results indicate that the basic reproduction number is a critical threshold for the prevalence of the disease. If the basic reproduction number is less than one, the disease free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. Otherwise, the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. Therefore, besides the basic reproduction number, a new marker for characterizing the seriousness of the disease, named as dynamical final infective size, is proposed, which differs from traditional final size because the proposed model includes the natural birth and death. Finally, optimization strategies for limited medical resources are obtained from the perspectives of basic reproduction number and dynamical final infective size, and the real-world disease management scenarios are given based on these finding.

Modeling and Analysis of COVID-19 Optimizated Vaccination Strategies with Age Structure

The rational and effective implementation of epidemic prevention and control measures is crucial to controlling the spread of COVID-19, and vaccination is a key part to be considered in the development of epidemic prevention and control strategies. In order to give full play to the greater role of vaccination strategies in epidemic prevention and control, more accurate and efficient vaccination strategies should be explored. Based on the classical SEIR dynamic model, this paper established a COVID-19 dynamic model of population age structure in the form of population grouping and combined with the transmission characteristics of the COVID-19 epidemic. An optimization model with the goal of minimizing daily infection was established to analyze the optimization studies on infection-related specificity of vaccination for different age groups under the condition of limited daily vaccine supply at the early stage of the epidemic, and to obtain the priority of vaccination strategies for Chinese age groups. And the effect of the heterogeneity of infection rate and hospitalization rate on the priority of vaccine allocation.

Cognitive interference decision method for air defense missile fuze based on reinforcement learning

To solve the problem of the low interference success rate of air defense missile radio fuzes due to the unified interference form of the traditional fuze interference system,an interference decision method based Q-learning algorithm is proposed.First,dividing the distance between the missile and the target into multiple states to increase the quantity of state spaces.Second,a multidimensional motion space is utilized,and the search range of which changes with the distance of the projectile,to select parameters and minimize the amount of ineffective interference parameters.The interference effect is determined by detecting whether the fuze signal disappears.Finally,a weighted reward function is used to determine the reward value based on the range state,output power,and parameter quantity information of the interference form.The effectiveness of the proposed method in selecting the range of motion space parameters and designing the discrimination degree of the reward function has been verified through offline experiments involving full-range missile rendezvous.The optimal interference form for each distance state has been obtained.Compared with the single-interference decision method,the proposed decision method can effectively improve the success rate of interference.

A Review of Anode Materials for Dual‑Ion Batteries

Distinct from"rockingchair"lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),the unique anionic intercalation chemistry on the cathode side of dual-ion batteries(DIBs)endows them with intrinsic advantages of low cost,high voltage,and ecofriendly,which is attracting widespread attention,and is expected to achieve the next generation of large-scale energy storage applications.Although the electrochemical reactions on the anode side of DIBs are similar to that of LIBs,in fact,to match the rapid insertion kinetics of anions on the cathode side and consider the compatibility with electrolyte system which also serves as an active material,the anode materials play a very important role,and there is an urgent demand for rational structural design and performance optimization.A review and summarization of previous studies will facilitate the exploration and optimization of DIBs in the future.Here,we summarize the development process and working mechanism of DIBs and exhaustively categorize the latest research of DIBs anode materials and their applications in different battery systems.Moreover,the structural design,reaction mechanism and electrochemical performance of anode materials are briefly discussed.Finally,the fundamental challenges,potential strategies and perspectives are also put forward.It is hoped that this review could shed some light for researchers to explore more superior anode materials and advanced systems to further promote the development of DIBs.

A review of Al-based material dopants for high-performance solid state lithium metal batteries

As the world transitions to green energy, there is a growing focus among many researchers on the requirement for high-efficient and safe batteries. Solid-state lithium metal batteries(SSLMBs) have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional liquid lithium-ion batteries(LIBs), offering higher energy density, enhanced safety, and longer lifespan. The rise of SSLMBs has brought about a transformation in energy storage, with aluminum(Al)-based material dopants playing a crucial role in advancing the next generation of batteries. The review highlights the significance of Al-based material dopants in SSLMBs applications, particularly its contributions to solid-state electrolytes(SSEs), cathodes, anodes,and other components of SSLMBs. Some studies have also shown that Al-based material dopants effectively enhance SSE ion conductivity, stabilize electrode and SSE interfaces, and suppress lithium dendrite growth, thereby enhancing the electrochemical performance of SSLMBs. Despite the above mentioned progresses, there are still problems and challenges need to be addressed. The review offers a comprehensive insight into the important role of Al in SSLMBs and addresses some of the issues related to its applications, endowing valuable support for the practical implementation of SSLMBs.

Nickel-Nitrogen-Carbon(Ni-N-C)Electrocatalysts Toward CO_(2)electroreduction to CO:Advances,Optimizations,Challenges,and Prosoects

Electrocatalytic reduction of CO_(2)into high energy-density fuels and value-added chemicals under mild conditions can promote the sustainable cycle of carbon and decrease current energy and environmental problems.Constructing electrocatalyst with high activity,selectivity,stability,and low cost is really matter to realize industrial application of electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction(ECR).Metal-nitrogen-carbon(M-N-C),especially Ni-N-C,display excellent performance,such as nearly 100%CO selectivity,high current density,outstanding tolerance,etc.,which is considered to possess broad application prospects.Based on the current research status,starting from the mechanism of ECR and the existence form of Ni active species,the latest research progress of Ni-N-C electrocatalysts in CO_(2)electroreduction is systematically summarized.An overview is emphatically interpreted on the regulatory strategies for activity optimization over Ni-N-C,including N coordination modulation,vacancy defects construction,morphology design,surface modification,heteroatom activation,and bimetallic cooperation.Finally,some urgent problems and future prospects on designing Ni-N-C catalysts for ECR are discussed.This review aims to provide the guidance for the design and development of Ni-N-C catalysts with practical application.