Parametric optimization and performance comparison of organic Rankine cycle with simulated annealing algorithm

Taking the ratio of heat transfer area to net power and heat recovery efficiency into account, a multi-objective mathematical model was developed for organic Rankine cycle （ORC）. Working fluids considered were R123, R134a, R141b, R227ea and R245fa. Under the given conditions, the parameters including evaporating and condensing pressures, working fluid and cooling water velocities were optimized by simulated annealing algorithm. The results show that the optimal evaporating pressure increases with the heat source temperature increasing. Compared with other working fluids, R123 is the best choice for the temperature range of 100--180℃ and R141 b shows better performance when the temperature is higher than 180 ℃. Economic characteristic of system decreases rapidly with the decrease of heat source temperature. ORC system is uneconomical for the heat source temperature lower than 100℃.

Parametric Optimization of Organic Rankine Cycle with R245fa/R601a as Working Fluid

In order to select the appropriate working fluids and optimize parameters for medium-temperature geothermally-powered organic Rankine cycle(ORC), R245 fa is mixed with R601 a at geothermal water temperature of 110 ℃. Based on thermodynamics, the characteristics of mixture and its influence on the performance of ORC under different evaporating temperatures and composition proportions are analyzed. Results show that the zeotropic mixture R245fa/R601a(0.4/0.6) has the highest performance. When the evaporating temperature reaches 67 ℃, the outlet temperature of geothermal water is 61 ℃, the net power output is the highest and the thermal efficiency is about 9%.

Exergoeconomic Evaluation and Optimization of Dual Pressure Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for Geothermal Heat Source Utilization

In the present study, a dual-pressure organic Rankine cycle (DORC) driven by geothermal hot water for electricity production is developed, investigated and optimized from the energy, exergy and exergoeconomic viewpoint. A parametric study is conducted to determine the effect of high-stage pressure and low-stage pressure variation on the system thermodynamic and exergoeconomic performance. The DORC is further optimized to obtain maximum exergy efficiency optimized design (EEOD case) and minimum product cost optimized design (PCOD case). The exergy efficiency and unit cost of power produced for the optimization of EEOD case and PCOD case are 33.03% and 3.059 cent/kWh, which are 0.3% and 17.4% improvement over base case, respectively. The PCOD case proved to be the best, with respect to minimum unit cost of power produced and net power output over the base case and EEOD case.

A thermodynamics comparison of subcritical and transcritical organic Rankine cycle system for power generation

A comparison on subcritical and transcritical organic Rankine cycle（ORC） system with a heat source of 110 ℃ geothermal water was presented. The net power output, thermal and exergy efficiencies and the products of the heat transfer coefficient（U） and the total heat exchange area（A）（UA values） were calculated for parametric optimization. Nine candidate working fluids were investigated and compared. Under the given conditions, transcritical systems have higher net power outputs than subcritical ones. The highest net power output of transcritical systems is 18.63 k W obtained by R218, and that of subcritical systems is 13.57 k W obtained by R600 a. Moreover, with the increase of evaporating pressure, the thermal and exergy efficiencies of transcritical systems increase at first and then decrease, but the efficiencies of subcritical ones increase. As a result, the efficiencies of transcritical systems cannot always outperform those of the subcritical ones. However, the subcritical systems have lower minimum UA values and lower expansion ratios than the transcritical ones at the maximum net power output. In addition, the transcritical cycles have higher expansion ratios than the subcritical ones at their maximum net power output.

余热余压空气梯级利用的双涡流管有机朗肯循环综合性能分析与优化

为充分利用工业生产中的余热余压空气能量,同时降低ORC系统冷凝热损失,该文提出一种双涡流管ORC系统(ORC coupled with double vortex tubes,DVT-ORC)。利用热源涡流管将放热后的余热余压空气分离成冷、热空气,冷空气用于工质冷却,热空气作为二级蒸发器的热源且换热后其余压用于驱动气动增压泵;利用工质涡流管将透平乏气分离成冷、热气流,热气流经气动增压泵升压再循环,冷气流进入空气冷却器冷却。以150℃、0.6 MPa的空气为初始热源,R245fa为工质,建立热力与经济的多目标优化模型,分析双涡流管冷流比和透平排气压力对系统综合性能的影响;采用遗传算法进行优化,确定系统最优工况。结果表明:当热源涡流管冷流比大于0.3时,DVT-ORC输出功大于基本ORC输出功,工质涡流管与空气冷却器的㶲损失之和较基本ORC系统冷凝器的㶲损失最大可减小1240.32 kW,单位电力生产成本较低,DVT-ORC系统热力性与经济性提升。系统最佳运行工况在透平排气压力为0.3007 MPa、工质涡流管冷流比为0.8738、热源涡流管冷流比为0.8942时,对应的净输出功为173.94 kW、热效率为13.57%、单位电力生产成本为0.415元/(kW·h)。

串联双级蒸发有机朗肯循环系统的多目标优化及工质优选

为了探究串联双级蒸发有机朗肯循环系统在特定工况下的最佳混合工质,选取了3组不同特性的混合工质,即R21/R113、R1234ze/R141b和R227ea/R245fa,引入热力学性能指标、经济指标和环境指标,利用非支配排序遗传算法进行多目标优化.通过求解Pareto边界,采用3种决策方法对每组工质流体进行最优解的选择,根据偏移量选取最优决策方法.结果表明:在热源温度为150℃、冷源温度为15℃的工况下,混合工质R1234ze/R141b最优解的[火用]效率相对较高,平准化度电成本(levelized cost of energy, LCOE)和当量二氧化碳排放量(equivalent carbon emission, ECE)相对也较低,热源温度也适配,为该工况下较为合适的混合工质.

工业余热回收系统优化策略原理

介绍有机朗肯循环发电系统在工业余热回收上的应用,选取某燃煤电厂为例,介绍其回收装置及节能分析,并在此基础上进行余热回收的优化策略分析。首先通过引入湿硫酸工艺,将烟气中的二氧化硫催化氧化为三氧化硫并在特殊换热器中冷凝并回收为硫酸副产品,以此打破烟气低品位余热深度利用的酸露点限制。然后通过有机朗肯循环和吸收式制冷集成的余热回收系统对烟气余热进行深度利用。通过数值模拟的方法对余热回收系统进行研究,通过模型验证确保数值模拟的可信度和准确性。

超临界CO_(2)-有机朗肯联合循环的多目标优化

采用复合型超临界二氧化碳-有机朗肯联合循环来回收燃气轮机的余热,建立了热力学以及[火用]经济性模型,探究了关键参数对联合循环系统性能的影响规律,从热力学性能、空间紧凑性、[火用]经济性能等方面对联合循环系统进行了研究,并对联合循环进行了多目标优化。结果表明:在最优状态下复合型超临界二氧化碳再压缩-有机朗肯联合循环的效率为54.56%,比燃-蒸联合循环提高了4.2%,其单位输出功率所需换热面积为0.1178m^(2)/kW,比燃-蒸联合循环降低了21.41%。

Optimization and Evaluation of a Vehicular Exhaust Heat Recovery System

Exhaust waste heat recovery system based on organic Rankine cycle(ORC)has been considered as an effective method to achieve energy conservation and emissions reduction of engine.The performance of adiesel engine with an on-board ORC exhaust heat recovery system was evaluated through simulations in this study.The combined system was optimized through controlling the exhaust gas mass flow rate entering the ORC system.The models of the engine with ORC system were developed in GT-suite and Simulink environment.The validation results showed high accuracy of the models.The performance of the system recovering heat from different exhaust gas mass flow rates was evaluated.The comparative analysis of the performance between the optimized and un-optimized system was also presented.The results indicated that the exhaust gas mass flow rate had significant effects on the system performance.Integration with the onboard ORC system could effectively improve the engine power performance.The power output of the engineORC combined system with optimization had further improvement,and the maximum improvement could reach up to 1.16 kW.

基于NSGA-Ⅱ算法的变温度热源有机朗肯循环系统性能分析及工质选择

针对120~150℃烟气余热,建立亚临界有机朗肯循环系统的数学模型。首先以R245fa为例,在不同热源温度下对系统进行了热力性能和经济性能分析;其次选取6种纯工质,基于NSGA-Ⅱ算法对系统进行了多目标优化研究;最后通过TOPSIS法和灰色关联分析对不同热源温度下的系统进行了工质选择和性能分析。结果表明:在研究温度范围内,过热度和蒸发器夹点温差的升高均不利于提升系统性能;不同热源温度下的最佳工质不同,热源温度为120℃时,R601的热力性能最优,R245fa的经济性最优,R1233zd的综合性能最优;热源温度的升高有利于提升系统的经济性能,各工质的最佳蒸发温度随着热源温度的升高而升高。灰色关联分析表明,6种工质的综合性能均随着热源温度升高有所提升。

超临界CO_(2)布雷顿循环余热回收系统性能分析与优化

为了经济高效地回收超临界CO_(2)布雷顿循环(SCBC)的余热,分别采用卡琳娜循环(KC)和有机朗肯循环(ORC)作为底循环,设计了SCBC/KC及SCBC/ORC这2种系统方案.对2种方案系统进行参数分析并利用NSGA-Ⅱ多目标遗传算法对联合循环系统进行多目标优化计算,将优化结果与SCBC系统性能进行比较,突出联合循环系统的性能优势.参数分析结果表明:2种联合循环系统热力性能均存在最佳压比;升高底循环膨胀比有助于提升系统热力性能;提高底循环涡轮机进口温度有助于改善系统[火用]经济性能.对比结果表明:优化后的SCBC/KC系统热效率和?效率较优化前SCBC系统分别升高了9.27%和8.69%,[火用]经济成本仅升高了0.92%;SCBC/ORC系统热效率和?效率较优化前SCBC系统分别升高10.73%和10.08%,?经济成本升高了1.87%.通过比较分析可知,SCBC/KC系统更经济,而SCBC/ORC系统更节能.

非共沸工质分离压缩再混合有机朗肯循环综合性能分析

为利用非共沸工质在蒸发器内“温度滑移”的优势,避免在冷凝器内“组分迁移”的不利影响。构建了非共沸工质分离压缩再混合有机朗肯循环系统(ORC with separation,compression,and remixing,SCRM-ORC)。采用分凝器将非共沸混合工质分离成2种纯工质,分别进入气液热交换器两空间进行气液换热,再对纯工质压缩、混合再利用。以120℃地热水为热源,R134a/R245fa为工质,建立热力、经济与环境性能模型,分析R134a质量分数对系统综合性能的影响,并与采用R134a的乏气压缩再循环ORC系统(compression recycling,CR-ORC)性能进行对比。采用遗传算法进行多目标优化,揭示系统最优性能与工况参数。结果表明:与CR-ORC系统相比,非共沸工质SCRM-ORC系统可有效降低冷凝热的释放量,在R134a质量分数较低时提高冷凝热回收利用量,同时具有较好的综合性能。将分凝器与气液热交换器看作整体与CR-ORC系统中新型冷凝器相比,二者[火用]损失之和与投资成本之和小于CR-ORC系统中冷凝器的。在R134a质量分数为0.2181时,系统综合性能最优,此时净输出功为3412.1kW,投资回收期为2.237年,年当量CO_(2)减排量为4520.6×10^(3)kg。

基于深度强化学习的有机朗肯循环内燃机余热回收系统瞬态优化控制

有机朗肯循环因其热效率较高、部件成熟的优点,被认为是目前主流的内燃机余热回收技术。然而由于实际道路工况的复杂多变,给余热回收系统在瞬变工况下的安全高效控制带来了巨大挑战。为此,该文提出基于深度强化学习的控制方法,通过线下学习优化控制结合线上做决策解决此问题。建立经过实验验证的跨临界有机朗肯循环动态仿真模型,作为深度强化学习的训练环境,进而学习到安全的优化控制策略。仿真结果表明:深度强化学习控制器相比于传统PID恒温控制器(控制膨胀机进口工质温度为定值),可将系统始终控制在更安全和高效的状态;且在未经训练的瞬态波动热源条件下,深度强化学习控制器表现出了较好的外推泛化性能。研究结果证明深度强化学习对瞬态工况下的热动力循环优化控制具有非常可观的潜力。

基于工质参数化建模的ORC不同构型热力学性能评价

有机朗肯循环(ORC)是实现中低温热能高效利用的主要技术之一。选择适宜的工质和循环结构可以显著提高ORC的热力学性能。本文基于工质参数化模型提出一种ORC构型和工质的热力学评价方法。首先,通过建立的工质参数化模型实现了ORC工质物性参数和循环参数的协同优化,从而获得不同构型ORC在不同热源条件下的最高热效率,进而确定了ORC的最佳构型和最适热源温度。然后,分析了在最佳构型下优化得到的工质物性参数与实际工质之间的差异。最终,在优化得到的工质物性参数的基础上,通过建立多元线性回归模型实现了不同工质ORC热力学性能的准确预测。结果表明,回热式结构是ORC的最佳循环结构,其最佳热源温度为300℃;利用基于优化得到的工质物性参数建立的多元线性回归模型预测不同工质热力学性能时,相对误差范围为0.8%~-1%。

基于LNG冷能发电的朗肯循环关键参数分析优化

经过对传统两级低温朗肯循环进行模拟分析,为了提高系统的净输出功,提出了改进的两级低温朗肯循环系统。在系统初始参数与循环工质不变的情况下,以改进的两级低温朗肯循环的净输出功为研究对象。利用HYSYS过程模拟软件对其进行了逐级分析优化,得到优化后系统的关键参数为:系统低、高温级循环中工质的蒸发压力分别为4.2、0.64 MPa,冷凝压力均为0.1 MPa,LNG的气化压力为1.2 MPa,此时系统的净输出功最大。

变冷凝环境条件下基于准二级膨胀单螺杆膨胀机的有机朗肯循环性能优化

冷凝环境条件的季节性变化会对有机朗肯循环系统的性能和膨胀机的运行工况产生重大的影响。采用新型准二级膨胀单螺杆膨胀机是确保有机朗肯循环系统实现跨季节高效运行的有效举措。该文通过建立准二级膨胀单螺杆膨胀机和变冷凝环境条件下有机朗肯循环系统的耦合模型,揭示了冷凝环境条件、准二级膨胀单螺杆膨胀机的性能和有机朗肯循环最佳工况点之间的关联机理。同时,对准二级膨胀单螺杆膨胀机的内容积比进行优化分析。结果表明:引入速度膨胀过程可以降低膨胀机的最优内容积比,提高膨胀机的最佳等熵效率,其中最优内容积比从6.0降低到4.86,此时对应的最佳等熵效率从0.679增加至0.692。循环净功率和净效率均存在最优值,当湿球温度为5℃,内容积比为4.0时,循环净功率最高达13.87kW,内容积比为8.0时,循环净效率最高达12.66%;利用准二级膨胀单螺杆膨胀机可以显著提升变冷凝环境条件下有机朗肯循环系统的性能,系统最大净功率和最大净效率分别提升了4.51%和0.59%。

危废焚烧处理耦合有机朗肯循环系统工质筛选与热力学优化

危险废弃物焚烧处理产生的热量除了用于满足自身系统热量需求和损失外,其余大部分热量可以作为低温发电系统热源。利用该余热锅炉产生的饱和蒸汽作为潜热型热源驱动有机朗肯循环系统做功,并基于热力学和热经济学分析进行工质筛选。研究进一步对危废焚烧系统的基础流程进行优化,并分析了回热对ORC系统的热力学性能的影响。结果表明,工质Benzene表现最优,且危废系统优化后做功能力的提升,相较于基础结构增加了24.5%,回热后ORC系统净输出功提升了19.98%,热效率提升了35.57%,?效率提升了19.99%。

基于平衡和非平衡权重算法的柴油机有机朗肯循环多目标优化

对非共沸混合工质的柴油机ORC系统进了研究,提出了一种基于平衡和非平衡权重的热力学高维多目标优化(EMO)方法。研究表明,使用非共沸混合物,可提高换热器中工质和热源的匹配度,苯/甲苯(质量比:60%/40%)的输出功率(W_(net))比纯工质提高5.4%~19.2%。敏感性参数分析表明,随着蒸发温度的增大,W_(net)先增大后减小,热效率(η_(th))单调增加,总[火用]损(I_(zon))单调减少。由于W_(net),η_(th)和I_(zon)相互矛盾,不存在同时满足这三个指标的运行参数,为此开展高维EMO,利用RPD-NSGA-Ⅱ进行多目标优化并通过TOPSIS进行分析。当基于η_(th),W_(net)和I_(zon)的平衡权重进行选择,最佳η_(th),W_(net)和I_(zon)分别为24.07%,72.36 kW和44.66 kW,而柴油机废气能量回收率(ηg)为12.5%;当基于W_(net)和η_(th)的非平衡权重进行选择,最佳η_(th)和W_(net)分别为22.42%和81.44 kW,对应的I_(zon)为52.33 kW,ηg为14.07%。可见,基于不同权重的选取能够给出更多的工程选择。

基于[火用]分析的钢铁企业蒸汽系统优化

基于[火用]分析方法构建钢铁企业蒸汽系统产-耗-配优化模型,以[火用]效率最高为目标对钢铁企业蒸汽系统进行优化,分别采用双级有机朗肯循环(STORC)系统和饱和蒸汽发电系统对优化后的余热余能进行回收,以减少能源浪费.结果表明:蒸汽系统[火用]效率由优化前的70.15%提升至78.50%,优化后烧结、热轧和转炉工序存在大量余热余能资源;采用STORC系统回收烧结和热轧处富余烟气分别增加发电量4.29 kW·h和3.19 kW·h,采用饱和蒸汽发电系统回收转炉处富余蒸汽增加发电量3.16 kW·h.。

Optimization of Low-Temperature Exhaust Gas Waste Heat Fueled Organic Rankine Cycle

Low temperature exhaust gases carrying large amount of waste heat are released by steel-making process and many other industries, Organic Rankine Cycles （ORCs） are proven to be the most promising technology to re- cover the low-temperature waste heat, thereby to get more financial benefits for these industries. The exergy analysis of ORC units driven by low-temperature exhaust gas waste heat and charged with dry and isentropic fluid was per- formed, and an intuitive approach with simple impressions was developed to calculate the performances of the ORC unit. Parameter optimization was conducted with turbine inlet temperature simplified as the variable and exergy effi- ciency or power output as the objective function by means of Penalty Function and Golden Section Searching algo- rithm based on the formulation of the optimization problem. The power generated by the optimized ORC unit can be nearly as twice as that generated by a non-optimized ORC unit. In addition, cycle parametric analysis was performed to examine the effects of thermodynamic parameters on the cycle performances such as thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency. It is proven that performance of ORC unit is mainly affected by the thermodynamic property of working fluid, the waste heat temperature, the pinch point temperature of the evaporator, the specific heat capacity of the heat carrier and the turbine inlet temperature under a given environment temperature.