Optimization and Characterization of Combined Degumming Process of Typha angustata L. Stem Fibers

Plant derived natural fibers have been widely investigated as alternatives to synthetic fibers in reinforcing polymers.Researchers over the years have explored many plant fibers using different extraction processes to study their physical,chemical,and mechanical properties.In this context,the present study relates to the extraction,characterization,and optimization of Typha angustata L.stem fibers.For this purpose,desirability functions and response surface methodology were applied to simultaneously optimize the diameter(D),linear density(LD);yield(Y),lignin fraction(L),and tenacity(T)of Typha stem fibers.Typha stems have been subjected to both alkali(NaOH)and enzymatic(pectinex ultra-SPL)treatments.Three levels of process variables including enzyme concentration(10,15,and 20 ml/L)and treatment duration(10,15,and 20 days)were used to design the experiments according to the factorial design.Experimental results were examined by analysis of variance and fitted to second order polynomial model using multiple regression analysis.The Derringer’s desirability function released that the values of process variables generating optimized diameter,linear density,yield,lignin ratio and tenacity are 20 ml/L and 20 days for concentration of pectinex ultra-SPL enzyme and treatment duration,respectively.Confirmation was performed and high degree of correlation was found between the experimental and statistical values.Moreover,the morphological structure has been investigated by the scanning electron microscope,showing a crenelated structure of ultimate fiber bundles of cellulose composing the Typha fiber.Compared to Typha stem non-treated fibers(TSNTF),Typha stem combined treated fibers(TSCTF),brings to improve mechanical properties.This change in mechanical properties is affected by modifying the fiber structure showing alpha cellulose of(66.86%)and lignin ratio of(10.83%)with a crystallinity index of(58.47%).

Diagnosing and optimizing enterprise business process using process walkthrough method

The basic requirements of "business process walkthrough" method were clarified and the diagnostic way of process problem of enterprise was discussed. The business process problems can be summarized as process structure defects, lack of supporting mechanisms and lack of supporting system. The business urgency-expected return matrix scoring method, which can effectively sort the importance of the process problems was also analyzed. The implementation method and key elements of process optimization were discussed, and the evaluation index system of process optimization was also constructed. The continuous customer-oriented business process optimization can effectively improve the quality of the process operation and enhance the level of enterprise operation management.

A modified active disturbance rejection control for a wastewater treatment process

Waste water treatment process(WWTP)control has been attracting more and more attention.However,various undesired factors,such as disturbance,uncertainties,and strong nonlinear couplings,propose big challenges to the control of a WWTP.In order to improve the control performance of the closed-loop system and guarantee the discharge requirements of the effluent quality,rather than take the model dependent control approaches,an active disturbance rejection control(ADRC)is utilized.Based on the control signal and system output,a phase optimized ADRC(POADRC)is designed to control the dissolved oxygen and nitrate concentration in a WWTP.The phase advantage of the phase optimized extended state observer(POESO),convergence of the POESO,and stability of the closed-loop system are analyzed from the theoretical point of view.Finally,a commonly accepted benchmark simulation model no.1.(BSM1)is utilized to test the POESO and POADRC.Linear active disturbance rejection control(LADRC)and the suggested proportion-integration(PI)control are taken to make a comparative research.Both system responses and performance index values confirm the advantage of the POADRC over the LADRC and the suggested PI control.Numerical results show that,as a result of the leading phase of the total disturbance estimation,the POESO based POADRC is an effective and promising way to control the dissolved oxygen and nitrate concentration so as to ensure the effluent quality of a WWTP.

Review on Optimization of Drinking Water Treatment Process

In the drinking water treatment processes, the optimization of the treatment is an issue of particular concern. In general, the process consists of many units as settling, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection. The optimization of the process consists of some measures to decrease the managing and monitoring expenses and improve the quality of the produced water. The objective of this study is to provide water treatment operators with methods and practices that enable to attain the most effective use of the facility and in consequence optimize the cubic meter price of the treated water. This paper proposes a review on optimization of drinking water treatment process by analyzing all of the water treatment units and gives some solutions in order to maximize the water treatment performances without compromising the water quality standards. Some practical solutions and methods are performed in the water treatment plant located in the middle of Morocco (Meknes).

Induction Heating in the Processing of Ti &Zr

Induction heating has important applications in science and industry. The method of induction heating can be successfully used for melting and heat treatment of titanium and zirconium alloys. Different applications using induction precise heating before plastic deformation are discussed in this paper. For alloys of many metals such as titanium, zirconium, niobium, tantalum, etc., it is important to provide precision heating with a high degree of homogeneity of the temperature field and strict adherence to the condition of heating. This is explained by polymorphism of the alloys based on these metals, their chemical activity at high temperatures and the specific thermal and electrical properties. It is very important for induction heating to define the extreme achievable unevenness of the temperature field. For special alloys it is necessary to use resistance furnaces for homogenization of billets’ temperature after heating in the inductors. Optimal control can be used for massive billets to reduce significantly the heating time, energy expenses and to improve the quality of the temperature field distribution. Optimization of induction heating process can be achieved by synchronous solution of the problem of optimal control and design with specially developed models.

Empirical Investigation of Treatment of Sour Gas by Novel Technology: Energy Optimization

The sour gas sweetening is one of the main processes in gas industries. Gas sweetening is done through chemical processes. Therefore, it requires high cost and energy. The results show that increasing the operating temperature increases the mass transfer coefficient and increases the mass transfer rate. Theoretical and experimental data show that sulfur removal in 4.5 W magnetic field is desirable. The increase in sulfur removal percentage in the magnetic field of 4.5 W and 6.75 W is about 16.4% and 15.2%, respectively. According to the obtained results, the effect of temperature increase from 18.8°C to 23.4°C is more evident than the effect of temperature change from 23.4°C to 32.2°C. Because more thermal energy is needed to provide higher temperatures. Therefore, the temperature of 23.4°C is reported as the optimal temperature. The results of this research show that the percentage of sulfur removal is also high at this temperature.

女性盆底功能障碍性疾病诊治流程及物理治疗康复临床应用——康复流程、原则及智能诊疗

女性盆底功能障碍性疾病(FPFD)发生机制复杂,专科的临床医师往往无法覆盖妇产、泌尿、肛肠、影像等各专科全面的医学专业信息,限制了对于该疾病的系统、全面诊治。FPFD的治疗需要遵循康复流程,制定个性化物理治疗干预措施,同时结合其他方式制定综合性治疗策略。人工智能在盆底领域的应用,不仅可以提高医生诊断效率,还可以为综合治疗方案的制定提供参考和依据,实现智能诊疗与精准医疗。本文从FPFD康复流程出发,分析康复原则及内容,探究人工智能在FPFD诊疗中的应用现状,旨在为实现盆底疾病智能诊疗提供参考。

锆基非晶合金电解质等离子体抛光工艺及废液处理

电解质等离子体抛光技术在非晶合金结构件的应用仍处于探索阶段,而且会产生含较高浓度的重金属和氟离子废液。为了提高锆基非晶合金结构件的表面质量以满足其使役性能,研究抛光时间、工作电压、硫酸铵浓度、初始温度、工件入水深度、阳极挂具材料等电解质等离子体抛光工艺参数对锆基非晶合金表面粗糙度、晶化情况的影响,并利用正交试验进行参数组合优化,对比不同参数对于表面粗糙度的影响显著程度。最后针对抛光后废液污染的问题,探究并配套合适的废液处理方案。结果表明:影响抛光后材料表面质量因素的显著程度为抛光时间>工作电压>初始温度>硫酸铵浓度,最优抛光工艺参数组合为抛光时间8 min,工作电压220 V,初始温度88℃,硫酸铵浓度为5%,此时表面粗糙度为0.103μm。经化学混凝沉淀法和离子交换树脂法组合工艺处理后,出水废液中的重金属和氟离子浓度均能达国家电镀污染物排放标准。研究成果可为电解质等离子体抛光在锆基非晶合金的实际生产提供工艺指导,有助于推广锆基非晶合金结构件的产业化应用,促进锆基非晶合金的大规模工业生产。

基于互联网医院建设的肿瘤患者自助开单服务探索与实践

目的:探索自助开单服务模式的设计及实施效果,为患者提供高效、便捷的就医服务,提升患者服务效率。方法:采用χ~2检验、独立样本t检验对使用自助开单服务的患者及同期使用APP自约号来院就诊的患者的性别、年龄、来源、预约挂号至就诊的等待时间进行比较;测量系统应用后为患者节省的就医成本并对患者的就医流程进行比较。结果:使用自助开单服务的患者相比自约号的患者,老年人比例提升了5.4%(P=0.02)、京外患者比例下降了3.6%(P=0.028),患者预约挂号至就诊的平均等待时间减少了51.8个小时(P<0.01),平均为每位患者节省费用1 790元/次。结论:自助开单服务系统的应用有助于优化就医流程、缩短预约挂号到就诊的等待时间,节省就医成本,促进医疗资源合理配置,提高医疗服务效率。

基于非齐次泊松过程的康复诊疗设备可靠性建模研究

目的:研究基于非齐次泊松过程的康复诊疗设备可靠性建模方法,提升康复诊疗设备可靠性分析效果。方法:统计和分析康复诊疗设备在特定时间段内的总运行时间,对其运行数据展开趋势检验,以浴盆曲线为康复诊疗设备故障时的变化趋势;在浴盆曲线变化趋势条件下建立康复诊疗设备非齐次泊松过程可靠性模型;采用最小二乘估计法,估计康复诊疗设备的非齐次泊松过程可靠性模型参数,确定康复诊疗设备的可靠性指标,完成康复诊疗设备可靠性建模,并用于康复诊疗设备管理中。选取2022年4—10月解放军总医院第二医学中心临床在用的17台康复诊疗设备,其中脉冲短波治疗仪6台,干扰电治疗仪5台,吞咽障碍治疗仪3台,空气波压力治疗仪3台,2022年7月医院将基于非齐次泊松过程的康复诊疗设备可靠性建模方法应用于康复诊疗设备管理,对比基于非齐次泊松过程的康复诊疗设备可靠性建模方法应用前后康复诊疗设备的故障率变化。结果:17台康复诊疗设备可靠性建模方法应用前的平均故障率为64.71%(11/17),应用后降至23.53%(4/17),其中6台脉冲短波治疗仪故障率由应用前的66.7%(4/6)降至16.7%(1/6),5台干扰电治疗仪故障率由应用前的60.0%(3/5)降至20.0%(1/5),3台吞咽障碍治疗仪故障率由应用前的66.7%(2/3)降至33.3%(1/3),3台空气波压力治疗仪故障率由应用前的66.7%(2/3)降至33.3%(1/3)。结论:基于非齐次泊松过程的康复诊疗设备可靠性建模方法能够精准计算康复诊疗设备的故障强度函数与累积故障强度函数,降低康复诊疗设备故障率,提升康复诊疗设备使用质量。

知识和数据驱动的污水处理反硝化脱氮过程协同优化控制

为有效提升城市污水处理过程的脱氮效果,提出一种知识和数据驱动的反硝化脱氮过程协同优化控制(Knowledge-data-driven cooperative optimal control,KDDCOC).所提方法主要有以下两个方面:首先,建立一种基于自适应知识核函数的协同优化控制目标模型,动态描述出水水质(Effluent quality,EQ)以及泵送能耗(Pumping energy consumption,PE)、关键变量的协同关系;其次,提出一种知识引导的协同优化算法(Knowledge guide-based cooperative optimization algorithm,KGCO),快速准确求解硝态氮(Nitrate nitrogen,SNO)优化设定值,提高KDDCOC的响应速度.KDDCOC利用比例−积分−微分(Proportional-integral-derivative,PID)控制器对硝态氮优化设定值进行跟踪,将提出的KDDCOC应用于城市污水处理过程基准仿真模型1号(Benchmark simulation model No.1,BSM1),实验结果表明,该方法能够提高出水水质,降低运行能耗,有效改善脱氮效果.

ATP法在生物处理工艺优化中的应用分析

活性污泥ATP(三磷酸腺苷)法具有操作快速、简单、灵敏的特点,可以及时反馈生物处理过程中微生物的活性状态。文章采用ATP检测法对细胞活性进行分析,确定活性污泥数量,并通过微生物镜检方式对生化系统状态进行观察,判断污水处理厂生物处理能力,同时考察活性污泥中溶解氧含量及系统搅拌程度对反硝化功能的影响情况。根据分析结果,将ATP指标列入污水处理厂日常检测,能有效定量分析污水处理厂活性污泥状态,也是判断运行工艺是否异常的有效手段。

好氧颗粒污泥技术处理化工园区工业污水

采用好氧颗粒污泥技术处理化工园区企业排放的工业污水,实现了污泥颗粒化。工艺启动和可靠性研究结果表明,直径不小于0.2 mm的球形或椭球形致密颗粒污泥占比约60%,为橙黄色,SV5接近300 mL/L。在冬季不加任何化学药剂的情况下,出水总氮小于10 mg/L。该技术运行平稳,水质波动适应性强,操作弹性大,吨水电耗为0.23 kW·h,与传统的A^(2)O相比,能耗节约明显,同时占地面积显著减小。

静态螺旋切割优化A^(2)/O曝气工艺处理生活污水的研究

A^(2)/O是一种常见的生活污水处理工艺,其好氧段的曝气方式通常采用传统的底部曝气,溶氧效率较低。为了实现对污水高质高效的处理,基于气-液传质强化和流体力学理论,自主开发了一种无动力驱动静态螺旋切割器,可将气-液混合溶液中的大气泡切割细化成微纳米量级的小气泡,可在较短的时间内提高溶氧,且控制气体流量即可实现对溶氧量的调节。对无曝气、传统底部曝气采用静态螺旋切割进行对比实验,结果表明:与传统底部曝气工艺相比,静态螺旋切割对固体悬浮物(SS)的去除率提高了12.3%,对COD的去除率提高了5.6%,对氨氮(NH_(3)-N)和总磷(TP)的去除率分别提高了约8.1%和8.5%,饱和态溶氧(DO)浓度提高了48.2%。静态螺旋切割器具有结构简单和经济性好的优势,因此对于优化污水处理曝气具有较好的应用前景。

基于动态种群多邻域MOEA/D的污水处理过程优化控制

针对污水处理过程中以能耗和罚款为对象的多目标优化控制问题,对基于分解的多目标进化算法(multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition,MOEA/D)进行改进,提出基于动态种群的多邻域MOEA/D用于污水处理过程中多目标优化控制。首先,将种群分为3个初始子种群,不同子种群由不同变异策略产生新解,并通过子代进化率对子种群规模进行动态调整,以适应不同进化时期对策略的需求;其次,分析种群在迭代过程中的进化状态,并结合各策略搜索的范围为每种变异策略分配一个邻域,以提升各策略的搜索性能。实验结果表明,该算法的收敛性和多样性相较于传统算法有明显的提升,该算法能够达到对污水处理过程中的目标进行优化的目的。

上海中心城区污水处理厂提标改造工程调试总结及设计建议

通过“十三五”期间上海中心城区污水处理厂提标改造及新建工程的实施经验,就已有污水处理厂提标改造涉及改造切换方面要点、污水处理厂建成后的调试过程要点、污水处理厂整体设计优化方面要点等方面,提出需关注的重点内容。

臭氧活性炭工艺处理多种新污染物复合污染研究

以南方某流域水体可检出的SD、SMZ、HCB、马拉硫磷和BPA等新污染物为研究对象,进行复合新污染物共存的原水加标处理试验,研究预处理-常规处理-臭氧活性炭工艺处理效果。结果表明,SD、SMZ、BPA与COD_(Mn)均具有较好的相关性;生物预处理工艺对SD、SMZ、HCB、马拉硫磷和BPA去除率分别为23.97%、21.20%、6.08%、16.26%和23.76%,生物预处理最优停留时间是120min,最优气水比是1:2;常规处理工艺对SD、SMZ、HCB、马拉硫磷和BPA的去除率分别为18.02%、20.08%、23.02%、8.26%和16.53%,常规处理中SMZ和马拉硫磷的混凝剂最佳投加量为15mg/L,其余3种新污染物的混凝剂最佳投加量为20mg/L;深度处理工艺对SD、SMZ、HCB、马拉硫磷和BPA的去除率分别为49.13%、53.80%、60.20%、77.07%和71.50%,深度处理最佳臭氧投加量是3mg/L,最佳臭氧接触时间为24min,最优炭床停留时间是25min。试验工艺对复合新污染物具有良好的去除作用,对SD、SMZ、HCB、马拉硫磷和BPA的总去除率达到了69.86%、73.10%、73.65%、83.74%和82.72%,试验条件下出水的HCB、马拉硫磷和BPA满足《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2022),出水的磺胺嘧啶和磺胺二甲嘧啶满足欧美发达国家的水质标准。

污水处理厂能源回收工艺和优化策略分析

目前,污水处理厂常用的污泥能源回收技术主要有2种,即污泥热解产氢技术和污泥厌氧消化热电联产技术。随着科学技术的发展,污水处理厂能源回收新工艺应运而生,主要有厌氧消化耦合微生物电解池产甲烷工艺和厌氧消化耦合微生物燃料电池产电工艺。为了增强能源回收效果,有必要分析污水处理厂能源回收技术,综述污水处理厂能源回收新工艺,提出我国污水处理厂能源回收优化策略。我国污水处理厂能源回收可以采用3种优化策略,一是多目标需求导向的能源回收策略,二是工艺改造结合前沿技术的能源回收策略,三是多目标功能导向的能源回收策略。随着优化策略的落实,污水处理厂可以更好地实现能源自给,减少能耗,提高资源化利用水平。

心内科病房医疗器械供应可靠性管理研究

目的:构建心内科医疗器械供应可靠性管理指标体系,形成可靠性评估策略,提升可靠性管理水平。方法:从医疗器械使用前备件、使用中追踪和使用后处理3个环节,划分13个供应管理事项,在全程管理中开展工作差错概率、质量问题概率和诊疗风险预期评估,形成分级分层、质量规范、部门合作的全过程管理对策。采用随机抽样法选取2021-2022年深圳市龙华区人民医院心内科病房126台医疗器械运行的2000次数据资料,按照器械供应模式不同,分别采用部门协同式管理的协同管理模式(1000次)和可靠性评估管理的评估管理模式(1000次)进行器械供应管理。对比不同管理模式医疗器械供应可靠性和满意度。结果:采用评估管理模式的医疗器械使用前备件、使用中追踪、使用后处理3个环节以及供应全程的工作差错概率分别为(4.74±2.19)%、(4.39±1.85)%、(5.75±1.88)%和(8.29±1.30)%,均低于协同管理模式,其差异有统计学意义(t=5.367、5.663、5.432、6.847,P<0.05),质量问题概率分别为(4.13±1.67)%、(3.89±1.25)%、(5.28±1.84)%和(7.64±1.18)%,均低于协同管理模式,其差异有统计学意义(t=6.504、6.229、5.123、6.166,P<0.05),诊疗风险预期分别为(2.74±0.89)%、(2.47±0.96)%、(3.42±0.95)%和(4.02±1.09)%,均低于协同管理模式,其差异有统计学意义(t=7.027、6.509、8.915、9.266,P<0.05);相关工作人员对采用评估管理模式的医疗器械性能质量、消毒规范、供应及时性、协作水平和使用安全性的满意度分别为(93.54±4.65)%、(91.67±4.11)%、(94.58±4.34)%、(92.39±3.82)%和(90.97±3.76)%,均高于协同管理模式,其差异有统计学意义(t=2.809、3.030、2.843、4.939、3.739,P<0.05)。结论:可靠性管理模式可降低医疗器械供应中的工作差错问题和安全风险,提高供应可靠性,改善供应服务质量。