Study on Optimum Fertilization Model of Potato Intercropped with Sugarcane

[Objective] The paper was to study the effects of different ratios of N, P and K on yield of potato intercropped with sugarcane in Lateritic red earth area of Guangxi, and seek the best N, P and K ratio for nutrition model of potato inter- cropped with sugarcane. [Method]Two field experiments adopted the optimum com- pound design （311-A） were conducted in Long＇an County of Guangxi Province in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The polynomial regression models of fertilizer applica- tion and quadratic of three factors were established by SAS statistical analysis soft- ware, and optimum nutrient simulation models of potato were obtained by computer processing. [Result] The combined application of low nitrogen and mid-high potassi- um and phosphorus fertilizer contributed to higher potato yield in experimental condi- tion. The regression model of potato yield （Yll and Y12） and dosage of N（X1）, P （X2）, K（X3） were established by using SAS statistical analysis software, in 2011 and 2012, respectively. They were Y11 =14 725.28 -415.39X1 ＋741.99X2 ＋607.83）（3-447.92X1X2- 144.09X1X3 -405.83X2X3 -267.82X1^2-795.67X2^2 -642.10X3^2, R =0.927 2; and Y12 =14 342.60 -896.25X1 ＋548.62X2 ＋925.51 X3 ＋67.81 X1X2 ＋531.60X1X3 -99.00X2X3 -904.00X1^2 - 1121.36X2^2-596.64X3^2,R=0.926 6. The regression mathematics model of potato yields preferably fit with actual situation in the locality, and have higher practical value, so it could be used for fertilizer decision and forecast. Using the computer to carry on the optimization, the N, P and K dosage of the best potato yield intercropped with sugarcane was obtained. The dosage of N, P2O5, K2O were 108.8-140.6, 172.5-204.4 and 285.9 kg/hm2, respectively. [Conclusion] The best N, P and K ratio of potato yield intercropped with sugarcane was 1：（1.23-1.68）：（2.03-2.63）.

ORPOM model for optimum distribution of tree ring sampling based on the climate observation network

Tree ring dating plays an important role in obtaining past climate information.The fundamental study of obtaining tree ring samples in typical climate regions is particularly essential.The optimum distribution of tree ring sampling sites based on climate information from the Climate Observation Network(ORPOM model) is presented in this article.In this setup,the tree rings in a typical region are used for surface representation,by applying excellent correlation with the climate information as the main principle.Taking the Horqin Sandy Land in the cold and arid region of China as an example,the optimum distribution range of the tree ring sampling sites was obtained through the application of the ORPOM model,which is considered a reasonably practical scheme.

Ecological Optimum Population of Binzhou City Based on PEER Model

Taking into account the regional carrying capacity,the population capacity and optimum population of Binzhou City from 2007 to 2017 under certain economic,resource and environmental conditions were calculated based on PEER model.The results show that the population capacity of Binzhou City during 2007-2017 ranged from 6.03 million to 6.43 million,and ecological optimum population was between 5.05 million and 5.34 million.The actual population of the city was between 3.74 million and 3.94 million.The impact of the "two-child" policy on population growth was small,and there was still room for population growth.The population pressure index was greater than 0.7 and less than 1,showing that economic and resource population carrying capacity had certain surplus but were still not optimistic.Environmental pressure index was relatively high,and population carrying capacity was low.

The Disagreement between Anisotropic-Isotropic Diffuse Solar Radiation Models as a Function of Solar Declination: Computing the Optimum Tilt Angle of Solar Panels in the Area of Southern-Italy

In this paper a simulation to maximize the global solar radiation on a sloped collecting surface was applied to typical latitudes in the area of southern Italy, to calculate the optimum tilt angle of solar panels on building structures or large photovoltaic power plants located in that geographical area. Indeed, the area of southern Italy and in particular Sicily and Calabria are the top of European locations for acquiring solar energy. Some models of diffuse solar irradiance were taken into account to determine panels inclinations that maximized the impinging solar radiation by means of global horizontal solar radiation data provided from the Italian Institute of ENEA (Italy). An algorithm was used for the simulation providing a set of tilt angles for each latitude. The optimum tilt angle values obtained from the simulation resulted to be strictly related to the model of diffuse solar radiation that was used. Indeed, the disagreement between the values obtained using anisotropic models of diffuse solar radiation and those obtained from the isotropic model resulted to decrease significantly with increasing solar declination, showing that the isotropic model can be reliable only in summer months.

Reliability-Based Full-Life Cycle Optimum Design of Offshore Jacket Platform

Based on the consideration of operation environment and structural property, an optimum design model of offshore jacket platform is developed in this paper, namely, the reliability-based full-life cycle optimum design model. In this model, the time-dependent reliability assessment method for structural members is established by combination of the decrease of sectional size and performance deterioration of material. The initial investment, maintenance cost and failure loss cost are assembled into the model. The total cost of the platform structure system in its full service period is chosen as the objective function, and the initial reliabilities of the layer elements partitioned in advance are taken as the design variables. Different models are obtained, depending on whether the system reliability constraint is considered or not. This optimum design model can result in the lowest full-life cost and the optimal initial layer reliability of an offshore jacket platform in the design of marine structures. The feasibility of this model is illustrated with an actual jacket platform in the Liaodong Gulf as an example.

Optimum municipal wastewater treatment plant design with consideration of uncertainty

A newly developed model for the optimum municipal wastewater treatment plant(MWTP) design is presented. Through introducing the interval variables, the model attempts to consider the effects of uncertainties caused by the fluctuation of the wastewater quality and quantity during the design of MWTP. The model solution procedure is illustrated in detail, and a numerical example is given to verify the feasibility and advantage of the model. Furthermore, the possibility of the model application is briefly outlined.

HYPERSTATIC STRUCTURE MAPPING MODEL BUILDING AND OPTIMIZING DESIGN

Hyperstatic structure plane model being built by structural mechanics is studied. Space model precisely reflected in real stress of the structure is built by finite element method （FEM） analysis commerce software. Mapping model of complex structure system is set up, with convenient calculation just as in plane model and comprehensive information as in space model. Plane model and space model are calculated under the same working condition. Plane model modular construction inner force is considered as input data; Space model modular construction inner force is considered as output data. Thus specimen is built on input data and output dam. Character and affiliation are extracted through training specimen, with the employment of nonlinear mapping capability of the artificial neural network. Mapping model with interpolation and extrpolation is gained, laying the foundation for optimum design. The steel structure of high-layer parking system （SSHLPS） is calculated as an instance. A three-layer back-propagation （BP） net including one hidden layer is constructed with nine input nodes and eight output nodes for a five-layer SSHLPS. The three-layer structure optimization result through the mapping model interpolation contrasts with integrity re-analysis, and seven layers structure through the mapping model extrpulation contrasts with integrity re-analysis. Any layer SSHLPS among 1-8 can be calculated with much accuracy. Amount of calculation can also be reduced if it is appfied into the same topological structure, with reduced distortion and assured precision.

Non-equal-interval direct optimizing Verhulst model that x(n) be taken as initial value and its application

To overcome the deficiencies of the existing Verhulst GM(1,1) model, based on the existing grey theory, a non-equal-interval direct optimum Verhulst GM(1,1) model is built which chooses a modified n-th component x(n) of X(0) as the starting condition of the grey differential model. It optimizes a modified β value and the background value, and takes two times fitting optimization. The new model extends equal intervals to non-equal-intervals and is suitable for general data modelling and estimating parameters of the direct Verhulst GM(1,1). The new model does not need to pre-process the primitive data, nor accumulate generating operation (AGO) and inverse accumulated generating operation (IAGO). It is not only suitable for equal interval data modelling, but also for non-equal interval data modelling. As the new information is fully used and two times fitting optimization is taken, the fitting accuracy is the highest in all existing models. The example shows that the new model is simple and practical. The new model is worth expanding on and applying in data processing or on-line monitoring for tests, social sciences and other engineering sciences.

The Application of Optimum Decision in Oilfield Development

The major steps of oilfield development are given in this paper. The optimal model of oilfield development is built and the methods of optimum decision analysis are studied. The solution and analysis of the optimal tactics have been set up according to the data collected in the oilfield.

Simulation of Potential Production and Optimum Population Quantitative Indices for the Second Hybrid Rice

The article established the HDRICE model by modifying the structure of the ORYZA1 model and revising its parameters by field experiments. The HDRICE model consists of the modules of morphological development of rice, daily dry matter accumulation and partitioning, daily CO2 assimilation of the canopy, leaf area, and tiller development. The model preferably simulated the dynamic rice development because of the thorough integration of the effects of temperature and light on the rates of rice development, photosynthesis, respiration, and. other ecophysiological processes. In addition, this model has attainable grain yield in the test experiment that showed the potential yield of cultivar Xieyou 46 ranged from 11 to 13 tons ha-~. Besides, the model was used to optimize the combinations of the transplanting date, seedling age and density for cultivar Xieyou 46 at Jinhua area, and the population quantitative indices to attain the potential yield such as maximum stems, effective panicles, filled grain number/leaf area, and so on. The result showed that the combination of transplanting date on July 25, seedling age of 35 days and base seedling density of 1.33 x 106ha-1 is the optimum combination for the second hybrid rice production in Jinhua County, China. And the maximum stems, the effective panicles, the filled grain per panicle, the peak of optimum LAI, LAI in later filling stage, and the filled grain number/leaf were 6.03×10^6ha, 3.99×10^6ha, 119.2, 8.59, 5-6, and 0.64, respectively.

Economic-Mathematical Method to Determine the Optimum Production in Underground Coal Mine

A method to determine optimum production is presented. First, based on analysis of various geological, technological and economic factors that influence the determination of underground mine capacity, a feasible range of production capacity is selected. Second, by means of scale economic theory and depletion feature of mineral resounce, an economicmathematical model that aimed at maximum net profit in the whole life of mine is developed to optimum production. The model was tested in a undergrond mine.

Symmetry and conservation laws for optimum design of open pit mines

The classical physics theory respectively obeys the three famous conservation laws referred to as charge conjugation, parity and time reverse, and the open pit block model is equal to a Newtonian mechanics system. Consequently, there would exist some correspondent symmetry principles and conservation laws within the 3D fixed block model of the deposit and the theory for the optimum design of the open pit mine. Reversing a series of relevant fundamental concepts, several conservation laws, which the theory for the optimum design of open pit mines should obey, as block weight conjugation, block model parity and combined symmetry of the both, were expounded. From the symmetry principle, the theoretic significance for a series of the current optimum techniques was discussed and explained, and a kind of conjugate heuristics which can check the error of itself was presented and demonstrated. Thus it is shown that the symmetry principle lays the foundations and opens up the prospects for the further research with mine design and scheduling problem.

Semi-Automatic Modeling Technique of Torque Converter Flow Passage

The modeling technique of hydrodynamic torque converter flow passage was investigated. The semi-automatic modeling technique of torque converter flow passage was proposed. The flow passage model of each converter wheel is considered as a revolution entity sliced by two curved surfaces. In order to generate the revolution entity, a new approximation method, condition optimum arc approximation, was proposed. The method was used to approximate the meridional streamlines of the inner and outer wall. As a result, the three-dimensional revolution entity can be conveniently generated. In order to create slice surfaces, the central stream surface of flow passage was approximated with a quadric surface. The normal vector of the quadric surface and the thickness/thickness-function of bade were used to calculate the discrete point coordinates of blade surfaces. Via the rotation transformation to the coordinates, the discrete point coordinates of slice surfaces were obtained. A parameterized program code used for the hydrodynamic torque converter design and semi-automatic modeling was developed. Modeling errors were calculated and analyzed. The flow passage model was generated in several minutes with the help of the program code, Auto CAD and Solidworks software. Finally, the model was inputted into Gambit, and the pre-processing task used for the numerical simulation of torque converter flow field was successfully completed. The investigation results show that the semi-automatic modeling not only can ensure the accuracy of modeling, but also librates the research and design workers of torque converter from the time-consuming modeling work, which paves the way for the numerical simulation of the complex flow field of the hydrodynamic torque converter.

振动压路机的能量传递模型与作业参数优化研究

为提高振动压路机作业过程的压实质量,研究了振动压路机的能量传递模型与作业参数优化。首先基于U-K方程建立“碾轮-被压实材料”的系统振动动力学模型,结合能量守恒提出振动压路机能量传递模型;然后以振动频率和压实速度作为寻优工作参数,构建路面压实质量的优化模型;最后通过案例验证证明了所提方法的可行性与有效性。结果表明:工作频率与被压实材料的固有频率比值保持在√2~2范围内,可避免共振带来的影响;初始阶段低速碾压,材料性能稳定后提高碾压速度可保证高效压实,得出振动频率在21.8~27 Hz、压实速度在2.36~2.91 km/s范围内,可达到最优的压实效果。所提的能量传递模型、作业参数优化模型为保障振动压路机压实质量奠定了基础,为提高振动压路机压实质量和效率提供了参考。

基于疫苗接种的SEIHRVI传染病模型分析与最优控制

为研究疫苗接种对控制传染病的影响,建立了具有标准发生率的传染病模型。通过推导得出模型的基本再生数,给出地方病平衡点的存在条件。借助构造Lyapunov函数证明了平衡点的全局稳定性。应用Pontryagin最大值原理分析了最优控制问题,得出最优控制策略。结果表明:提高疫苗接种率和效力能有效控制疾病传播;注意自我保护,及时接种以及重视治疗一定程度上可减小疾病爆发的规模。

基于耦合辐射模型的太阳能集热器倾角优化研究

为了使太阳能集热器获得更多的太阳辐射量,须对集热器倾角进行优化。文章在建立倾斜面太阳辐射计算模型的基础上,分别优化直接辐射、散射辐射的计算过程。以太阳能集热器运行期间倾斜面接收最大辐射量为求解目标,借助MATLAB对集热器倾角进行优化分析,得到月度最佳倾角和年度最佳倾角。其中天津地区的太阳能集热器年度最佳倾角为36.3°,比当地纬度略小;月度最佳倾角为10~64°,表现为夏季小冬季大的特点。相较于水平放置,在年度最佳倾角和月度最佳倾角下,太阳能集热器接收的年太阳辐射量可分别增加12.4%,17.3%;相较当地纬度作为倾角时,以月度最佳倾角值逐月调整接收的太阳辐射量可增加5.0%。分别以广州、拉萨、济南和长春为例,计算得到上述地区的年、月最佳倾角。对不同地区进行对比分析发现,直接辐射占比较高的地区逐月改变最佳倾角可获得更高的能量增益。

An Optimum Analysis Method of Sandwich Structures Made from Elastic-viscoelastic Materials

Due to a viscoelastic damping middle layer,sandwich structures have the capacity of energy consumption.In this paper,we describe the frequency-dependent property of viscoelastic materials using complex modulus model,and iterative modal strain energy method and iterative complex eigenvalue method are presented to obtain frequency and loss factor of sandwich structures.The two methods are effective and exact for the large-scale complex composite sandwich structures.Then an optimum analysis method is suggested to apply to sandwich structures.Finally,as an example,an optimum analysis of a clamped-clamped sandwich beams is conducted,theoretical closed-form solution and numerical predictions are studied comparatively,and the results agree well.

滨海盐碱稻区水稻氮肥适宜用量及运筹模式研究

通过在辽河三角洲滨海盐碱稻区设置田间小区试验,探明了不同氮肥用量(0~420 kg/hm^(2))和运筹模式(基肥∶蘖肥∶穗肥分别为6∶3∶1与4∶3∶3,以下简称6∶3∶1模式与4∶3∶3模式)对水稻生长发育以及产量品质的影响。通过对水稻分蘖动态调查研究表明,两种氮肥运筹模式下水稻平均茎蘖数均与施氮量呈显著正相关(r^(2)≥0.90),同时,6∶3∶1模式下氮肥用量对水稻平均茎蘖数的影响程度高于4∶3∶3模式。通过分析不同施氮量与产量的相关关系,发现了两者符合线性加平台肥料效应模型,拟合得到6∶3∶1模式与4∶3∶3模式下的最佳施氮量(EONR)分别为216 kg/hm^(2)(210~235 kg/hm^(2))与316 kg/hm^(2)(300~332 kg/hm^(2)),6∶3∶1模式的EONR比4∶3∶3模式高46.3%。通过考查两种氮肥运筹模式下的氮素利用率指标,发现4∶3∶3模式下各处理氮素利用率(37.2%~40.8%)显著高于6∶3∶1模式(29.9%~34.2%)。通过分析稻米营养与食味品质,在兼顾产量的前提下,再次明确了6∶3∶1模式与4∶3∶3模式下适宜氮肥用量分别为300~332与210~235 kg/hm^(2)。综合考虑水稻产量、氮素利用率以及稻米品质3个指标,推荐辽河三角洲滨海盐碱稻区的适宜氮肥施用量为210~235 kg/hm^(2),最宜采用的氮肥运筹模式为4∶3∶3。研究结果可以为辽河三角洲盐碱稻区合理施肥与氮肥高效利用提供切实的技术指导,为该地区水稻产业绿色发展提供理论支撑。

基于阻抗优化的电缆环流抑制装置参数设计

针对现有高压电缆金属护套环流抑制装置投入和退出缺乏灵活性,确定抑制阻抗数值时未考虑护套感应电压超标、功率损耗过大等问题,设计了一种能根据现场情况对护套环流抑制阻抗进行动态投入或退出的环流抑制装置。首先,阐述了该抑制装置的结构和动作流程;接着分析了抑制阻抗分别为纯电阻、纯电感和电阻电感组合三种类型时护套环流、感应电压和护套损耗的变化特性;在此基础上,建立优化模型求解满足护套环流和感应电压要求时使功率损耗最小的最佳阻抗值,基于最佳阻抗值对晶闸管等元件的参数进行配置。结果表明,所提方法可以得到满足工程要求的电缆抑制阻抗最优值,实现良好的环流抑制效果。