Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid regulates tissue inflammation and apoptosis in mice with influenza virus pneumonia

Background:The influenza A virus is the primary cause of respiratory infections and poses a global health risk.Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid(PDL)exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties.PDL is commonly employed in clinical practice to manage upper respiratory tract infections.However,there is still much to uncover regarding its potential therapeutic mechanism.Methods:Institute of cancer research mice were infected with influenza A virus via nasal drip.The general state of the mice,lung index,and lung index inhibition rate were used to evaluate the efficacy of PDL.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,western blotting,and immunohistochemistry were used to observe the presence of proteins and cytokines in the lung tissue.Apoptosis was evaluated using the TUNEL assay.Results:PDL improved the mental state of influenza A virus-infected mice,reduced the lung index,and inhibited viral replication.The expression of interleukin-1βand tumor necrosis factor-αwere decreased,whereas the expression of interleukin-10 in the lung tissue was increased due to PDL treatment.In addition,PDL treatment modulated Toll-like receptor 4 and MyD88 expressions in the lung tissues.PDL significantly reduced apoptosis and decreased cleaved caspase-3 and PARP levels,whereas increased B-cell lymphoma-2 expression in the lung tissue.Notably,the moderate-dose group of PDL exhibited a more pronounced effect.These findings indicate that PDL exerts a protective effect against pneumonia injury in influenza A virus-infected mice.Conclusion:PDL inhibited the inflammatory response and regulated apoptosis by regulating Toll-like receptor 4 and MyD88 protein expressions,thereby protecting the lung tissue from viral infection-induced lung tissue injury.

Pharmacodynamic study in multi-animal models on the efficacy and optimal dosage of antiviral oral liquid for children

Antiviral Oral Liquid(AOL)is an adult medicine in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia used to treat upper respiratory infections such as influenza.It has shown promising clinical efficacy in relieving flu-like symptoms such as fever,inflammation,and pharyngalgia both in adults and children.However,the instruction manual does not specify the exact usage and dosage of AOL for children.In this article,we set 6 dosage ranges:0.2,0.5,0.7,0.9,1.1,1.4 mL/kg/d,according to its dosage for adults and the conversion method between adult and children dosage.And six animal models were used to evaluate the effectiveness of AOL in different doses.The results indicated that AOL could reduce the lung index,virus load,and expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the lung.AOL could improve pathological changes and prolong the survival time of mice infected by the Influenza A virus(H1N1)A/PR/8/34 strains at 0.5–0.9 mL/kg/d concentrations in different degrees.The four dose groups of 0.7–1.4 mL/kg/d could significantly inhibit the ear shell swelling caused by xylene and reduce the rabbit body temperature induced by lipopolysaccharide(P<0.01,P<0.05).All the five dosage groups of 0.2–1.1 mL/kg/d could inhibit the increase of peritoneal capillary permeability induced by glacial acetic acid(P<0.01).AOL at 0.7 and 0.9 mL/kg/d reduced the painful writhing times in young mice induced by glacial acetic(P<0.01).These results indicated that the optimal dose of AOL in antiviral,antipyretic,anti-inflammatory,and analgesic effects is 0.7 mL/kg/d.

Efficacy evaluation of Shenlan oral liquid in the treatment of experimental thrombosis and hyperlipidemia

Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of Shenlan oral liquid on thrombosis rats and hyperlipidemia mice.Methods:Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups randomly:the control group,the Shenlan oral liquid groups(high dosage and low dosage),and the positive control group.Rats in the control group were treated with dd water intragastriclly;in the positive control group,rats were treated intragastric with aspirin.Rats were treated with different drugs intragastric for continuous 22 d.In the hyperlipidemia experiment,mice were fed with high-fat diet to induce hyperlipidemia model mice,then randomly divided into five groups;the control group,the model group,the atorvastatin calcium positive control group,and the Shenlan oral liquid groups(high dosage and low dosage).The serum lipid and body weight changes of mice were observed after 6 weeks.Animals in Shenlan oral liquid high and low dosage were treated intragastric with six times and double the clinical dose.Results:After treatment,the mix blocking rate and average blocking rate of the vascular after electrical stimulation were obviously reduced in aspirin group,and Shenlan oral liquid high and low dose groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The maximum aggregation rate was significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the normal coagulation function was not affected.In the treatment of hyperlipidemia,the effects of Shenlan oral liquid were measured on the total cholesterol(TC),triacylglycerol(total triglyceride,TG),low density lipoprotein(LDL-C)and high-density lipoprotein(HDL-C)with the hyperlipidemia mice.After 2 weeks administration,the serum TG level of Shenlan oral liquid high-dose group decreased compared with the model group.The TG level of serum in Shenlan oral liquid high-dose group significantly decreased compared with the model group from the fourth week(P<0.05).After 6 weeks administration,Shenlan oral liquid high-dose and low-dose group and positive drugs reached to the same therapeutic effect.Compared with model group,serum TG level was significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:Shenlan oral liquid can decrease the thrombosis formation in rats and inhibit the lipid level in blood in hyperlipidemia mice.

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Efficacy and Safety of Xuefu Zhuyu Oral Liquid(血府逐瘀口服液)in the Treatment of Migraine

Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xuefu Zhuyu Oral Liquid(血府逐瘀口服液)in the treatment of migraine.Methods:All randomized controlled trials(RCTs)on the treatment of migraine with Xuefu Zhuyu Oral Liquid were screened out by systematically searching Cochrane Library,Pub Med,Embase,Web of Science,VIP,Wanfang,CNKI and CBM database from database establishment to March 2023.Literature screening was conducted strictly according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and the quality of the finally included RCTs was evaluated according to the Cochrane Handbook.All data analyses were completed using Rev Man 5.4 software provided by the Cochrane Collaboration.Results:A total of 8 RCTs involving 706 patients were included.Meta-analysis showed that Xuefu Zhuyu Oral Liquid alone(RR=1.22,95%CI[1.11,1.33],P<0.0001)or combined with conventional treatment(RR=1.19,95%CI[1.11,1.28],P<0.0001)was superior to conventional treatment alone in improving the severity of headache attacks and reducing recurrence.Three studies mentioned mild adverse reactions in individual patients during the treatment process,such as transient diarrhea,lethargy,etc.,which were not directly related to Xuefu Zhuyu Oral Liquid.Conclusion:Based on the existing data and meta-analysis results,Xuefu Zhuyu Oral Liquid alone or combined with conventional treatment can improve the total effective rate of migraine treatment,alleviate headache symptoms,reduce recurrence and adverse events.In the future,large-scale and high-quality original studies are needed to further verify the efficacy and safety of Xuefu Zhuyu Oral Liquid in the treatment of migraine,and provide a reference for the clinical medication of migraine.

Systematic Evaluation and Meta-analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Zhichuanling Oral Liquid (止喘灵口服液) in the Treatment of Bronchial Asthma

Objective:To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Zhichuanling Oral Liquid(止喘灵口服液)in the treatment of bronchitis asthma.Methods:A systematic search of CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,CBM,Cochrane Library,PubMed,Embase and Web of Science was conducted to screen out randomized controlled trials of Zhichuanling Oral Liquid in the treatment of bronchial asthma.Meta-analysis and systematic evaluation of the included studies were conducted to finally included researches using the Cochrane Handbook 5.1 evaluation standard tool and RevMan 5.3 software.Results:Five studies were included,with a total sample size of 354 cases,176 in experimental group and 178 in control group.Meta-analysis showed that the total effective rate of Zhichuanling Oral Liquid combined with conventional treatment was better than that of conventional treatment alone(RR=1.27,95%CI[1.13-1.42],P<0.0001).Conclusion:Based on the existing data and methods,Zhichuanling Oral Liquid combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of bronchial asthma can improve the total effective rate.However,the quality of the included studies is not high and the number is small,so it is necessary to adopt clinical trial protocols with large samples,rigorous design and in line with international standards to improve the quality of evidence in the future.

Research on Safety of Manhuning Oral Liquid to Chicken

This study aimed to evaluate the safety of Manhuning oral liquid and to provide safety basis for clinical treatment. A total of 120 chickens of 14 days old were selected. After one week of adaptive feeding, they were evenly and randomly divided into four groups： one time the therapeutic dose （T1）, three times the therapeutic dose （T2）, five times the therapeutic dose （T3） and control （CK）. In different groups, the chickens were fed with Manhuning oral liquid according to the set doses for one week. At the beginning and at the end of the experiment, total 10 chickens were selected randomly from each group, respectively. They were weighed, and their blood was sampled for determination of routine blood indexes and examination of liver and kidney function. Organ indexes were determined, and pathological examination was conducted for the head, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of the chickens. The results showed that the body mass gain and organ indexes differed insignificantly among different groups （P〉0.05）. No significant differences were found in the routine blood indexes, serum ALT activity, albumin content, creatinine content and urea content among different groups before and after the experiment （P〉0.05）. After the administration, the head, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of the chickens showed no obvious abnormalities. In shod, Manhuning oral liquid had little impact on the physiological and biochemical indexes and had no toxic effects on the head, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of chickens, and it is a low-toxicity safe veterinary drug preparation.

HPLC Fingerprint with Multi-components Analysis for Quality Consistency Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Si-Mo-Tang Oral Liquid Preparation

Si-Mo-Tang（SMT） oral liquid preparation, a traditional Chinese medicine, was prepared from four crude herbal drugs, Fructus Aurantii Submaturus, Radix Aucklandiae, Semen Arecae and Radix Linderae Aggregatae. A combinative method using HPLC fingerprint and quantitative analysis was developed and validated for quality consistency evaluation of SMT. Individual HPLC chromatograms were evaluated against the mean chromatogram generated via a similarity evaluation computer program. Data from chromatographic fingerprints were also processed with principal component analysis（PCA） and hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA）. Additionally, six components （naringin, isonaringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, norisoboldine and potassium sorbate） in SMT were simultaneously determined to interpret the quality consistency. For fingerprint analysis, 20 peaks were selected as the characteristic peaks to evaluate the similarities of 26 SMT collected from different manufacturers. Among the 20 characteristic peaks, 10 peaks were assigned to be naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, isonaringin, neoeriocitrin, tangeretin, nobiletin, norisoboldine, 5-（ethoxymethyl）furan-2-carbaldehyde and potassium sorbate, respectively. The results of similarity analysis, PCA and HCA, indicate that the samples from different manufacturers were consistent with each other in composition. The results from the quantitative data show that the contents of six compounds were significantly different in SMT oral liquid preparations from different manufacturers. The combinative method of chromatographic fingerprint with quantitative analysis developed here offered an efficient way for the quality consistency evaluation of the traditional Chinese medicine SMT.

Study on the Effects of Guiqi Oral Liquid (归芪口服液) in Promoting Recovery of Hematopoiesis in AcuteIrradiation Injured Mice

Objective： To explore the effects and possible mechanisms of Guiqi Oral Liquid （归芪口服液, GQOL） on the recovery of hematopoiesis in acute irradiation injured mice. Methods： The acute irradiation injured mice were randomly divided into 2 groups： the treated group and the control group, and also a normal control group was set up with 6 mice in it receiving no treatment. After the mice in the former two groups were irradiated by 6.0 Gy ^60Coγ-ray, every one of them was given 0.4 ml GQOL or saline in equal volume through a gastric tube twice a day for 14 days. On the 4th, 8th and 14th day after irradiation, the bone marrow mononuclear cells （BMMNC） and megakaryocytes in bone marrow tissues of the mice were counted, the proportion of hematopoietic tissues （by area） was measured, and the expression of adhesion molecules, CD44 and CD54, in bone marrow were estimated by immunochemistry. The colony forming unit of spleen （CFU-S） in the mice were counted on the 8th day after irradiation. Results： On the 4th, 8th, 14th day after irradiation, the count of BMMNC and megakaryocyte, and the proportion of hematopoietic tissues in the treated group were higher than those in the control group （P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）. CD44 and CD54 expression in the treated group were higher than those in the control group on the 4th and 8th day （P〈0.01）, but near normal on the 14th day （P〈0.01）. On the 8th day, CFU-S count in the treated group was higher than that in the control group （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： GQOL can regulate the expression of adhesion molecules, CD44 and CD54, in the bone marrow of the acute irradiation injured mice, which may be one of the mechanisms of GQOL in accelerating the early phase hematopoiesis recovery of mice.

Effect of Lirukang Oral Liquid(利乳康口服液) on Neurotransmitters and Estrogen in Rats with Hyperplasia of Mammary Gland

Objective: To investigate the effects of Lirukang oral liquid (LRK, 利乳康口服液) on release of neurotransmitter in rats with hyperplasia of mammary glands (HMG) and to explore its mechanism. Methods: Sixty rats were divided into six groups, the normal control group, the model control group, the large dosage (3.6g/kg) and the small dosage (1.8g/kg ) LRK groups, the Ruzengning (乳增宁, RZN, 2.5g/kg) group and the tamoxifen (TAM, 5mg/kg) group, 10 in each group. Except those in the normal control group, all the animals were made into rat model of HMG by intraperitoneal injection of estradiol benzoate. Levels of dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in hypothalamus and mammary gland in rats were detected by fluorescence luminosity assay, and level of prolactin (PRL) in serum was detected by radioimmunoassay. Results: In the model group, the level of DA reduced significantly ( P<0. 01), and 5-HT and PRL increased obviously ( P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the LRK groups of both dosages and the TAM group had their level of DA significantly increased (P<0. 01), and level of 5-HT significantly decreased ( P<0.01). The serum PRL in both LRK groups was significantly decreased ( P<0. 01). No obvious changes in DA, 5-HT and PRL were found in the RZN group. Conclusion: LRK and TAM have similar effects in regulating the release of neurotransmitter in hypothalamus and mammary gland and serum content of estrogen in the animal models of HMG.

Effects of fufang yimucao oral liquid on acute ache model mice

BACKGROUND： Fufang yimucao oral liquid has markedly effects on ameliorating circulation, restraining uterine constriction induced by oxytocin, alleviating dysmenorrhea, as a traditional medicine on promoting blood circulation by removing blood stasis, yimucao could ameliorate abnormal hemorrheological when hemorrhagic shock happens, enhance the hemoperfusion of organs and actively react on the result of hemorrhagic shock. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the abirritation offufang yimucao oral liquid on pain model mice induced by hot board method and acetic acid twist body method and dysmenorrhea model mice induced by estradiol. DESIGN： Entirely randomly grouping and control experiment. SETTING： Pharmacological Laboratory, Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MATERIALS： A total of 200 female Kunming genus mice of grade 2 and weighing 18- 21 g were collected. Fufang yimucao oral liquid, mainly consist ofyimucao, danggui, chuanxiong, muxiang, and so on, was produced by Henan Joyline ＆ Joysun Pharmaceutical Stock Co., Ltd. （batch number： 050701）; yimucao oral liquid was produced by Shangqiu Lvyuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. （batch number： 050108）; estradiol slice by Shanghai Xinyi Kangjie Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. （batch number： 050301）; YSL-6A intelligence hot plate instrument by Shandong Equipments Station of the Medical Science. METHODS： The experiment was carried out in the Animal Experiment Center of the Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August to November 2005. The high-, middle- and low-dosage fufang yimucao oral liquid in the experiment was 1, 0.5 and 0.25 in volume fraction, respectively, andyimucao oral liquid was 0.5. ① Among 80 mice, 60 mice were eligible in pain threshold tested by hot plate, and randomly dividing into 5 groups with 12 in each group. Mice in the high-, middle- and low-dose fufang yimucao oral liquid groups were perfused with 1 mL, 0.5 mL and 0.25 mL/mLfufang yimucao, and mice in the yimucao group and saline group were perfused with the same volume yimucao oral liquid and saline, respectively, once a day for 3 successive days. Half an hour and one hour after administration for the last time, the range of pain was tested in hot plate and the increasing numerical value was counted. ② Another 60 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups. The grouping ways, numbers of animal and administration were as the same as those mentioned above. Forty minutes after administration for the last time, mice were given the celiac injecting with the fresh acetic acid, then observed and registered the delitescence of turned body and the times of turning in 10 minutes. ③ The rest of 60 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups with 10 in each group. The five groups were divided as the same as mentioned above, and the last group was the blank control group. Mice in the 5 former groups were given synestrin tablets CMC suspension with the dose of 2 mg/kg, 0.1 g/L and 0.2 mL/10 g once a day for 12 successive days. Ten days later, mice were administrated as the same ways and dosage mentioned above. Mice in blank control group were perfused with the same volume of saline. Two days after modeling and 40 minutes after administration, mice were injected with oxytocin to observe the latent period and the frequency of twisting reaction in 10 minutes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Effect offufangyimucao oral liquid on mice pain model induced by hot board method, twisting body response induced by acetic acid and mice dysmenorrhea model. RESULTS： ① Effect offufang yimucao oral liquid on mice pain model induced by hot board： Thirty minutes after administration, the pain threshold ofyimucao oral liquid group and high-, middle- and low-dose fufang yimucao oral liquid groups were respectively （25.42 ± 2.10）, （22.40 ± 3.42）, （25.24± 2.51 ） and （ 19.80 ±2.00） s, which were markedly higher than saline group [（17.98± 1.68） s, P 〈 0.05 - 0.01]. Sixty minutes after administration, the pain threshold ofyimucao oral liquid group and high-, middle- and low-dosefufang yimucao oral liquid groups were respectively （27.42 ± 2.17）, （23.83 ± 2.66）, （27.64 ± 2.64） and （21.51 ± 2.41 ） s, which were markedly higher than saline group [（17.8± 1.75） s, P 〈 0.01]. ② Effect offufangyimucao oral liquid on twisting body response induced by celiac injecting acetic acid： The twisting body latent period of yimucao oral liquid group and high-, middle- and low-dose fufang yimucao oral liquid groups were respectively （2.43±0.19）, （2.09±0.20）, （2.60±0.14） and （1.85±0.35） s, which were markedly higher than saline group [（1.45±0.22） s, P 〈 0.01]. The twisting body times in 10 minutes ofyimucao oral liquid group and high-, middle- and low-dose fufang yimucao oral liquid groups were respectively （14.8 ±4.0）, （15.8 ± 3.5）, （12.2±3.7） and （18.7±3.3） times, which were markedly lower than saline group [（25.0±5.0） times, P 〈 0.01]. ③ Effect offufangyimucao oral liquid on mice dysmenorrhea model： After injecting estradiol, the twisting body latent period ofyimucao oral liquid group and high-, middle- and Iow-dosefufangyimucao oral liquid groups were respectively （61.8±20.8）, （105.8±29.8）, （78.9± 14.0） and （71.9±20.0） s, which were higher than the saline group [（31.6± 14.71） s, P 〈 0.01]. The twisting body times in 10 minutes of yimucao oral liquid group and high-, middle- and low-dose fufang yimucao oral liquid groups were respectively （18.1± 4.2）, （9.5 ±2.8）, （16.2 ± 3.5） and （19.9 ±4.6） times, which were lower than the saline group [（28.5 ±4.7） times, P 〈 0.01]. CONCLUSION： Fufang yimucao oral liquid has a good effect on abirritation, condignly as yimucao oral liquid, besides it does not have obvious dependent effect.

Effect of Tongmai Jiangzhi Oral Liquid (通脉降脂口服液) on Serum P-selectin, von Willebrand Factors and D-Dimer in Patients with Atherosclerosis

Objective: To explore the role of cytokines on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and the effect of Tongmai Jiangzhi oral liquid (通脉降脂口服液,TMJZ) on cytokines through observing serum P-se-lectins (Ps), von Willebrand (vWF), and D-dimer (D-D) in atherosclerosis (AS) patients. Methods: Sixty-three AS patients were randomly divided into the treated group (n = 33, treated with TMJZ, 10 ml each time, three times a day) and the control group (n = 30, treated with Lovastatin, 10 mg, once daily). The levels of serum lipids (enzymatic methods), Ps, vWF, and D-D were measured before and after 8 weeks of treatment. Results: Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apo-protein B-100 (apoB-100) were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P< 0.01) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly raised (P<0.05) after TMJZ treatment. Serum Ps, vWF, and D-D also declined (P<0.05) after treatment. There was no significant difference between the treated and the control groups in these parameters except serum HDL-C level. Conclusion: TMJZ has good therapeutic effect in regulating serum lipids, improving endothelial cell function, inhibiting activation of platelets, and preventing the disturbance of blood coagulation/fibrinolysis function in patients with AS.

The Therapeutic Effects of Rehmannia Oral Liquid for the Syndrome of Heat Accumulation with Yin Consumption in Esophagus Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy——A Report of 60 Cases

Objective: To observe the clinical therapeutic effects of Rehmannia Oral Liquid on the syndrome of heat accumulation with Yin consumption in intermediate or late esophagus cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Methods: The IFN-α, TNF-α, IL-1β and TGF-β1 levels in sera were determined by the method of ABC-WLISA before and after the treatment with Rehmannia Oral Liquid. At the same time, the observation was carried out on the patient's general condition, symptoms and signs, barium meal or CT examinations, and biopsy. Another 30 cases of esophagus cancer were treated singly with radiotherapy as the control group. Results: Rehmannia Oral Liquid could obviously improve the patient's general condition, and the symptoms and signs after radiotherapy. Based on the X-ray examination and biopsy, the short-term local control rate of the treatment group and the control group was 70.0% and 40.0% respectively, showing a significant difference (P<0.05). Before the treatment, the level of serum IFN-α of both cancer groups was lower and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and TGF-β1 were higher than that of normal group. After treatment, the level of IFN-α in both treatment group and control group increased significantly (P<0.01), and the treatment group improved more obviously than the control group (P<0.05). The level of TNF-α of both groups decreased significantly (P<0.01) after treatment, and the level of IL-1β decreased in treatment group and increased in control group without the significant difference as compared with that before treatment. The level of TGF-β1 was significantly increased in control group (P<0.05) and decreased in treatment group (P>0.05) after treatment. The difference between groups was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Rehmannia Oral Liquid can obviously reduce the radiotherapy reaction, improve the quality of life, and raise the therapeutic effects. The action mechanism of the Liquid may lie in balancing the cytokine network and regulating the disordered signal transmission.

Qingfei oral liquid downregulates TRPV1 expression to reduce airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion injury caused by respiratory syncytial virus infection and asthma in mice

Objective:Qingfei oral liquid(QF),an experimental Chinese medicine prescription developed from the ancient priscription of traditional Chinese medicines Ma Xin Shi Gan decoction and Tingli Dazao Xie Fei decoction,has been effectively used since decades to treat patients with viral pneumonia and asthma.In our previous study,we had demonstrated that QF can significantly reduce airway hyperresponsiveness,hyperemia,lung tissue edema,inflammatory lung tissue infiltration in mice,airway mucus secretion,and peripheral airway collagen hyperplasia;however,its mechanism of action is unknown.Methods:Fifty 6–8-week-old male BALB/c mice were equally and randomly divided into five groups:the control,ovalbumin(OVA),OVA+respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),QF,and dexamethasone(Dxms)groups.The QF group was administered QF at 1.17 g·kg−1·d−1,the Dxms group received dexamethasone injections at 0.2 mg·kg−1·d−1,and the remaining groups were administered PBS.Inflammation in the lung tissue was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin(HE),periodic acid–Schiff(PAS),and Van Gieson staining.ELISA was used to evaluate the IL-13,IL-25,and IL-33 in the mice.Western blotting was used to examine changes in the proteins levels of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1(TRPV1)and mucin 5AC(MUC5AC)in the lung tissues of mice.Results:Histopathological evaluation revealed that the OVA and OVA+RSV groups exhibited lung tissue edema and inflammatory lung tissue infiltration in the HE staining and airway secretions in the PAS staining;collagen hyperplasia around the airway was increased in these two groups compared with the control group.The QF group exhibited significantly reduced lung tissue edema,inflammatory lung tissue infiltration,airway secretions,and collagen hyperplasia around the airway compared with the OVA+RSV group.We analyzed the serum levels of IL-13,IL-25,and IL-33 in the mice and found that these levels were higher in the OVA and OVA+RSV groups than in the control group(P<0.05 in the OVA group,P<0.01 in the OVA+RSV group).The QF group exhibited significantly decreased serum levels of IL-13,IL-25,and IL-33 compared with the OVA+RSV group(all P<0.05).The Dxms group also exhibited significant decreases in the serum levels of IL-13 and IL-33(all P<0.05)but no significant decrease in the serum levels of IL-25 compared with the RSV+OVA group.Finally,we examined the protein levels of TRPV1 and MUC5AC in the lung tissues of mice using Western blotting.After identifying RSV infection in the mice with asthma,the protein levels of TRPV1 and MUC5AC in the lung tissues of mice were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01).We found that compared with RSV+OVA,QF can significantly downregulate the protein level of TRPV1;further,the protein level of MUC5AC was also significantly reduced(all P<0.001).Conclusion:QF can inhibit RSV replication and reduce airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion injury caused by RSV infection and asthma,and its mechanism of action may be associated with the downregulation of TRPV1 expression and a decrease in airway mucus hypersecretion injury.

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Biyuanshu Oral Liquid in the Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis

[Objectives]The objective was to study the clinical efficacy and safety of Biyuanshu oral liquid in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS).[Methods]Randomized controlled trial was adopted to conduct scientific and standardized assessment on the risk of bias in the included papers.With overall effect and incidence of adverse reactions as indices,meta-analysis was performed,and sensitivity and safety analysis was conducted on the included literature.[Results]A total of 15 papers were included,involving 1489 patients.The efficiency of Biyuanshu oral liquid combined with Western medicine was better than that of Western medicine alone.[Conclusions]Biyuanshu oral liquid is safe and effective in treating chronic rhinosinusitis,and is suitable for patients who are not convenient for surgery.However,as the 15 papers included are all low in quality and there is a certain degree of publication bias,the objectivity of the results is affected to some extent.

Mechanism of Zixinyin oral liquid in the treatment of insomnia based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Objective:To explore the molecular mechanism of Zixinyin oral liquid(ZOL)in the treatment of insomnia.Methods:The compounds and action targets of four herbal medicines in ZOL were collected via Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform.Genes corresponding to the targets were queried from the UniProt database.Genecards database was searched to screen the related targets of insomnia.A Gene Ontologyfunction enrichment analysis and a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomespathway enrichment analysis were performed by Database for Annotation,Visualization and Integrated Discovery.AutoDock software was used for molecular docking to verify the results of network analysis.Results:A total of 47 effective compounds and 187 potential targets of ZOL were screened out from the four drugs.A total of 2592 disease targets were screened out from the genecards database,and there were 1576 genes whose relevance score≥0.5.46 genes were obtained by taking the intersection of 187 potential targets of ZOL and 1,576 targets of insomnia.A total of 3,405 entries were obtained from Gene Ontologyfunctional enrichment(P<0.05).A total of 195 signaling pathways were obtained through a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomespathway analysis(P<0.05).Tumor necrosis factor,interleukin 17and hypoxia inducible factor-1signaling pathways were closely related to insomnia.The results of molecular docking show that all the core compounds of ZOL had a certain degree of affinity with gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1(GABRA1)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α).Paeoniflorgenone shows the highest affinity with GABRA1,and beta-sitosterol shows the highest affinity withTNF-α.ZOLmay have a therapeutic effect on insomnia through its action on targets such as GABRA1 and TNF-α,meanwhile regulating many signaling pathways.

NIR assignment of isopsoralen by 2D-COS technology and model application in Yunkang Oral Liquid

Near infrared(NIR)assignment of Isopsoralen was performed using deuterated chloroform solvent and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy(2D-COS)technology.Yunkang Oral Liquid was applied to study Isopsoralen,the characteristic bands by spectral assignment as well as the bands by interval partial least squares(iPLS)and synergy interval partial least squares(siPLS)were used to establish partial least squares(PLS)model.The coefficient of determination in calibration(R^(2)_(cal))were 0.9987,0.9970 and 0.9982.The coefficient of determination in cross validation(R^(2)_(val)) T were 0.9985,0.9921 and 0.9982.The coe±cient of determination in prediction(R^(2)_(pre)) T were 0.9987,0.9955 and 0.9988.The root mean square error of calibration(RMSEC)were 0.27,0.40 and 0.31 ppm.The root mean square error of cross validation(RMSECV)were 0.30,0.67 and 0.32 ppm.The root mean square error of prediction(RMSEP)were 0.23,0.43 and 0.22 ppm.The residual predictive deviation(RPD)were 31.00,16.58 and 32.41.It turned out that the characteristic bands by spectral assignment had the same results with the chemometrics methods in PLS model.It provided guidance for NIR spectral assignment of chemical compositions in Chinese Materia Medica(CMM).

Effect of Shuanghuanglian Propolis Oral Liquid on Immune Function of Broilers

The effects on immune function of broilers was studied by adding different doses of Shuanghuanglian propolis oral liquid in drinking water, to provide a theoretical basis for application and promotion of Shuanghuanglian propolis oral liquid. Ninety one-day-old broilers were randomly divided into three groups ： group I was designed as control; groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were added with 0.5 and 1.0 mL/L Shuanghuanglian propolis oral liquid in drinking water, respectively. Compared with group I, all tested indicators in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were increased at varying degrees as follows ： bursa of fabricius index increased by 5.74% （P 〈 0.05 ） and 7.66% （P 〈 0.05 ） ; thymus index increased by 1.47% （P 〉 0.05 ） and 2.06% （P 〈 0.05 ） ; spleen index increased by 5.88% （P 〉 0.05 ） and 7.84% （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; Newcastle disease virus （NDV） antibody titer increased by 11.99% （P 〈 0.05 ） and 16.94% （P 〈 0.05 ） ; IL-2 content increased by 2.71% （P 〉 0.05） and 4.52% （P 〈 0.05 ） ; IL -6 content increased by 4.04% （P 〉 0.05 ） and 7.26% （ P 〈 0.05 ）, respectively. The results showed that adding 0.5 and 1.0 mL/L Shuanghuangllan propolis oral liquid in drinking water could improve the immune function of broiler and immune effect of ND vaccine.

Effects of Shuanghuanglian Propolis Oral Liquid on Growth Performance and Intestinal Microflora of Broilers

[ Objective] The paper was to investigate the effects of adding different levels of Shuanghuanglian propelis oral liquid in drinking water on growth performance and intestinal microflora of broilers. [ Method] Ninety one-day-old broilers were randomly divided into three groups （group I, group 1I and group III）： group I was the control group, and groups II and III were added with 0.5 and 1.0 mL/L Shuanghuanglian prepolis oral liquid in drinking water, respec- tively. [ Result] Compared with broilers in group I, the average daily gains of broilers in group II and group III increased significantly （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; the feed gain ratio of broilers in group III was significandy lower than that in group I （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; the number of intestinal LactobaciUus spp. in group II and group III in- creased significantly （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; the number of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli in group lII decreased significantly （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; the number of Bgrdobacterium spp. increased significantly （ P 〈 0.05 ）. [ Conclusion] Adding 0.5 and 1.0 mL/L Shuanghuanglian propolis oral liquid in drinking water could improve growth performance and intestinal micreflora of broilers, and the dose of 1.0 mL/L is recommended in clinical application.

Antipyretic Effect and Action Mechanism of Jinzhen Oral Liquid

[Objectives]To investigate the antipyretic effect and action mechanism of Jinzhen Oral Liquid.[Methods]The yeast-induced fever model was used to determine the rectal temperature of rats at 6,8,and 10 h after yeast injection.The contents of IL-6 and TNF-αin the rat serum and the contents of 5-HT and NE in the hypothalamus were detected by radioimmunoassay;the model of yeast-induced fever in rat was established by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS),rectal temperature of the rats was determined,the contents of TNF-αand IL-1βin serum,cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and prostaglandin E2(PGE2)in hypothalamus were detected by radioimmunoassay.[Results]After the intervention of Jinzhen Oral Liquid,the body temperature of rats in the yeast-induced fever model was significantly reduced,the IL-6 and TNF-αcontents in serum were significantly reduced,the 5-HT content in the hypothalamus was significantly reduced,while the NE content was significantly increased;after 2 h of intraperitoneal injection of LPS,the body temperature of the model rats increased significantly;after the intervention of Jinzhen Oral Liquid,the increase in rectal temperature of LPS-induced fever model rats decreased,and the TNF-αand IL-1βcontents in serum and cAMP and PGE2 contents in hypothalamus of model rats were significantly decreased.[Conclusions]Jinzhen Oral Liquid has a significant antipyretic effect,and its action mechanism may be related to reducing the inflammatory factors in the serum,thereby inhibiting the generation of pyrogenic media in the hypothalamus.

The antipyretic effects of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid

Backgroud:To verify the antipyretic effect and mechanism of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid,and to provide evidence for the clinical application of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid.Methods:By designing three groups of experimental models of yeast-induced rat fever model,endotoxin-induced rabbit fever model,and para-influenza virus-induced rabbit fever model,the antipyretic effect and mechanism of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid were studied by measuring body temperature before and after treatment and the expressions of protein kinase A(PKA),protein kinase C,arginine vasopressin(AVP),prostaglandin E2 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)in hypothalamus after administration.Results:In the yeast-induced fever model of rats,the body temperature and PKA expression levels in different dose groups of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid were significantly different from those of the model group 1–3 h after treatment.In the rabbit fever model induced by endotoxin,different dosage groups of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid have obvious antipyretic effect on 1–3 h after the model is established,and can significantly reduce the expression of AVP and cAMP in hypothalamus.In the para-influenza virus-induced rabbit fever model,each dose group of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid has obvious antipyretic effect on 1–2 h after the model is established.Conclusion:Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid has good antipyretic effect on fever models induced by yeast,endotoxin and parainfluenza by regulating the expression of PKA,AVP,and cAMP.