Cholera continues to be one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among children and adults in developing countries. Vaccine against cholera is an approach in the control of this epidemic and pandemic d...Cholera continues to be one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among children and adults in developing countries. Vaccine against cholera is an approach in the control of this epidemic and pandemic disease. From the development of very early oral cholera vaccine, advances in vaccine development documented due to a good illustration of the epidemiology, outbreak strategy, and pathophysiology of the disease causing pathogen. The newer-generation oral cholera vaccines are safe and guarantee a high level of protection during outbreak settings for several years. Yet infants and young children in developing countries are hyporesponsive to vaccines and show poor protection against cholera. In this review, we survey and analyse our current knowledge on the etiology of cholera, its clinical manifestation, global epidemiology and elaborate the vaccine candidates, which are effective against the pathogen and the corresponding immune responses to the available vaccines. These reviews comprehensively cover the salient features of recent discoveries related to Vibrio cholerae virulence, past and present vaccine candidates and their advantages and disadvantages with their development strategies. We believe that the advances that have been included in this review will give a comprehensive insight to the prevention and control of cholera outbreaks and development of effective cholera vaccines.展开更多
目的:探讨口服轮状病毒减毒活疫苗(oral live attenuated rotavirus vaccine,ORV)与麻疹-风疹联合减毒活疫苗(measles and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine,MR)联合接种的可行性,为制定免疫规划程序提供可靠的科学依据。方法...目的:探讨口服轮状病毒减毒活疫苗(oral live attenuated rotavirus vaccine,ORV)与麻疹-风疹联合减毒活疫苗(measles and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine,MR)联合接种的可行性,为制定免疫规划程序提供可靠的科学依据。方法:设两种疫苗同时接种组和单苗接种组,观察疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)发生情况,接种前后、联合接种与单独接种组之间抗体几何平均滴度/浓度(GMT/GMC)、抗体阳性率和阳转率的差异。结果:各接种组临床反应都轻微,实验组与各对照组免前免后同种抗体GMT/GMC、阳性率,以及免后抗体阳转率,其差异均无显著意义(P>0.05)。结论:ORV与MR同时接种未发现严重异常反应和相互干扰免疫应答,可以同时接种。展开更多
文摘Cholera continues to be one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among children and adults in developing countries. Vaccine against cholera is an approach in the control of this epidemic and pandemic disease. From the development of very early oral cholera vaccine, advances in vaccine development documented due to a good illustration of the epidemiology, outbreak strategy, and pathophysiology of the disease causing pathogen. The newer-generation oral cholera vaccines are safe and guarantee a high level of protection during outbreak settings for several years. Yet infants and young children in developing countries are hyporesponsive to vaccines and show poor protection against cholera. In this review, we survey and analyse our current knowledge on the etiology of cholera, its clinical manifestation, global epidemiology and elaborate the vaccine candidates, which are effective against the pathogen and the corresponding immune responses to the available vaccines. These reviews comprehensively cover the salient features of recent discoveries related to Vibrio cholerae virulence, past and present vaccine candidates and their advantages and disadvantages with their development strategies. We believe that the advances that have been included in this review will give a comprehensive insight to the prevention and control of cholera outbreaks and development of effective cholera vaccines.
文摘目的:探讨口服轮状病毒减毒活疫苗(oral live attenuated rotavirus vaccine,ORV)与麻疹-风疹联合减毒活疫苗(measles and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine,MR)联合接种的可行性,为制定免疫规划程序提供可靠的科学依据。方法:设两种疫苗同时接种组和单苗接种组,观察疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)发生情况,接种前后、联合接种与单独接种组之间抗体几何平均滴度/浓度(GMT/GMC)、抗体阳性率和阳转率的差异。结果:各接种组临床反应都轻微,实验组与各对照组免前免后同种抗体GMT/GMC、阳性率,以及免后抗体阳转率,其差异均无显著意义(P>0.05)。结论:ORV与MR同时接种未发现严重异常反应和相互干扰免疫应答,可以同时接种。
