Hiccups are common, usually mild with no obvious cause and often resolve spontaneously. They are classified as transient, persistent and intractable depending on the duration. Drug induced hiccups have been reported i...Hiccups are common, usually mild with no obvious cause and often resolve spontaneously. They are classified as transient, persistent and intractable depending on the duration. Drug induced hiccups have been reported in medical literature but not common and corticosteroids are often cited. This report involved 2 male patients who developed persistent hiccups following use of oral dexamethasone for inflammatory conditions. The hiccups were severe and intolerable and could not stop despite use of metoclopramide and chlorpromazine. The hiccups only stopped following discontinuation of the dexamethasone. It should be noted that low dose of dexamethasone was used. Management of dexamethasone induced hiccups involves discontinuation of the drug, steroid rotation if the patient is steroid dependent and use of metoclopramide and chlorpromazine. Clinicians should be aware of this known but rare adverse effect of dexamethasone as it could be severe, distressful and negatively impart patients care. There is a need for a high index of suspicion whenever a patient develops hiccups while taking dexamethasone.展开更多
目的探讨经口腔前庭入路腔镜甲状腺切除术(endoscopic thyroidectomy using the oral vestibular approach,ETOVA)与传统颈部开放手术治疗女性甲状腺乳头状癌的安全性、有效性及美容效果。方法回顾性分析2019年1~12月行甲状腺乳头状癌...目的探讨经口腔前庭入路腔镜甲状腺切除术(endoscopic thyroidectomy using the oral vestibular approach,ETOVA)与传统颈部开放手术治疗女性甲状腺乳头状癌的安全性、有效性及美容效果。方法回顾性分析2019年1~12月行甲状腺乳头状癌根治术的120例女性患者的临床资料,分为经口腔前庭入路腔镜甲状腺手术组(腔镜组,n=60)和传统颈部开放手术组(开放组,n=60),对比两组患者术中及术后相关临床资料。结果两组患者年龄、肿瘤直径、中央区淋巴结清扫时间、中央区淋巴结清扫总数、中央区转移淋巴结数量、术后并发症、术后24 h疼痛评分、术后6个月疼痛评分均无统计学差异(P均>0.05)腔镜组手术总时长、术中失血量、术后引流量均大于开放组(P均<0.001),腔镜组术后满意度高。结论ETOVA在治疗甲状腺乳头状癌是安全、有效的,具有更好的美容效果,患者满意度高,可以考虑作为部分患者,尤其是年轻女性甲状腺乳头状癌患者的首选手术方案。展开更多
The authors performed a meta-analysis of case-control studies that addressed whether reproductive factors and oral contraceptive use were associated with breast cancer by searching the MEDLINE,PubMed,Proquest,Embase,S...The authors performed a meta-analysis of case-control studies that addressed whether reproductive factors and oral contraceptive use were associated with breast cancer by searching the MEDLINE,PubMed,Proquest,Embase,ScienceDirect,African Healthline,BMJ Health Intelligence and Chinese Periodical net databases for all English-language and Chinese-language papers published from January 1,1997 to December 31,2007.A total of 15 studies calculating pool ORs indicated that menopausal age>50 yr[odds ratio(OR),1.39;95%confidence interval(CI),1.22–1.57]and oral contraceptive use(OR,2.12*,“*”:summary OR was adjusted;95%CI,1.24–3.62)were correlated with the increase in breast cancer risk while the summary OR based on number of full-term pregnancies≥1(OR,0.63*;95%CI,0.60–0.68)and breast-feeding(OR,0.76;95%CI,0.64–0.90)indicated no association with breast cancer risk.The correlation was statistically significant.Menopausal age>50 yr and oral contraceptive use are positively correlated with an increase in breast cancer risk while breast-feeding and number of full-term pregnancies≥1 are protective factors.展开更多
文摘Hiccups are common, usually mild with no obvious cause and often resolve spontaneously. They are classified as transient, persistent and intractable depending on the duration. Drug induced hiccups have been reported in medical literature but not common and corticosteroids are often cited. This report involved 2 male patients who developed persistent hiccups following use of oral dexamethasone for inflammatory conditions. The hiccups were severe and intolerable and could not stop despite use of metoclopramide and chlorpromazine. The hiccups only stopped following discontinuation of the dexamethasone. It should be noted that low dose of dexamethasone was used. Management of dexamethasone induced hiccups involves discontinuation of the drug, steroid rotation if the patient is steroid dependent and use of metoclopramide and chlorpromazine. Clinicians should be aware of this known but rare adverse effect of dexamethasone as it could be severe, distressful and negatively impart patients care. There is a need for a high index of suspicion whenever a patient develops hiccups while taking dexamethasone.
文摘目的探讨经口腔前庭入路腔镜甲状腺切除术(endoscopic thyroidectomy using the oral vestibular approach,ETOVA)与传统颈部开放手术治疗女性甲状腺乳头状癌的安全性、有效性及美容效果。方法回顾性分析2019年1~12月行甲状腺乳头状癌根治术的120例女性患者的临床资料,分为经口腔前庭入路腔镜甲状腺手术组(腔镜组,n=60)和传统颈部开放手术组(开放组,n=60),对比两组患者术中及术后相关临床资料。结果两组患者年龄、肿瘤直径、中央区淋巴结清扫时间、中央区淋巴结清扫总数、中央区转移淋巴结数量、术后并发症、术后24 h疼痛评分、术后6个月疼痛评分均无统计学差异(P均>0.05)腔镜组手术总时长、术中失血量、术后引流量均大于开放组(P均<0.001),腔镜组术后满意度高。结论ETOVA在治疗甲状腺乳头状癌是安全、有效的,具有更好的美容效果,患者满意度高,可以考虑作为部分患者,尤其是年轻女性甲状腺乳头状癌患者的首选手术方案。
文摘The authors performed a meta-analysis of case-control studies that addressed whether reproductive factors and oral contraceptive use were associated with breast cancer by searching the MEDLINE,PubMed,Proquest,Embase,ScienceDirect,African Healthline,BMJ Health Intelligence and Chinese Periodical net databases for all English-language and Chinese-language papers published from January 1,1997 to December 31,2007.A total of 15 studies calculating pool ORs indicated that menopausal age>50 yr[odds ratio(OR),1.39;95%confidence interval(CI),1.22–1.57]and oral contraceptive use(OR,2.12*,“*”:summary OR was adjusted;95%CI,1.24–3.62)were correlated with the increase in breast cancer risk while the summary OR based on number of full-term pregnancies≥1(OR,0.63*;95%CI,0.60–0.68)and breast-feeding(OR,0.76;95%CI,0.64–0.90)indicated no association with breast cancer risk.The correlation was statistically significant.Menopausal age>50 yr and oral contraceptive use are positively correlated with an increase in breast cancer risk while breast-feeding and number of full-term pregnancies≥1 are protective factors.
