SAR regional all-azimuth observation orbit design for target 3D reconstruction

Three-dimensional(3D) synthetic aperture radar(SAR)extends the conventional 2D images into 3D features by several acquisitions in different aspects. Compared with 3D techniques via multiple observations in elevation, e.g. SAR interferometry(InSAR) and SAR tomography(TomoSAR), holographic SAR can retrieve 3D structure by observations in azimuth. This paper focuses on designing a novel type of orbit to achieve SAR regional all-azimuth observation(AAO) for embedded targets detection and holographic 3D reconstruction. The ground tracks of the AAO orbit separate the earth surface into grids. Target in these grids can be accessed with an azimuth angle span of360°, which is similar to the flight path of airborne circular SAR(CSAR). Inspired from the successive coverage orbits of optical sensors, several optimizations are made in the proposed method to ensure favorable grazing angles, the performance of 3D reconstruction, and long-term supervision for SAR sensors. Simulation experiments show the regional AAO can be completed within five hours. In addition, a second AAO of the same area can be duplicated in two days. Finally, an airborne SAR data process result is presented to illustrate the significance of AAO in 3D reconstruction.

Orbit Design for Twin-spacecraft Space VLBI

Space Very Long Baseline Interferometry(S-VLBI) is an aperture synthesis technique utilizing an array of radio telescopes including ground telescopes and space orbiting telescopes.It can achieve much higher spatial resolution than that from the ground-only VLBI.In this paper,a new concept of twin spacecraft S-VLBI has been proposed,which utilizes the space-space baselines formed by two satellites to obtain larger and uniform uv coverage without atmospheric influence and hence achieve high quality images with higher angular resolution.The orbit selections of the two satellites are investigated.The imaging performance and actual launch conditions are all taken into account in orbit designing of the twin spacecraft S-VLBI.Three schemes of orbit design using traditional elliptical orbits and circular orbits are presented.These design results can be used for different scientific goals.Furthermore,these designing ideas can provide useful references for the future Chinese millimeter-wave S-VLBI mission.

A Survey of Research on Service-Spacecraft Orbit Design

On-orbit service spacecraft orbit problem has been addressed for decades. The research of on-orbit service spacecraft orbit can be roughly divided into orbit design and orbit optimization. The paper mainly focuses on the orbit design problem. We simply summarize of the previous works, and point out the main content of the on-orbit service spacecraft orbit design. We classify current on-orbit service spacecraft orbit design problem into parking-orbit design, maneuvering-orbit design and servicing-orbit design. Then, we give a detail description of the three specific orbits, and put forward our own ideas on the existed achievements. The paper will provide a meaningful reference for the on-orbit service spacecraft orbital design research.

Free return orbit design and characteristics analysis for manned lunar mission

A circumlunar free return orbit design model that satisfies manned lunar mission constraints is established. By combining analytical method with numerical method,a serial orbit design strategy from initial value design to precision solution is proposed. A simulation example is given,and the conclusion indicates that the method has excellent convergence performance and precision. According to a great deal of simulation results solved by the method,the free return orbit characters such as accessible moon orbit parameters,return orbit parameters,transfer delta velocity,etc. are analyzed,which can supply references to constitute manned lunar mission orbit scheme.

Point return orbit design and characteristics analysis for manned lunar mission

Point return orbit(PRO) of manned lunar mission is constrained by both lunar parking orbit and reentry corridor associated with reentry position.Besides,the fuel consumption and flight time should be economy.The patched conic equations which are adaptive to PRO are derived first,the PRO is modeled with fuel and time constraints based on the design variables of orbit parameters with clear physical meaning.After that,by combining analytical method with numerical method,a serial orbit design strategy from initial value design to precision solution is proposed.Simulation example indicates that the method has excellent convergence performance and precision.According to a great deal of simulation results by the method,the PRO characteristics such as Moon centered orbit parameters,Earth centered orbit parameters,transfer velocity change,etc.are analyzed,which can supply references to the manned lunar mission orbit scheme.

Design of Geodetic SVLBI Satellite Orbit and Its Tracking Network

SVLBI （space very long baseline interferometry） has some important potential applications in geodesy and geodynamics, for which one of the most difficult tasks is to precisely determine the orbit of an SVLBI satellite. This work studies several technologies that will possibly be able to determine the orbit of a space VLBI satellite. Then, according to the types and charac- teristics of the satellite and the requirements for geodetic study and the geometry of the GNSS （GPS, GALILEO） satellite to track the space VLBI satellite, the six Keplerian elements of the SVLBI satellite （TEST-SVLBI） are determined. A program is designed to analyze the coverage area of space of different altitudes by the stations of the network, with which the tracking network of TEST-SVLBI is designed. The efficiency of tracking TEST-SVLBI by the network is studied, and the results are presented.

Orbit design and mission planning for global observation of Jupiter

This paper presents the method created by the National University of Defense Technology(NUDT)team in the 10th China Trajectory Optimization Competition,which entails a 3-year observation mission of 180 regions on Jupiter.The proposed method can be divided into three steps.First,a preliminary analysis and evaluation via an analytical method is undertaken to decide whether the third subtask of the mission,i.e.,exploring the Galilean moons,should be ignored.Second,a near-optimal orbit for magnetic field observation is designed by solving an analytical equation.Third,a set of observation windows and their sequence are optimized using a customized genetic algorithm.The final index obtained is 354.505,ranking second out of all teams partaking in the competition.

Orbit design for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA)

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a joint ESA-NASA mission for detecting low-frequency gravitational waves in the frequency range from 0.1 mHz to 1 Hz, by using accurate laser interferometry between three spacecrafts, which will be launched around 2018 and one year later reach their operational orbits around the Sun. In order to operate successfully, it is crucial for the constellation of the three spacecrafts to have extremely high stability. Based on the study of operational orbits for a 2015 launch, we design the operational orbits of beginning epoch on 2019-03-01, and introduce the method of orbit design and optimization. We design the orbits of the transfer from Earth to the operational orbits, including launch phase and separation phase; furthermore, the relationship between energy requirement and flight time of these two orbit phases is investigated. Finally, an example of the whole orbit design is presented.

Trajectory and Correction Maneuver During the Transfer from Earth to Halo Orbit

This article addresses the design of the trajectory transferring from Earth to Halo orbit, and proposes a timing closed-loop strategy of correction maneuver during the transfer in the frame of circular restricted three body problem （CR3BP）. The relation between the Floquet multipliers and the magnitudes of Halo orbit is established, so that the suitable magnitude for the aerospace mission is chosen in terms of the stability of Halo orbit. The stable manifold is investigated from the Poincar6 mapping defined which is different from the previous researches, and six types of single-impulse transfer trajectories are attained from the geometry of the invariant manifolds. Based on one of the trajectories of indirect transfer which are ignored in the most of literatures, the stochastic control theory for imperfect information of the discrete linear stochastic system is applied to design the trajectory correction maneuver. The statistical dispersion analysis is performed by Monte-Carlo simulation,

Demonstration on the indexes design of gravity satellite orbit parameters in the low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking mode

Combining with the exigent demand of the development of satellite gravimetry system in China, aiming at the determination of technical indexes of gravity satellite orbit parameters, on the basis of the numerical experiments and results analysis, the design indexes of gravity satellite orbit height, inter-satellite range and the orbit inclination are analyzed and calculated, and the issues towards twin gravity satellites such as coherence requirement of the orbit semi-major axes, control requirement of the pitch angle and time interval requirement to keep twin satellites formation in mobility are diseussed. Results show that the satellite orbit height is 400 km to 500 km, the inter-satellite range is about 220 km, the satellite orbit inclination is between polar orbit and sun-synchronous orbit, the semi-major axes difference of twin satellites orbit is within ± 70. 146 m, the pitch angle of twin satellites is about 0.9 degree, and the time interval to keep twin satellites formation in mobility is 7 days to 15 days.

固体运载火箭发射轨道一种快速生成方法

通过采用牛顿迭代法快速优化发射方位角,克服了发射方位角初值偏差过大的缺陷,极大缩短了优化时间。通过采用基于特征参数网格化的程序角优化设计技术,建立了程序角设计参数数据库,在机动发射的情况下能够快速进行参数插值,避免了大量优化计算过程,有力地支持了机动发射情况下发射轨道的快速生成。最后通过仿真证明设计算法的有效性和正确性。

一种立方星模块化电源系统的设计与在轨试验

立方星实用化发展对其电源系统提出了更高的要求,传统立方星电源的功率容量和扩展能力已难以满足遥感、通信等立方星应用的需求。该文针对此问题提出一种模块化电源系统的设计与研制方法:系统对外采用统一的结构、信息和功率接口,实现与卫星平台的松耦合;内部设计多种标准化的模块单元,通过模块数量的配置和堆叠结构,实现功率容量和配电通道灵活扩充,从而快速满足多样化任务立方星的供电需求。以中国青少年科普卫星八一03星为例,开展电源系统设计方法的验证与工程实现,研制周期缩短至两个月。在轨试验表明,所设计的模块化电源系统工作稳定可靠,能够适应百瓦量级以内不同载荷任务立方星的功率需求。

近月空间星座轨道设计方法

结合未来月球探测任务对中继通信及月面导航的需求,提出一种近月空间星座轨道构型设计方法。首先梳理了中继通信、月面导航、建设及维护成本三个方面的星座设计指标,并应用层次分析法确定了各项指标的权重,给出综合评价指标;充分考虑近月空间轨道资源,分析各类轨道的性质,初步筛选适合部署星座的轨道类型;提出一种近月空间星座建设路线,分三个阶段逐步实现全月的100%四重覆盖;依次设计三个阶段的星座构型,对每个阶段,比较不同的构型方案,选择综合评价指标最优的构型方案。基于上述方法得到了近月空间星座建设方案:第一阶段部署2颗椭圆冻结轨道卫星,可为月球南极极区提供全时对地中继通信;第二阶段部署6颗椭圆冻结轨道卫星、2颗近直线晕轨道卫星、1颗L2晕轨道卫星,可为月球南极极区提供全时导航定位,并为全月面提供全时对地通信;第三阶段部署4颗椭圆冻结轨道卫星、2颗近直线晕轨道卫星、1颗L1晕轨道卫星、3颗远距离逆行轨道卫星,可为全月提供全时导航定位。对全月任一点,该星座的几何精度衰减因子小于5的时间至少占72%,可长时间为全月面提供高精度导航定位。相较于现有文献,该近月空间星座设计方法考虑的轨道类型更丰富,星座性能指标更全面,且创新性地提出了分阶段的近月空间星座建设方案。

基于参数识别应用Backstepping design控制Lü′s混沌吸引子

混沌控制在最近十几年的研究中已经取得了长足的进展,形成了许多比较成熟而且有效的控制技术和方法,如:OGY控制、线性状态空间反馈等 但对于带有未知参数的系统,前面提到的方法常常无法达到预期的控制 通过构造识别函数识别L櫣′s混沌系统的未知参数,然后应用Backsteppingdesign控制L櫣′s混沌吸引子,将L櫣′s混沌吸引子控制到一个稳定的周期轨道。

NEW METHOD OF FORMATION DESIGN FOR BOTH GMTI AND INSAR USING DISTRIBUTED SATELLITES

This letter proposes a method for designing a specific formation of satellites where the flying motion only exists in a circle orbit plane of the reference satellite, which means that the orbit eccentricity is zero. This method combines the Hill equation, the Kepler equation, and the geometrical inea^ing of orbit elements. It creates the redundancy condition to simplify the deducing process, utilizes multiple conditions to solve the orbit elements for the satellite formation, and obtains the analytical relationship of the orbit elements for the formation satellites with the formation parameters and the orbit elements of the reference satellite. Using these formulations, the orbit elements and formation parameters for the formation satellites can be solved for the given orbit elements of the reference satellite. The letter describes the proposed double-ellipse formation for both GMTI and InSAR, and the validity of the formation is demonstrated via simulation.

长期拟周期近直线晕轨道高效设计方法

面向未来近月空间站部署需求,提出了一种三级修正的长期拟周期近直线晕轨道(NRHO)设计方法。首先,设计了新的离散点选取策略,降低了对参数敏感区域的打靶需求,提高了多点打靶法计算多圈次拟周期NRHO的收敛性能。然后,基于NRHO的对称特性,给出了初始拟周期NRHO圈次延续方法和滚动时域长期拟周期NRHO生成方法,根据拟周期NRHO近月点半径设计了修正策略。使用不同的NRHO进行仿真实验,生成了维持500圈约10年的长期拟周期NRHO。仿真结果表明本方法提高了收敛效率,且能有效生成地月空间长期拟周期NRHO。

面向高轨空间的北斗导航性能增强星座选型研究

由于高轨空间超出北斗卫星导航系统的正常服务区域,导航信号微弱、可见性差,难以实现高轨飞行器全程稳定可靠的导航定位服务。提出了以空间卫星为时空基准传递平台,向高轨空间区域发射导航信号,从而提高高轨飞行器导航性能的方法,并展开面向高轨空间的北斗导航性能增强星座选型研究。基于卫星可见性、精度衰减因子(DOP)、信号接收门限和所需增强卫星数目等评估指标,仿真分析了基于LEO星座、MEO星座和HEO星座的北斗导航增强性能。

空间引力波探测无拖曳技术现状与趋势

航天器无拖曳控制是实现引力波空间探测科学平台超静超稳运行的核心关键技术之一。目前,国内外各研究机构对航天器系统的动力学与控制进行了深入研究,并针对不同的探测频段需求提出了不同的探测任务。根据探测任务进行了航天器编队设计与控制的详细介绍和分析,对涉及的无拖曳与姿态控制、高精度惯性传感器与执行机构等原理和理论方法进行了深入的剖析。针对现已开展的空间引力波探测无拖曳航天器在轨飞行的演示验证整体情况进行详述和分析。在此基础上,提出后续开展相关研究中亟待解决的关键问题,指出未来无拖曳航天器系统动力学与控制的研究热点和趋势。

“巴遥一号”卫星双相机热设计及验证

针对“巴遥一号”卫星相机主体全寿命周期内温度应保持较高稳定性和均匀性的任务要求。通过建立热阻网络模型,分析热控设计的重点和难点,并提出有效管理热量传递和合理设计控温方式的方法;利用结构热控一体化设计解决双相机焦面电路高功率密度热量排散问题,采用直接与间接相结合的控温方式提高主光学结构温度稳定性。通过热仿真分析和热平衡试验验证热设计的准确性。相机入轨4年后1个月内的在轨温度变化显示,相机各部分温度水平和温度稳定性满足设计指标要求,镜头的温度波动范围在0.09~0.17℃,CCD的温度波动范围在0.93~4.30℃,表明相机热控设计合理有效。以上设计实践可为双相机一体化热控设计提供借鉴。

基于多频子脉冲的中轨星载高分宽幅SAR系统设计方法

基于多频子脉冲(MFSP)的中轨(MEO)高分宽幅(HRWS)合成孔径雷达(SAR)系统设计过程中面临着全球覆盖、下视可见性、距离方位二维解模糊、系统复杂度优化等一系列问题,提出了从轨道到架构再到参数的3层设计思想,利用空间、时间、频率等多个维度进行二维模糊抑制与系统优化,采用典型低轨(LEO)SAR系统作为参照系统,完成了MEO星载HRWS SAR的系统设计,在中轨平台上实现了HRWS SAR成像,且较大地提高了星载平台对地观测的时间分辨率,最后通过仿真验证了设计方法的有效性,具有一定的工程应用价值。