Application of multi-phase particle swarm optimization technique to retrieve the particle size distribution

The multi-phase particle swarm optimization （MPPSO） technique is applied to retrieve the particle size distribution （PSD） under dependent model. Based on the Mie theory and the Lambert-Beer theory, three PSDs, i.e., the Rosin-Rammer （R-R） distribution, the normal distribution, and the logarithmic normal distribution, are estimated by MPPSO algorithm. The results confirm the potential of the proposed approach and show its effectiveness. It may provide a new technique to improve the accuracy and reliability of the PSD inverse calculation.

Effects of process parameters on the growth behavior and granule size distribution of iron ore mixtures in a novel high-shear granulator

This work proposes a novel horizontal high-shear granulator for iron ore granulation before sintering process.The granulation behavior such as growth process and structure of granules were firstly analyzed,followed by the effects of operation conditions such as water content,initial particle size distribution,and the concentrate ratio.The results show that the granule size increased significantly with increasing the granulation time,and the structure of granule can be divided into three types:non-nuclei,single-nuclei,and multi-nuclei.Water promotes the coalescence and growth of particles,and a better granulation performance was obtained at the water content of 8.8wt%under the current raw material conditions.Increasing the nuclei particle ratio led to an increase in average size of granules and permeability of the granules bed,but a decrease in growth index.Besides,with increasing of concentrate ratio,granulation performance such as granule size,bed permeability,and uniformity became worse.

Gold/Mg-Al mixed oxides catalysts for oxidative esterification of methacrolein:Effects of support size and composition on gold loading

Gold catalysts supported on Mg-Al mixed oxides for oxidative esterification of methacrolein are prepared by impregnation.Effects of the support particle size,concentration of HAuCl4 solution and Mg/Al ratio on gold loading and catalytic properties are investigated.The catalysts are characterized by CO_(2)-TPD,EDS,XPS,STEM and XRD techniques.Catalysts with smaller support particle size show more uniform gold distribution and higher gold dispersion,resulting in a higher catalytic performance,and the uniformity of gold and the activity of the catalysts with larger support particle size can be improved by decreasing the concentration of HAuCl4 solution.The Mg/Al molar ratio has significant effect on the uniformity of gold and the activity of the catalyst,and the optimum Mg/Al molar ratio is 0.1–0.2.This study underlines the importance of engineering support particle size,concentration of HAuCl4 solution and density of adsorption sites for efficient gold loading on support by impregnation.

Allocation and sizing of reactive power compensators considering PV power and load demand uncertainty using beetle-antenna grey wolf optimization

Distributed photovoltaic(PV)systems play an important role in supplying many recent microgrids.The absence of reactive power support for these small-scale PV plants increases total microgrid losses and voltage-instability threats.Reactive power compensations(RPCs)should be integrated to enhance both microgrid losses and voltage profiles.RPC planning is a non-linear,complicated problem.In this paper,a combined RPC allocation and sizing algorithm is proposed.The RPC-integrating buses are selected using a new adaptive approach of loss sensitivity analysis.In the sizing process,the uncertainties in PV power and load demand are modelled using proper probability density functions.Three simulation techniques for handling uncertainties are compared to define the accurate and fast accurate method as follows:Monte Carlo simulation(MCS),scenario tree construction and reduction method,and point estimation method(PEM).The load flow equations are solved using the forward-backward sweep method.RPCs are optimally sized using the beetle-antenna-based strategy with grey wolf optimization(BGWO)to overcome the local minima problem that appeared in the other pre-proposed methods.Results have been compared using particle swarm optimization and conventional GWO.The proposed model is verified using the IEEE 33 radial bus system.The expected power loss has been reduced by 22% and 31% using compensation of 26% and 44%,respectively.The results obtained prove that the BGWO optimal power flow and PEM to handle the uncertainty can significantly reduce the computation time with sufficient accuracy.Under the study conditions,PEM reduces the computation time to 4 minutes compared with 4 hours for MCS,with only a 3% error compared with MCS as an uncertainty benchmark method.

基于净能力及二阶锥规划的分布式光储多场景协同优化策略

针对现有配电网中分布式光储调度模型存在资源协同不足、求解复杂等问题,提出了一种基于净能力及二阶锥规划的分布式光储多场景协同优化调度策略。通过引入储能接入配电网后的功率转移分布因子,提出一种基于系统净能力的储能最优选址计算方法;综合考虑储能的运行特性和分布式光伏的出力不确定性,建立以系统日综合成本和削峰填谷为目标的分布式光储多场景协同优化调度模型;利用二阶锥松弛和Big-M法对潮流约束、储能运行约束进行处理,将原规划模型转化为混合整数二阶锥规划问题。以IEEE 33节点系统和西北某实际系统为算例进行仿真分析,结果表明所提方法能在降低负荷峰谷差和日综合成本、平抑负荷波动的同时,显著提高对分布式光伏的消纳能力,验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。

考虑电压-无功调节的台区互联装置规划方法

伴随分布式能源广泛接入低压配电网,其对配电网运行灵活性和消纳能力的要求不断提高。利用低压柔性互联装置将独立运行的低压配电台区分区互联,避免传统电压调节和无功补偿装置频繁动作。考虑到柔性互联装置造价昂贵,协同传统电压-无功调节装置,文中提出低压柔性互联装置的选址定容规划方法。首先,分析低压柔性互联装置拓扑和运行方式,建立其潮流模型。其次,建立低压柔性互联装置优化配置的双层规划模型,上层规划以年综合费用最小为目标,下层规划考虑电压-无功协调控制时间序列模型,以运行成本和电压偏差最小为目标,基于粒子群优化算法和混合整数二阶锥规划算法交替求解,得出配电系统最优柔性互联方案和最优运行方式。最后,在IEEE 33节点系统上进行实例分析,验证该双层规划算法的有效性。结果表明,所提方法能有效减少柔性互联装置的过度布置,同时减少由分布式能源频繁波动造成的运行成本。将模型凸化并线性化的方法明显提高了求解效率。

盐酸萘甲唑啉在甲醇-乙酸乙酯体系中的动力学及结晶工艺

盐酸萘甲唑啉(NPZ)是一种作用于循环系统的血管收缩类药物。针对原料药平均粒径偏小及粒度分布不均的问题,本文提出运用间歇动态法对NPZ在甲醇-乙酸乙酯体系中的结晶动力学进行研究,并系统考察了不同结晶工艺条件对晶体析出率、粒径以及变异系数的影响规律。结果表明:随着溶液过饱和度的增大,NPZ晶体成核机制由非均相成核转为均相成核,晶体表面生长符合连续生长模式;NPZ生长动力学模型、成核速率与生长速率方程分别为B_(0)=9.591×10^(4)G^(2.10)、B=2.031×10^(20)exp(-4.796×10^(5)/RT)M^(0.309)_(T)ΔC^(1.40)ω^(1.37)_(r)和G=4.094×10^(7)exp(-8.358×10^(5)/RT)ΔC^(1.36)。优化的结晶工艺参数为:晶种加入量1.5%(质量分数)、结晶温度313.15K、搅拌速率200r/min、溶液过饱和度1.04、乙酸乙酯滴加速率7.037×10^(-4)L/min、乙酸乙酯与甲醇质量比4∶1、陈化时间2h。该条件下制得的NPZ晶体较原料药平均粒径增大30.49%、变异系数降低32.30%、堆密度提高14.65%、休止角改善7.62%、卡尔指数提升30.76%、豪斯那比优化26.99%,晶体粒径、粒度分布及流动性均得到明显改善。

Prediction of coal structure using particle size characteristics of coalbed methane well cuttings

Severely deformed coal seams barely deliver satisfactory gas production. This research was undertaken to develop a new method to predict the positions of deformed coals for a horizontal CBM well. Firstly, the drilling cuttings of different structure coals were collected from a coal mine and compared. In light of the varying cuttings characteristics for different structure coals, the coal structure of the horizontally drilled coal seam was predicted. And the feasibility of this prediction method was discussed. The result shows that exogenetic fractures have an important influence on the deformation of coal seams. The hardness coefficient of coal decreases with the deformation degree in the order of primary structural, cataclastic and fragmented coal. And the expanding-ratio of gas drainage holes and the average particle size of cuttings increase with the increase of the deformation degree. The particle size distribution of coal cuttings for the three types of coals is distinctive from each other. Based on the particle size distribution of cuttings from X-2 well in a coal seam, six sections of fragmented coal which are unsuitable for perforating are predicted. This method may benefit the optimization of perforation and fracturing of a horizontal CBM well in the study area.

Analytical Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Optimal Siting and Sizing of Distributed Generation in Smart Grid

In this paper,the hybridization of standard particle swarm optimisation(PSO)with the analytical method(2/3 rd rule)is proposed,which is called as analytical hybrid PSO(AHPSO)algorithm used for the optimal siting and sizing of distribution generation.The proposed AHPSO algorithm is implemented to cater for uniformly distributed,increasingly distributed,centrally distributed,and randomly distributed loads in conventional power systems.To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm,the convergence speed and optimization performances of standard PSO and the proposed AHPSO algorithms are compared for two cases.In the first case,the performances of both the algorithms are compared for four different load distributions via an IEEE 10-bus system.In the second case,the performances of both the algorithms are compared for IEEE 10-bus,IEEE 33-bus,IEEE 69-bus systems,and a real distribution system of Korea.Simulation results show that the proposed AHPSO algorithm converges significantly faster than the standard PSO.The results of the proposed algorithm are compared with those of an analytical algorithm,and the results of them are similar.

利用粒子群算法提高微粒粒径分布反演的精度

大气粒径分布的反演是大气科学中一个长期存在的难题,消光法是解决这一问题的有效方法 .然而,消光发中采用的线性回归,由于其核心矩阵的病态问题,影响了实际的反演效果.本文提出了一种名为粒子群优化的方法来反演粒径分布,精度比线性回归方法提高3倍以上.有效性通过仿真手段得到了验证.

基于多目标双层规划的分布式电源选址定容

针对高比例分布式电源(distributed generators, DGs)并网位置与容量大小优化问题,提出一种解决多DGs选址定容问题的多目标双层优化模型。该模型中上层模型结合损耗灵敏度和电压稳定指数挑选并网位置,下层模型获得并网位置后以有功损耗、电压偏移指数、电压稳定指数为优化目标函数调整DGs容量。其次,由于下层模型中含有非凸的DistFlow潮流方程,通过二阶锥凸松弛技术将下层模型转化为混合整数二阶锥规划模型,并运用多权重法将多目标优化模型转化为易于处理的单目标优化模型。最后在PG&E69节点系统中测试,结果表明,DGs在最佳位置接入特定容量,可显著降低配电网有功损耗,改善电压分布、提高电网电压稳定性。与现有文献中优化算法对比分析,验证了所提模型的有效性,此外,还分析了测试系统接入DGs的最佳数目和渗透水平。

配电网络电能质量综合治理设备优化配置策略

针对配电网络电能质量治理设备缺乏全局统筹配置的现状,提出了一种基于多目标粒子群优化算法对谐波、无功及三相不平衡治理设备的综合优化配置策略。分别采用有源电力滤波器抑制谐波、智能电容器补偿无功、换相开关治理三相不平衡,并以每类电能质量问题的治理效果和投入成本为优化对象,以满足相关电能质量标准为约束条件,通过多目标粒子群算法确定治理设备配置节点和相应投入容量的优化配置方案。建立了电能质量评估模型,搭建了基于IEEE-18节点的配电系统仿真模型,并分散接入谐波、无功和三相不平衡负载,模拟电能质量问题,通过仿真验证了所提出的治理设备综合优化配置策略的可行性和相较于传统电能质量治理方案在电能质量治理上的优越性。

考虑储能调控优化的配电网分布式电源选址定容

稳定配电网潮流分布、明确分布式电源的接入位置和容量是含分布式电源配电网优化运行的重要问题。提出一种基于深度强化学习算法的储能调控优化模型,实现分布式电源配置与用电负荷需求关系的匹配,从而稳定高渗透率下配电网的潮流分布。以线路损耗与电压波动性为损失函数,提出基于多目标遗传算法的分布式电源选址定容决策模型。在IEEE 14节点系统进行测试,结果表明该算法能够有效选择分布式电源的最佳接入位置和容量,在保证电压幅值不产生过大波动的同时,进一步降低了整体网络的线路损耗。

改进遗传算法的煤粉粒度分布优化

为精准地获取煤巷综掘工作面煤粉的粒度分布,提出了一种基于遗传算法的粒度分布优化方案,利用显微图像法测得煤粉粒径,得到粉尘颗粒个数密度分布数据。基于高斯、对数正态、罗辛-拉姆勒分布函数建立优化模型,采用遗传算法对其进行求解,并与实测值拟合验证。结果表明:进化代数140、种群大小1 400、交叉概率0.65、变异概率0.055、停滞代数40、函数容差10^(-5)和约束容差10^(-4)的优化遗传算法,在问题求解时具有较好的稳定性,能够精准快速地求解3种分布函数对应的最优参数值;高斯分布、对数正态分布、罗辛-拉姆勒分布拟合优度R^(2)分别为0.801、0.798、0.839,罗辛-拉姆勒分布函数R^(2)最大,与实测数据拟合度最高,该煤粉的粒度分布最符合罗辛-拉姆勒分布。

数字图像相关方法散斑质量的评价

作为试件变形信息的载体,散斑图质量好坏直接影响到数字图像相关法(DIC)的测量结果。因此,如何定量评价散斑图的优劣是数字图像相关方法测量精度提高的关键所在。针对此问题,本文基于灰度分布直方图、平均尺寸、平均灰度梯度与平均灰度等散斑特征参数进行多维度分析,遴选最优散斑,并通过零位移实验验证,为DIC测量精度的提高提供参考依据。

Effects of particle characteristics on the granulation ability of iron ores during the sintering process

The granulation behavior of iron ores is essential for subsequent parameter optimization and efficient granulation, especially under changing material conditions. In this study, the effects of surface properties and particle size were analyzed using a laboratory granulation method; an estimation of the granulation of sintering blends was subsequently conducted for the base ores. Circularity and porosity were observed to negatively affect the granulation of iron ores, whereas wettability positively affected the granulation and was the most influential factor, indicating that wetting of iron ores is desirable during granulation. When iron ores with complex size distributions were granulated, the equivalent surface area was the main influencing factor for coarse particles larger than 1 mm and the ratio of adhering fines to intermediates was the main factor for fine particles smaller than 1 mm. By combining the granulation of coarse and fine particles with their proportioning, we proposed a calculation method for estimating the granulation ability of sintering blends. Good verification was demonstrated with the designed schemes. The results suggest that the developed method is effective for predicting the granulation of iron ore mixtures.

Multi-objective planning model for simultaneous reconfiguration of power distribution network and allocation of renewable energy resources and capacitors with considering uncertainties

This research develops a comprehensive method to solve a combinatorial problem consisting of distribution system reconfiguration, capacitor allocation, and renewable energy resources sizing and siting simultaneously and to improve power system's accountability and system performance parameters. Due to finding solution which is closer to realistic characteristics, load forecasting, market price errors and the uncertainties related to the variable output power of wind based DG units are put in consideration. This work employs NSGA-II accompanied by the fuzzy set theory to solve the aforementioned multi-objective problem. The proposed scheme finally leads to a solution with a minimum voltage deviation, a maximum voltage stability, lower amount of pollutant and lower cost. The cost includes the installation costs of new equipment, reconfiguration costs, power loss cost, reliability cost, cost of energy purchased from power market, upgrade costs of lines and operation and maintenance costs of DGs. Therefore, the proposed methodology improves power quality, reliability and security in lower costs besides its preserve, with the operational indices of power distribution networks in acceptable level. To validate the proposed methodology's usefulness, it was applied on the IEEE 33-bus distribution system then the outcomes were compared with initial configuration.

Characterization of the Gold Ore to Acquire an Optimum Degree of Liberation

Gold ore processing is often ineffective in obtaining gold metal. Various methods have been successfully developed on an industrial scale, but small-scale gold mines are often problematic. The problem of inefficiency of processing is caused by gold ore characterization and evaluation of gold ore preparation process is not implemented. In this study, the conditions of gold ore deposits have a thin thickness （vein）. These gold ore deposits have an economic value if they are developed by traditional gold mining. The objective of the research is to identify and characterize gold ore as well as to analyze the optimum condition to obtain the perfect gold mineral liberation degree. Research methods include characterization of gold ore geology, sampling for test preparation using rod mill （amalgamation）, gold mineral liberation using time variables and number of rods. After the grinding process, grain size analysis is performed with various mesh sizes, and the analysis of each fraction uses a polarization microscope. The results show that gold ore minerals are associated with pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena and gangue minerals. Gold minerals are fully liberated at a certain size. The results of this research are very useful for the gold ore grinding process to obtain an efficient gold processing.

Investigation of Connecting Wind Turbine to Radial Distribution System on Voltage Stability Using SI Index and λ - V Curves

The growth of wind energy penetration level in distribution system raises the concern about its impact on the operation of the power system, especially voltage stability and power loss. Among the major concerns, this paper studied the impact of connecting wind Turbine (WT) in radial distribution system with different penetration levels and different power factor (lead and lag) on power system voltage stability and power loss reduction. Load flow calculation was carried out using forward-backward sweep method. The analysis proceeds on 9- and 33-bus radial distribution systems. Results show that voltage stability enhancement and power loss reduction should be considered as WT installation objective.

医用压缩雾化器结构优化与雾化效果数值模拟

医用压缩雾化器结构对呼吸系统疾病的雾化吸入治疗起决定作用。通过流体体积法-离散颗粒法(volume of fluid-discrete particle model,VOF-DPM)的方法,研究了医用压缩雾化器喷嘴结构、气体流速和液体通道宽度等对雾化效果的影响。结果表明,压缩雾化后液滴的动能和5μm以下的液滴粒径占比与气体流速成正比;随着液体通道宽度的增加,雾化后液滴的动能会增加,但是5μm以下的液滴粒径占比会相对减小;使用锥型破碎挡板结构,不仅能提升雾化后液滴的动能,而且能够使5μm以下的液滴粒径占比相比原来提升5%~7%。通过改变药液破碎挡板的形状,使得药液雾化后液滴直径在5μm以下的占比、药液雾化后液滴动能都有所增加,提升了雾化器的雾化效果。这些分析结果对后续医用压缩雾化器的性能表征和结构优化设计具有指导意义。