Effects of alendronate on bone mass and organ pathology in ovariectomized mice

Objective:To investigate the effect of alendronate on bone mass and organ pathology of ovariectomized mice.Methods:Thirty SPF grade C57 female mice were randomly divided into three groups(n=10):Sham operation group(Sham),ovariectomized group(OVX)and ovariectomized+alendronate group(ALN).The sodium alendronate was injected subcutaneously at 400μg/kg twice a week in the ALN group.The equal volume of normal saline was injected subcutaneously twice a week in the SHAM group and OVX group.After 12 weeks of drug administration,the samples were taken.The organ coefficients,main organ pathological sections,and bone histopathological sections were observed,and the micro CT,L4 biomechanics and serum biochemical indicators were analyzed.Results:The uterine coefficient of Sham group was(0.0054±0.0007)significantly higher than that of OVX group(0.0026±0.0009)and ALN group(0.0025±0.0007),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).No obvious lesions or toxic or side effects were observed in the main organs.Compared with the OVX group,the ALN group with decalcified sections of bone tissue had compact trabecular structure and fewer adipocytes.Micro-CT results showed that the Tb.BMD,Tb.N,Tb.Th and Tb.BV/TV values of the ALN group were significantly increased compared with those of the OVX group,but the Tb.Sp value was significantly decreased,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).In L4 vertebral body biomechanics,the elastic modulus(50.29±13.43)and maximum load number(29.83±4.92)of ALN group were significantly higher than those of OVX group(14.77±3.12)and maximum load number(11.57±3.18),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with the OVX group,the serum OCN and PINP indicators of bone formation in the ALN group were increased,while the bone resorption indicators TRACP-5b and CTX-I were decreased,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion:Alendronate sodium improves bone quality by increasing bone density,improving bone microstructure,increasing bone strength,promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption,without obvious toxic and side effects on organs.

In vivo combination therapy of chloroquine and stigmasterol against Plasmodium berghei induced pathologies in mice

Objective:To investigate the effect of combination therapy of chloroquine and stigmasterol on Plasmodium berghei(thereafter referred to as P.berghei)malaria-induced organ pathologies.Methods:Thirty five mice weighing 20-30 g were placed into seven groups of five mice each and distributed as uninfected administered 100 mg/kg BW stigmasterol,uninfected administered only feed and water ad libitum,infected with P.berghei and-administered 50 mg/kg BW stigmasterol,100 mg/kg BW stigmasterol,100 mg/kg BW stigmasterol plus 5 mg/kg BW chloroquine,and 5 mg/kg BW chloroquine.The last group of mice served as P.berghei infected and not treated control.The levels of parasitemia,packed cell volume,and other biochemical parameters were measured.Results:Combination therapy of P.berghei infection with stigmasterol and chloroquine did not significantly(P>0.05)reduce parasitemia level while stigmasterol treatment alone significantly(P<0.05)reduced the parasitemia level.However,the P.berghei induced anemia was decreased significantly(P<0.05)upon treatment with a combination of chloroquine and stigmasterol as well as with stigmasterol alone.Furthermore,the combination of chloroquine and stigmasterol significantly(P<0.05)decreased the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,urea and spleen total proteins levels in P.berghei mice in comparison with the untreated group.Treatment of P.berghei infected mice with stigmasterol alone and in combination with chloroquine significantly(P<0.05)increased the level of serum creatinine while serum and spleen malondialdehyde levels were significantly(P<0.05)decreased.Levels of glutathione in spleen and kidney were insignificantly(P>0.05)altered upon treatment with both doses of stigmasterol as well as the combination therapy.Conclusions:This study concluded that the combination of stigmasterol and chloroquine could combat anemia and some organ pathologies associated with P.berghei infection.

In vivo combination therapy of chloroquine and stigmasterol against Plasmodium berghei induced pathologies in mice

Objective:To investigate the effect of combination therapy of chloroquine and stigmasterol on Plasmodium(P.)berghei malaria-induced organ pathologies.Methods:Totally 35 mice weighing 20-30g were placed into 7 groups of 5 mice each and distributed as uninfected administered 100 mg/kg BW stigmasterol,uninfected administered only feed and water ad libitum,infected with P.berghei and administered 50 mg/Kg BW stigmasterol,100 mg/kg BW stigmasterol,100 mg/kg BW stigmasterol plus 5 mg/kg BW chloroquine,and 5 mg/kg BW chloroquine.The last group of mice served as P.berghei infected and not treated control.The levels of parasitemia,packed cell volume,and other biochemical parameters were measured.Results:Combination therapy of P.berghei infection with stigmasterol and chloroquine did not significantly(P>0.05)reduce parasitemia level while stigmasterol treatment alone significantly(P<0.05)reduced the parasitemia level.However,the P.berghei induced anemia was decreased significantly(P<0.05)upon treatment with a combination of chloroquine and stigmasterol as well as with stigmasterol alone.Furthermore,the combination of chloroquine and stigmasterol significantly(P<0.05)decreased the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,urea and level of spleen total proteins in P.berghei infected mice in comparison with the untreated group.Treatment of P.berghei infected mice with stigmasterol alone and in combination with chloroquine significantly(P<0.05)increased the level of serum creatinine while serum and spleen malondialdehyde levels were significantly(P<0.05)decreased.Levels of glutathione in spleen and kidney were insignificantly(P>0.05)altered upon treatment with both doses of stigmasterol as well as the combination therapy.Conclusions:This study concluded that the combination of stigmasterol and chloroquine could combat anemia and some organ pathologies associated with P.berghei infection.