Organic-inorganic Hybrid Materials Based on Piperidine Derivatives and Semi-conductive Metal Iodine

Reactions of piperidine derivatives 4-(aminomethyl)piperidine(4-AMPD) and 1-methylpiperidin-4-amine(1-MPDA) with semi-conductive metal iodine SbI3 and PbI2 in concentrated HI aqueous solution afforded two one-dimensional(1 D) chain compounds [(4-AMPD)SbI5]n(1), [(1-MPDA)SbI5]n(2) and a two-dimensional(2 D) single layered organicinorganic hybrid material [(1-MPDA)PbI4]n(3), which were confirmed by X-ray single-crystal diffraction, infrared(IR) spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD). Simultaneously, compounds 1~3 exhibit strong emission peaks at 600 nm for 1 and 2 and 570 nm for 3, which were originated from their inorganic moieties.

Fabrication of branch-like Aph@LDH-MgO material through organic-inorganic hybrid conjugation for excellent anti-corrosion performance

Layered double hydroxides(LDH)frameworks have shown significant enhancement in stability and reusability,and their tailorable architecture brings new insight into the development of the next generation of hybrid materials,which attracted considerable attention in many fields over the years.One of the factors contributing to the widespread applicability of layered double hydroxides is their adaptable composition,which can accommodate a wide spectrum of potential anionic guests.This exceptional property makes the LDH system simple to adjust for various applications.However,most LDH systems are synthesized in situ in an autoclave at high temperatures and pressures that severely restrict the industrial use of such coating systems.In this study,LDH was directly synthesized on a magnesium alloy that had undergone plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)treatment in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,thereby avoiding the use of hydrothermal autoclave conditions.This LDH system was compared with a hybrid architecture consisting of organic-inorganic self-assembly.An organic layer was fabricated on top of the LDH film using 4-Aminophenol(Aph)compound,resulting in a smart hierarchical structure that can provide a robust Aph@LDH film with excellent anti-corrosion performance.At the molecular level,the conjugation characteristics and adsorption mechanism of Aph molecule were studied using two levels of theory as follows.First,Localized orbit locator(LOL)-πisosurface,electrostatic potential(ESP)distribution,and average local ionization energy(ALIE)on the molecular surface were used to highlight localization region,reveal the favorable electrophilic and nucleophilic attacks,and clearly explore the type of interactions that occurred around interesting regions.Second,first-principles based on density functional theory(DFT)was applied to study the hybrid mechanism of Aph on LDH system and elucidate their mutual interactions.The experimental and computational analyses suggest that the highπ-electron density and delocalization characteristics of the functional groups and benzene ring in the Aph molecule played a leading role in the synergistic effects arising from the combination of organic and inorganic coatings.This work provides a promising approach to design advanced hybrid materials with exceptional electrochemical performance.

MXene-based hybrid materials for electrochemical and photoelectrochemical H_(2) generation

The conversion of solar energy to produce clean hydrogen fuel through water splitting is an emerging strategy for efficiently storing solar energy in the form of solar fuel.This aligns with the increasing global demand for the development of an ideal energy alternative to fossil fuels that does not emit greenhouse gases.Electrochemical(EC) and photoelectrochemical(PEC) water splitting technologies have garnered significant attention worldwide for advanced hydrogen solar fuel production in recent decades.To achieve sustainable green H_(2) production,it is essential to create efficient catalyst materials that are low-cost and can replace expensive noble metal-based catalysts.These characteristics make them an ideal catalyst material for the process.Two-dimensional MXenes with M_(n+1)X_(n) structure have been identified as a promising option for EC and PEC water splitting due to their superior hydrophilicity,metal-like conductivity,large surface area,and adjustable surface chemistry.Here,we present a summary of recent advancements in the synthesis and performance enhancement methods for MXene hybrid materials in hydrogen production through EC and PEC water splitting.Furthermore,we examine the challenges and insights associated with the rational design of MXene-based hybrid materials to facilitate efficient water splitting for sustainable solar fuel production.

Fabrication of 2×2 Thermo-Optic Switches with Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials Prepared by Sol-Gel Technique

2×2 Mach-Zehnder interferometric thermo-optic switch was fabricated with organic/inorganic hybrid materials by sol-gel technique and direct UV patterning. The switching time of device was measured to be 4.2 ms and switching power 9.3 mW.

Functional-template directed self-assembly(FTDSA) of mesostructured organic-inorganic hybrid materials

Since the discovery of a surfactant directed self-assembly approach for the fabrication of mesoporous silica in 1992,increasing attention has been focused on the design and synthesis of mesostructured functional materials.Organic functionalization is becoming a major topic in this research field,since highly ordered mesostructured organic-inorganic hybrids offer novel functionalities and enhanced performance over their individual components.We begin with a brief overview of the three fundamental methods(post-synthetic grafting technique,co-condensation method,and preparation of periodic mesoporous organosilicas) for the preparation of organically functionalized mesostructured silica,and focus on one of the most promising approaches,which herein was named as functional-template directed self-assembly(FTDSA) approach,and in the eyes of the authors it has a special position in the preparation of this class of hybrid materials.A comprehensive overview of the state of research in the area of FTDSA and its potential applications will be given.

Organic-inorganic Hybrid Materials Based on Molybdophosphate and Organic Polyammonium

新器官无机的混合混合物(dienH3 ) 2 (P2Mo5O23 )(1 )[dien=NH (CHCH2NH2 ) 2 ] 被元素的分析，红外光谱， thermogravimetric 分析，和单个水晶 X 光检查衍射技术热水地综合了并且描绘。化合物 1 与空格组和 a=0.9790 (2 ) 一起在三斜晶系的系统结晶 nm， b=0.9922 (2 ) nm， c=1.4644 (3 ) nm， =95.510 (10 )

Immobilized nickel(Ⅱ) on organic-inorganic hybrid materials: The effective and reusable catalysts for Biginelli reaction

The immobilized nickel(II) on the organic-inorganic hybrid material was prepared and used as an effective catalyst for the Biginelli reaction.In the presence of the immobilized nickel catalyst,aromatic aldehydes reacted with ethyl acetoacetate and urea (or thiourea) smoothly to generate the corresponding Biginelli products in good to excellent yields without using any additive.The work-up procedure is very simple and practical.Furthermore,the silica-supported nickel(II) could be recovered and recycled for six consecutive trials without significant loss of its catalytic activity.

Status and Opportunities of Zinc Ion Hybrid Capacitors: Focus on Carbon Materials, Current Collectors, and Separators

Zinc ion hybrid capacitors(ZIHCs), which integrate the features of the high power of supercapacitors and the high energy of zinc ion batteries, are promising competitors in future electrochemical energy storage applications. Carbon-based materials are deemed the competitive candidates for cathodes of ZIHC due to their cost-effectiveness, high electronic conductivity, chemical inertness, controllable surface states, and tunable pore architectures. In recent years, great research efforts have been devoted to further improving the energy density and cycling stability of ZIHCs. Reasonable modification and optimization of carbon-based materials offer a remedy for these challenges. In this review, the structural design, and electrochemical properties of carbon-based cathode materials with different dimensions, as well as the selection of compatible, robust current collectors and separators for ZIHCs are discussed. The challenges and prospects of ZIHCs are showcased to guide the innovative development of carbon-based cathode materials and the development of novel ZIHCs.

Colorless to black switching with high contrast ratio via the electrochemical process of a hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite

Colorless‐to‐black switching has attracted widespread attention for smart windows and multifunctional displays because they are more useful to control solar energy.However,it still remains a challenge owing to the tremendous difficulties in the design of completely reverse absorptions in transmissive and colored states.Herein,we report on an electrochemical device that can switch between colorless and black by using the electrochemical process of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite MAPbBr_(3),which shows a high integrated contrast ratio of up to 73%from 400 to 800 nm.The perovskite solution can be used as the active layer to assemble the device,showing superior transmittance over the entire visible region in neutral states.By applying an appropriate voltage,the device undergoes reversible switching between colorless and black,which is attributed to the formation of lead and Br_(2)in the redox reaction induced by the electron transfer process in MAPbBr_(3).In addition,the contrast ratio can be modulated over the entire visible region by changing the concentration and the applied voltage.These results contribute toward gaining an insightful understanding of the electrochemical process of perovskites and greatly promoting the development of switchable devices.

SYNTHESIS OF MESOPOROUS POLY(STYRENE-co-MALEIC ANHYDRIDE)/SILICA HYBRID MATERIALS VIA A NONSURFACTANT-TEMPLATED SOL-GEL PROCESS

Mesoporous poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)/silica hybrid materials have been prepared. The synthesis was achieved by the HCl-catalyzed sol-gel reactions of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer in the presence of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) as a coupling agent and citric acid as a nonsurfactant template or pore-forming agent, followed by ethanol extraction. Characterization results from nitrogen sorption isotherms and powder X-ray diffraction indicate that polymer-modified mesoporous materials with large specific surface areas (e.g. 900 m(2)/g) and pore volumes (e.g. 0.6 cm(3)/g) could be prepared. As the citric acid concentration is increased, the specific surface areas, pore volumes and pore diameters of the hybrid materials increase.

Nanocellulose-Graphene Hybrids: Advanced Functional Materials as Multifunctional Sensing Platform

Naturally derived nanocellulose with unique physiochemical properties and giant potentials as renewable smart nanomaterials opens up endless novel advanced functional materials for multi-sensing applications.However,integrating inorganic functional two-dimensional carbon materials such as graphene has realized hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposite materials with precisely tailored properties and multi-sensing abilities.Altogether,the affinity,stability,dispersibility,modification,and functionalization are some of the key merits permitting their synergistic interfacial interactions,which exhibited highly advanced multifunctional hybrid nanocomposites with desirable properties.Moreover,the high performance of such hybrids could be achievable through green and straightforward approaches.In this context,the review covered the most advanced nanocellulose-graphene hybrids,focusing on their synthetization,functionalization,fabrication,and multi-sensing applications.These hybrid films exhibited great potentials as a multifunctional sensing platform for numerous mechanical,environmental,and human bio-signals detections,mimicking,and in-situ monitoring.

SYNTHESIS AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF VINYL POLYMERINORGANIC HYBRID AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS

We describe the sol-gel synthesis of a new family of organic-inorganic hybrid materials, in which various vinyl polymers are covalently bonded to and uniformly distributed in inorganic oxide matrices. The materials can be tailored to have both good toughness and hardness while maintaining excellent optical transparency. Doping the sol-gel metal oxides with optically active compounds such as D-glucose results in new optical rotatory composite materials. Removal of the dopant compounds from the composites affords mesoporous oxide materials; which represents a new, nonsurfactant-templated route to mesoporous molecular sieves. We have successfully immobilized a series of enzymes and other bioactive agents in mesoporous materials. Catalytical activities of the enzyme encapsulated in mesoporous materials were found to be much higher than those encapsulated in microporous materials.

Syntheses and Characterizations of Two New Organic-inorganic Hybrids Based on Heteropolymolybdates and Piperidine Molecules

Two new organic-inorganic compounds [（CH2）5NH2]3[PMo12O40]·3[（CH2）NH] 1 and [（CH2）5NH2]6[P2Mo18O62]·5H2O 2 have been synthesized using conventional and hydrothermal methods, respectively, and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, TG and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray analyses show that in these compounds heteropolymolybdates [PMo12O40]^3- and [P2Mo18O62]^6- are reserved their Keggin or Dawson structures and linked to piperidine through electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions.

Hybrid graded element model for transient heat conduction in functionally graded materials

This paper presents a hybrid graded element model for the transient heat conduction problem in functionally graded materials （FGMs）. First, a Laplace transform approach is used to handle the time variable. Then, a fundamental solution in Laplace space for FGMs is constructed. Next, a hybrid graded element is formulated based on the obtained fundamental solution and a frame field. As a result, the graded properties of FGMs are naturally reflected by using the fundamental solution to interpolate the intra-element field. Further, Stefest＇s algorithm is employed to convert the results in Laplace space back into the time-space domain. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is assessed by several benchmark examples. The results demonstrate well the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.

Preparation of polythiophene/WO_3 organic-inorganic hybrids and their gas sensing properties for NO_2 detection at low temperature

Polythiophene/WO3（PTP/WO3）organic-inorganic hybrids were synthesized by an in situ chemical oxidative polymerization method,and char- acterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM）and thermo-gravimetric analysis（TGA）.The Polythiophene/ WO3 hybrids have higher thermal stability than pure polythiophene,which is beneficial to potential application as chemical sensors.Gas sensing measurements demonstrate that the gas sensor based on the Polythiophene/WO3 hybrids has high response and good selectivity for de- tecting NO2 of ppm level at low temperature.Both the operating temperature and PTP contents have an influence on the response of PTP/WO3 hybrids to NO2.The 10 wt%PTP/WO3 hybrid showed the highest response at low operating temperature of 70-C.It is expected that the PTP/WO3 hybrids can be potentially used as gas sensor material for detecting the low concentration of NO2 at low temperature.

Simple hybrid dithiafulvenes-triphenylamine systems as dopant-free hole-transporting materials for efficient perovskite solar cells

Two extended hybrid conjugated systems based on a triphenylamine(TPA) core with two and three peripheral 1,4-dithiafulvenes(DTF) units coded WH-2 and WH-3 as hole-transporting materials(HTMs) applied in perovskite solar cells(PSCs) are synthesized by facile one-step reaction in good yield over 75%. DTF unit as electron donor can enhance the electron donating ability and the fusion of benzenic ring of TPA with DTF unit may lead to reinforced intermolecular interactions in the solid state. In addition,WH-2 and WH-3 exhibit a pyramid shape containing partial planarity and quasi three-dimensionality features, which is also conducive to enhancing the π-π stacking of molecules in the solid state. The above-mentioned structural characteristics make the two HTMs have good hole mobilities. As a result,WH-2 and WH-3 obtained the high intrinsic hole mobilities of 4.69 × 10^(-4)and 2.18 × 10^(-3)cm^(2)V^(-1)s^(-1)respectively. Finally, the power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) of PSCs with WH-2 and WH-3 as cost-effective dopant-free HTMs are 15.39% and 19.22% respectively and the PCE of PSC with WH-3 is on a par with that of PSC with Li-TFSI/t-BP doped Spiro-OMe TAD(19.67%).

Syntheses and Structures of Three Hybrid Materials Using Vanadium Polyoxoanions and Macrocyclic Copper Complex as Building Blocks

The reactions of the four-coordinated macrocyclic copper complex [CuL]（ClO4）2（L = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane） with NH4VO3 under different conditions gave three inorganic-organic hybrid materials of [CuL][VO3]2·2.33H2O（1）, [CuL]3[V（10）O（28）]·8H2O（2） and [Cu L]3[V6O（18）]·8H2O（3）. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that three diverse vanadium polyoxoanions, [V6O（18）]6- ring, [V（10）O（28）]6- cluster, and [V（12）O（35）]^10- ring, were isolated from the same reactant NH4VO3 under different conditions. The [CuL]^2＋ bridges the [V10O28]6- clusters to form a two-dimensional sheet in 2, and link the [V6O（18）]^6- rings in 1 and [V（12）O（35）]^10- rings in 3 into three-dimensional frameworks, respectively.

Ferroelectric Properties and Applications of Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites

Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites （e.g. CH;NH;PbI;） have attracted tremendous attention due to their promise for achieving next-generation cost-effective and high performance optoelectronic devices.These hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites possess excellent optical and electronic properties, including strong light absorption, high carrier abilities, optimized charge diffusion lengths, and reduced charge recombination etc., leading to their widespread applications in advanced solar energy technologies （e.g.high efficiency perovskite solar cells）. However, there is still a lack of investigations regarding fundamental properties such as ferroelectricity in these perovskites.As conventional ferroelectric ceramics are prepared at high temperature and have no mechanically flexibility,low-temperature proceed and flexible perovskite ferroelectrics have become promising candidates and should be exploited for future flexible ferroelectric applications. Here, ferroelectric properties in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites and several state-of-the-art perovskite ferroelectrics are reviewed. Novel ferroelectric applications of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites are discussed as well, providing guideline for realizing future high performance and flexible ferroelectric devices.

An Organic-inorganic Hybrid Assembly Based on Novel Arsenatomolybdate and Cu~Ⅰ-Organic Units

A novel organic-inorganic hybrid arsenatomolybdate based on infrequent[AsMoO(OH)]unit,[Cu ~I(phen)][AsMoO(OH)]·3HO(1,phen=1,10-phenanthroline),has been hydrothermally synthe-sized.This structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis,and further characterized by elemental analysis,and IR and UV spectra.To the best of our knowledge,it is the first report of a novel arsenatomolybdate subunit[AsMoO(OH)].Photoluminescence of 1 is ascribed to???*emission of the aromatic rings derived from the phen ligand.