Effect of Modified Biochar with Organic Fertiliser on the Growth and Development of Chinese Rose

In order to reduce the waste of resources and environmental pollution caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizers, improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, and promote the large-scale and high-quality development of the Chinese rose industry. In this experiment, corn stover biochar, phosphoric acid modified biochar and organic fertilizer were used as test materials, and the effects of mixed application of modified biochar and organic fertilizer on the growth and development of Chinese rose as well as soil physicochemical properties were investigated by using the method of pot planting test. The results showed that modified biochar with organic fertilizer had the most significant effect on the enhancement of soil pH, organic matter content and soil carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. After 120 d of planting, modified biochar with organic fertilizer had the most significant effect on the enhancement of plant height and crown width of Chinese rose;both organic fertilizer and modified biochar with organic fertilizer significantly increased the chlorophyll content of Chinese rose. The number of flowers and the number of branches were the highest in the modified biochar with organic fertilizer treatment. In conclusion, the application of modified biochar with organic fertilizer can better improve the soil pH, and increase the soil organic matter content and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio to change the biological traits of Chinese rose. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the reduction of chemical fertilizers and the resource utilization of agricultural wastes and guarantee the sustainable development of the cut flower industry.

Hydrogen-bonded organic framework modified separator for simultaneously enhancing the safety and electrochemical performance of Ni-rich lithium-ion battery

Nickel-rich layered oxide cathode(LiNi_(x)Co_(y)Mn_(1−x−y)O_(2),x>0.5,NCM)shows substantial potential for applications in longer-range electrical vehicles.However,the rapid capacity decay and serious safety concerns impede its practical viability.This work provides a hydrogen-bonded organic framework(HOF)modification strategy to simultaneously improve the electrochemical performance,thermal stability and incombustibility of separator.Melamine cyanurate(MCA),as a low-cost and reliable flame-retardant HOF,was implemented in the separator modification layer,which can prevent the battery short circuit even at a high temperature.In addition,the supermolecule properties of MCA provide unique physical and chemical microenvironment for regulating ion-transport behavior in electrolyte.The MCA coating layer enabled the nickel-rich layered oxide cathode with a high-capacity retention of 90.3%after 300 cycles at 1.0 C.Collectively,the usage of MCA in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)affords a simple,low-cost and efficient strategy to improve the security and service life of nickel-rich layered cathodes.

Evaluation of Average Wall Thickness of Organically Modified Mesoporous Silica

The small angle X-ray scattering of organically modified MSU-X silica prepared by co-condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) show negative deviation from Debye’s theory due to the existence of the organic interface layer. By exerting correction of the scattering negative deviation, Debye relation may be recovered, and the average wall thickness of the material may be evaluated.

Laboratory investigation on effects of organic montmorillonite on performance of crumb rubber modified asphalt

In this paper,organic montmorillonite(OMMT)was added into crumb rubber modified asphalt(CRMA)to improve its high temperature performance,anti-aging performance and storage stability.The effects of different OMMT content on properties of CRMA were studied.The rutting factor obtained by dynamic shear rheological(DSR)test was adopted to evaluate the high-temperature performance.The creep stiffness and m value determined by the bending beam rheometer(BBR)test were employed to evaluate the low-temperature performance.The softening point,ductility,rutting factor before and after rolling thin film ovens test(RTFOT)and pressure aging vessel test(PAV)were compared to characterize the aging properties.Moreover,the segregation test after being reserved for 48 h and 7 d was conducted,and the softening point and rutting factor of upper and lower layers of segregation pipe were adopted to evaluate the storage stability.The results indicated that the high-temperature performance and anti-aging performance were developed with the increasing content of OMMT,while the low-temperature performance deteriorated.The storage stability was improved with the increasing content of OMMT before the content exceeded 4%,after which the storage stability declined.Taking account of all factors,it is suggested that the optimum content of OMMT is 3%−4%.

Genetically-Modified Organisms in United States Agriculture: Mandate for Food Labeling

The production of foods with genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has risen rapidly over the past three decades to comprise nearly 90% of crops grown in the United States today. Currently, there are no mandates for labeling foods containing GMOs. GMO agricultural crops contain the insertion of genes encoding for pesticides, pesticide resistance, growth factors, or other substances not normally present. In addition to the foreign genes that are inserted, hundreds to thousands of mutations disrupt normal genes in GMO plants. Recently, animal studies have demonstrated toxicity of GMO foods causing organ failure, infertility, carcinomas and death. The FDA requirement of ingredients added to foods be labeled on the product is not applied to GMO foods, precluding the consumer’s right to know. GMOs provide an economic incentive to companies because the seeds can be patented, driving up costs and creating the potential for monopolies. Herbicide-resistance conferred by GMOs has resulted in higher pesticide applications, which correlate with higher human cancer rates, and the emergence of pesticide-resistant weeds and insects. GMO toxins are spreading into to non-target insects, waterways and aquatic organisms, with toxicity to non-target organisms and resultant contamination of disparate ecosystems in the food chain. The appropriateness of mandatory GMO labeling of foods in the United States is discussed.

Detection of Genetically Modified Crops by Combination of Multiplex PCR and Low-density DNA Microarray

Objective To develop a technique for simultaneous detection of various target genes in Roundup Ready soybean by combining multiplex PCR and low-density DNA microarray. Methods Two sets of the multiplex PCR system were used to amplify the target genes in genetically modified （GM） soybean. Seventeen capture probes （PCR products） and 17 pairs of corresponding primers were designed according to the genetic characteristics of Rroundup Ready soybean （GTS40-3-2）, maize （MonS10, Nk603, GA21）, canola （T45, MS1/RF1）, and rice （SCK） in many identified GM crops. All of the probes were categorized and identified as species-specific probes. One negative probe and one positive control probe were used to assess the efficiency of all reactions, and therefore eliminate any false positive and negative results. After multiplex PCR reaction, amplicons were adulterated with Cy5-dUTP and hybridized with DNA microarray. The array was then scanned to display the specific hybridization signals of target genes. The assay was applied to the analysis of sample of certified transgenic soybean （Roundup Ready GTS40-3-2） and canola （MS1/RF1）. Results A combination technique of multiplex PCR and DNA microarray was successfully developed to identify multi-target genes in Roundup Ready soybean and MS 1/RF1 canola with a great specificity and reliability. Reliable identification of genetic characteristics of Roundup Ready of GM soybean from genetically modified crops was achieved at 0.5% transgenic events, indicating a high sensitivity. Conclusion A combination technique of multiplex PCR and low-density DNA microarray can reliably detect and identify the genetically modified crops.

Nonmetallic modified zero-valent iron for remediating halogenated organic compounds and heavy metals: A comprehensive review

Zero-valent iron(ZVI),an ideal reductant treating persistent pollutants,is hampered by issues like corrosion,passivation,and suboptimal utilization.Recent advancements in nonmetallic modified ZVI(NM-ZVI)show promising potential in circumventing these challenges by modifying ZVI's surface and internal physicochemical properties.Despite its promise,a thorough synthesis of research advancements in this domain remains elusive.Here we review the innovative methodologies,regulatory principles,and reduction-centric mechanisms underpinning NM-ZVI's effectiveness against two prevalent persistent pollutants:halogenated organic compounds and heavy metals.We start by evaluating different nonmetallic modification techniques,such as liquid-phase reduction,mechanical ball milling,and pyrolysis,and their respective advantages.The discussion progresses towards a critical analysis of current strategies and mechanisms used for NM-ZVI to enhance its reactivity,electron selectivity,and electron utilization efficiency.This is achieved by optimizing the elemental compositions,content ratios,lattice constants,hydrophobicity,and conductivity.Furthermore,we propose novel approaches for augmenting NM-ZVI's capability to address complex pollution challenges.This review highlights NM-ZVI's potential as an alternative to remediate water environments contaminated with halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals,contributing to the broader discourse on green remediation technologies.

Evaluation of genetically modified rice detection methods 2011/884/EU and 2008/289/EC proposed by the European Union

Increases in the number of cases of identified genetically modified （GM） rice contamination can be traced back to the first Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed （RASFF） in 2006. In response to the lack of reliable detection methods, Decision 2011/884/EU proposed that new screening methods replace Decision 2008/289/EC, to identify all possible GM rice products originating in China. However, the synergy brands （SYBR） Green real-time PCR assay proposed by Decision 2011/884/EU has been shown to lack conformity with other TaqMan methods currently in use. To evaluate the specificity and repeatability of the methods recommended in Decision 2011/884/EU and Decision 2008/289/EC, we collected 74 rice products originating from six countries or districts. The 74 rice samples were tested using the Decision 2011/884/EU and Decision 2008/289/ EC methods. The parallel use of different instruments and reagents were used for testing in parallel, and the results were analyzed statistically. To avoid the limitations of specific laboratories, eight GM organism detection laboratories in China participated in a collaborative trial. In our tests, 24.3% （18/74） of the samples tested were positive with the SYBR Green real-time PCR assay using the Decision 2011/884/EU method, but were negative with the TaqMan real-time PCR assay using the Decision 2011/884/EU and Decision 2008/289/EC methods. Sequencing the PCR-amplified CrylA（b/c） genes in three samples （6, 30 and 43） showed that the products consisted of primer dimers rather than the targeted sequence. The combined experimental results showed that testing for the nopaline synthase gene （NOS） of Agrobacterium tumefasciens terminator and CrylA（b/c） produced false-positive results when the Decision 2011/884/EU method was used. Because of the high rate of false-positive results, the Decision 2011/884/EU SYBR Green method to detect GM rice requires improvement.

Synthesis and Performance Evaluation of Organic Bentonite Modifier Dimethyldistearylammonium Bromide (DODMAB)

Dimethyldistearylammonium Bromide (DODMAB) is a bentonite modifier with good performance. In this experiment, 1-Bromooctadecane is the raw material, and completes tertiary amination and quaternization successively by changing the condition of experiment. The result is that the productivity can achieve 78.94% in the synthesis of DODMAB. It has been used in the experiment of bentonite modification and achieves good results;compared with using trimethylstearylammonium bromide as the organic modifier, the synthetic organic bentonite has better performance than the common organic modifier when used in the oil base drilling fluid of oilfield operation.

Development of a Multiplex Ligation Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) Module for Simultaneous Detection of Five Genetically Modified Rapeseed Events

For the official surveillance of genetically modified crops, efficient and simple detection methods need to be on hand to implement the strict requirements regarding approval, labelling and traceability determined by the European Union. Therefore, a multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification (MLPA) module was developed for simultaneous detection of five genetically modified rapeseed events (MS8, RF3, GT73, Falcon GS40/90 and T45). Probes were designed and concentrations were adapted in order to obtain high sensitivity and specificity. This MLPA module was validated using certified reference materials and its applicability was tested analyzing routine honey, mustard and rapeseed samples. The limit of detection was determined by analyzing a dilution series (n = 16 for each concentration) of respective transgenic DNA. After optimization, the MLPA revealed limits of detection between 10 to 50 copies of the transgene DNA/assay. The method proved to be sensitive and highly reproducible. When analyzing routine samples, results obtained applying the MLPA module were similar compared to real-time PCR.

Effect of Different Organic Modifiers on the Tensile Properties of PVC/EVA/Montmorillonite Composites

Poly (vinyl chloride)/ethylene-vinyl acetate/montmorillonite (PVC/EVA/OMMT) composites were prepared by melt blending method. Two kinds of montmorillonites were organically modified by trimethyloctadecyl ammonium and dimethyl bis (hydrogenated tallow) ammonium, respectively. The morphology and tensile properties of the resultant composites were discussed in terms of the modifier type and OMMT content. The PVC/EVA/OMMT composites have intercalated structure, which is independent of the polarity of the modifiers, while the tensile properties show strong dependence on the modifier type. The OMMT modified by polar modifier gives higher tensile ductile and strength of PVC/EVA/OMMT composites.

基于联合验证数据评定转化体定量检测结果测量不确定度

随着转基因生物及产品定量标识制度的不断完善,大批转化体定量检测方法的建立迫在眉睫,为了在实验数据积累不足的情况下,在检测方法建立初期及时评定测量不确定度,本研究以耐除草剂大豆DBN9004定量检测方法为例,在检测实验室积累到足够检测数据之前,在8家实验室对5种转基因含量样品进行联合验证,分析试验数据的再现性标准偏差,形成“自上而下”的不确定度预评定方法。结果显示:经格拉布斯法和科克伦法检验8家实验室数据,实验室5的数据存在离群值和岐离值,故剔除,7家实验室5个含量样品的再现性相对标准差RSD_(jR)为6.025%~11.532%,均小于规定的35%,说明该方法具有良好的精密度。根据上述分析数据绘制回归曲线方程为s_(jR)=0.0783×c/≡_(j)-0.0104,计算的相对标准不确定度分量u_(r)=0.0783,u_(0)=0.012,进而将试样检测结果的平均值(c=)带入公式,计算定量结果的标准不确定度u=√u_(0)^(2)+(u_(r)×c/=)^(2)=√0.012^(2)+(0.0783×c=)^(2)。结果表明基于联合验证数据评定转化体定量检测结果测量不确定度,为转化体定量检测方法建立初期提供了科学有效的实验室自行评定方法,为转基因生物及产品的安全监管提供了技术保障。

异种器官移植排斥反应及其预防治疗策略

异种器官移植是解决人类器官短缺问题的潜在方案。在过去的上百年里,异种器官移植经历了早期尝试和不断进步,目前已进入新的高速发展阶段,取得了一系列的成果,但异种器官移植排斥反应的管理较同种异体器官移植排斥反应更为棘手。为此,研究者们开发出了一系列免疫抑制策略,如使用基因修饰猪供体、使用传统和新型免疫抑制药、将供体猪的胸腺与供器官一同移植等,以实现调整受体免疫系统反应,降低排斥反应强度并延长移植物存活时间。本文就异种器官移植排斥反应发生机制、预防和治疗策略的相关研究进行评述,以期为促进异种器官移植的进一步发展提供参考。

异种器官移植配型现状及解决思路

器官移植术前配型是器官移植成功与否的关键,当前的异种器官移植术前配型方法源于人类同种异体器官移植,但方法简单,不能准确预判移植术后是否会发生排斥反应。异种器官移植的一个显著特点是供体来源稳定、基因型明确,因此取材方便,可重复性强。充分利用异种器官移植中供体可控的优势,在完善传统细胞学配型基础上,拓展组织水平配型手段,重视内皮细胞在配型中的作用,开发器官水平配型方法,通过多环节、多维度的术前配型有利于精确筛选出合适的供体,有利于减少异种器官移植术后排斥反应的发生。为此,本文从同种异体器官移植配型方法,当前异种器官移植配型方法、存在问题及可能的突破点进行综述,以期为异种器官移植配型的进一步研究提供参考。

有机改性硫酸钙晶须在沥青改性中的应用

为了获得力学性能更好的改性沥青,从而改善传统基质沥青路面性能,采用以磷石膏为原料制备的有机改性硫酸钙晶须对沥青进行改性,通过材料制备、分析检测及混合料试验,研究了所制备的有机改性硫酸钙晶须对改性沥青三大指标、表观黏度和高温性能的影响,探究了所制备的不同沥青混合料的路用性能。结果表明:有机改性剂主要以化学吸附的形式作用在硫酸钙晶须表面,经组合有机改性剂改性处理的晶须材料与沥青更好地相容,有机改性硫酸钙晶须的添加,一定程度上增强了沥青与晶须黏结强度,提高了沥青的高温稳定性,但其低温性能有所下降;且马歇尔试验、冻融劈裂试验及车辙试验结果,进一步验证了有机改性硫酸钙晶须改性沥青混合料的水稳定性和高温稳定性均较好,因此以磷石膏为原料制备的有机改性硫酸钙晶须改性沥青的路用性能更佳。

酰胺型有机摩擦改进剂的制备及摩擦学性能研究

采用油胺与双丙酮丙烯酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰基乙酰胺通过酮胺缩合反应制备了2种新型酰胺型有机摩擦改进剂(DAO、DMO),所制备的有机摩擦改进剂在基础油PAO6中具有良好的溶解性.研究了DAO、DMO在不同温度下(25、80和135℃)的摩擦学性能,考察了有机摩擦改进剂与二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)复配后的摩擦学性能.结果表明,在不同温度下DAO与DMO在PAO6中具有良好的减摩抗磨性能,且2种有机摩擦改进剂均与ZDDP表现出良好的协同减摩作用.拉曼光谱(Raman)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)分析表明2种有机摩擦改进剂与ZDDP之间的协同作用主要得益于有机摩擦改进剂与ZDDP分子间的相互作用,在摩擦过程中发生摩擦化学反应,产生含有磷酸盐和硫化物等耐磨性化合物的致密摩擦化学反应膜,同时有机摩擦改进剂在ZDDP摩擦膜表面发生吸附,边界润滑膜与吸附膜共同作用实现了高温环境下良好的减摩与抗磨性能.

膜技术处理高浓度有机废水及资源化利用研究进展

随着工业化进程的推进,高浓度有机废水的产生量与日俱增,环境威胁日益严重。因此,如何有效处理高浓度有机废水已成为一个重要的科学问题。膜分离技术以其分离效率高、能耗低、无相变、应用范围广等优势,受到了广泛关注和应用。为此,利用Citespace对相关文章进行可视化分析,综述了膜生物反应器、超滤、纳滤、反渗透、膜组合工艺以及改性膜材料在高浓度有机废水处理中的研究进展。同时,分析了高浓度有机废水及污泥处理过程中的资源化现状。最后,总结了膜分离技术用于高浓度有机废水处理的难点和存在问题,在此基础上,对如何加强污水资源化管理和优化废水排放技术进行了展望。

中国公众对异种肾移植接受度的预测模型构建及验证

目的通过构建和验证基于异种移植调查问卷的预测模型,探讨中国公众对异种肾移植的态度。方法使用问卷星平台对中国公众进行方便抽样调查,分析公众对异种肾移植的接受度及影响因素。使用随机分配法将所有纳入的问卷(2280份)按7∶3分为训练集和验证集,构建预测模型并进行验证。结果共纳入2280份调查问卷,公众对于异种肾移植的接受度为71.3%。多因素分析结果显示性别、婚姻状况、居住地区、医保状况、宗教信仰、是否素食主义、异种肾移植知晓情况、是否肾移植等待者是公众能否接受异种肾移植的独立影响因素(均为P<0.05)。训练集预测模型的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)为0.773,验证集预测模型的AUC为0.785,训练集和验证集校准曲线均提示预测模型有较好的预测价值,决策曲线分析(DCA)均提示模型预测效能较好。结论中国公众对于异种肾移植的接受度相对较高且存在较大提升空间。基于问卷调查所构建的预测模型预测效能较好,为今后的研究提供了参考依据。

合成后修饰法构筑的Eu^(3+)@MOF材料对金属离子的荧光检测

金属离子过量使用会造成环境污染,危及人类健康。因此,对相关金属离子进行检测显得尤为重要。发光金属有机框架(Luminescent metal-organic frameworks,LMOFs)因其具备高色纯度、超高孔隙率和可调结构等优势,被视为简单有效且有前途的荧光传感材料。本文以3,5-二(4-咪唑-1-基)吡啶(Bip)为主配体,1,4-萘二甲酸(1,4-ndc)为辅助配体,Ni^(2+)为中心离子,采取溶剂热法合成了一例二维金属有机框架[Ni_(2)(Bip)_(2)(1,4-ndc)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(6)](记为CUST-756,其中CUST是Changchun University of Science and Technology缩写),并通过合成后修饰法制备了Eu^(3+)@CUST-756复合发光材料。利用XRD、FT-IR和XPS对合成的CUST-756和Eu^(3+)@CUST-756复合材料进行了基础表征。并且采用荧光光谱对样品进行了发光特性、金属离子传感性能及其机理研究。实验结果表明,Eu^(3+)@CUST-756在甲醇溶液中具备优异的发光性能和良好的稳定性,Eu^(3+)的引入使得材料可用于金属阳离子Cr^(3+)、Fe^(3+)检测。Cr^(3+)离子的检出限(limit of detection,LOD)为5.44µmol·L^(-1);Fe^(3+)离子的LOD为7.51µmol·L^(-1),与大多数LMOFs性能相近。

萘胺改性碳量子点的制备及降解有机污染物的研究

利用萘胺(NA)与碳量子点(CQDs)表面的羰基(C==O)发生席夫碱缩合反应制备萘胺改性碳量子点(CQDs-NA),考察了在可见光照射下其降解有机污染物的性能。结果表明,在1 h内罗丹明B(Rh B)去除率高达95%。CQDs-NA/过单氧硫酸盐(PMS)/有光(Light)体系的主要活性物种是超氧自由基(O_(2)·-),O_(2)·-与空穴(h+)共同作用可降解Rh B。NA的引入增强了可见光吸收范围,有效地调整了CQDs电子结构,促进了光生电子-空穴对的分离,从而提高了光催化能力。该研究为高效光催化剂的设计合成提供参考。