DAO媒介:驱动未来社会算法化与自组织的元媒介

DAO媒介是以区块链算法等技术为基础,支持数字社群协同自治的媒介,具有区块链、智能合约与投票等功能特性和要素确权、技术信任、规则构架以及场景聚合等价值禀赋。对于数字生态显露的各种问题,“算法化”是重构数字生态、降解社会系统复杂性的关键机制,DAO媒介是支撑“自组织式”算法化的元媒介。DAO媒介与数字文明时代喷发的微粒个体、微资源、微价值、微需求、微场景等相匹配,能够深度匹配人的个性与自我,形成有效的趣缘连接,进而极大地释放数字文明的生产力。DAO媒介将深刻影响社会系统的构造,将微粒个体与相关社会要素“包裹”为闭环子系统,支持其准开放的系统边界、有效的异质性整合、可持续的规则重构、子系统与父级系统的持续分化和快速进化,等等。在数字文明时代,DAO媒介将使“重新部落化”的“地球村”变为现实,其驱动构筑的DAO社会将更加多元、更加富有创造力,不断拓展人类群体实践的自由度,使人类在高度异质性聚合基础上更加和谐有序地整合协同。

The Journey/DAO/TAO of Embodied Intelligence: From Large Models to Foundation Intelligence and Parallel Intelligence

THE tremendous impact of large models represented by ChatGPT[1]-[3]makes it necessary to con-sider the practical applications of such models[4].However,for an artificial intelligence(AI)to truly evolve,it needs to possess a physical“body”to transition from the virtual world to the real world and evolve through interaction with the real environments.In this context,“embodied intelligence”has sparked a new wave of research and technology,leading AI beyond the digital realm into a new paradigm that can actively act and perceive in a physical environment through tangible entities such as robots and automated devices[5].

Attention Markets of Blockchain-Based Decentralized Autonomous Organizations

The attention is a scarce resource in decentralized autonomous organizations(DAOs),as their self-governance relies heavily on the attention-intensive decision-making process of“proposal and voting”.To prevent the negative effects of pro-posers’attention-capturing strategies that contribute to the“tragedy of the commons”and ensure an efficient distribution of attention among multiple proposals,it is necessary to establish a market-driven allocation scheme for DAOs’attention.First,the Harberger tax-based attention markets are designed to facilitate its allocation via continuous and automated trading,where the individualized Harberger tax rate(HTR)determined by the pro-posers’reputation is adopted.Then,the Stackelberg game model is formulated in these markets,casting attention to owners in the role of leaders and other competitive proposers as followers.Its equilibrium trading strategies are also discussed to unravel the intricate dynamics of attention pricing.Moreover,utilizing the single-round Stackelberg game as an illustrative example,the existence of Nash equilibrium trading strategies is demonstrated.Finally,the impact of individualized HTR on trading strategies is investigated,and results suggest that it has a negative correlation with leaders’self-accessed prices and ownership duration,but its effect on their revenues varies under different conditions.This study is expected to provide valuable insights into leveraging attention resources to improve DAOs’governance and decision-making process.

A Framework Based on the DAO and NFT in Blockchain for Electronic Document Sharing

In the information age,electronic documents(e-documents)have become a popular alternative to paper documents due to their lower costs,higher dissemination rates,and ease of knowledge sharing.However,digital copyright infringements occur frequently due to the ease of copying,which not only infringes on the rights of creators but also weakens their creative enthusiasm.Therefore,it is crucial to establish an e-document sharing system that enforces copyright protection.However,the existing centralized system has outstanding vulnerabilities,and the plagiarism detection algorithm used cannot fully detect the context,semantics,style,and other factors of the text.Digital watermark technology is only used as a means of infringement tracing.This paper proposes a decentralized framework for e-document sharing based on decentralized autonomous organization(DAO)and non-fungible token(NFT)in blockchain.The use of blockchain as a distributed credit base resolves the vulnerabilities inherent in traditional centralized systems.The e-document evaluation and plagiarism detection mechanisms based on the DAO model effectively address challenges in comprehensive text information checks,thereby promoting the enhancement of e-document quality.The mechanism for protecting and circulating e-document copyrights using NFT technology ensures effective safeguarding of users’e-document copyrights and facilitates e-document sharing.Moreover,recognizing the security issues within the DAO governance mechanism,we introduce an innovative optimization solution.Through experimentation,we validate the enhanced security of the optimized governance mechanism,reducing manipulation risks by up to 51%.Additionally,by utilizing evolutionary game analysis to deduce the equilibrium strategies of the framework,we discovered that adjusting the reward and penalty parameters of the incentive mechanism motivates creators to generate superior quality and unique e-documents,while evaluators are more likely to engage in assessments.

Integrating Levels of Hierarchical Organization in Porous Organic Molecular Materials

Porous organic molecular materials(POMMs)are an emergent class of molecular-based materials characterized by the formation of extended porous frameworks,mainly held by non-covalent interactions.POMMs represent a variety of chemical families,such as hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks,porous organic salts,porous organic cages,C-H···πmicroporous crystals,supramolecular organic frameworks,π-organic frameworks,halogen-bonded organic framework,and intrinsically porous molecular materials.In some porous materials such as zeolites and metal organic frameworks,the integration of multiscale has been adopted to build materials with multifunctionality and optimized properties.Therefore,considering the significant role of hierarchy in porous materials and the growing importance of POMMs in the realm of synthetic porous materials,we consider it appropriate to dedicate for the first time a critical review covering both topics.Herein,we will provide a summary of literature examples showcasing hierarchical POMMs,with a focus on their main synthetic approaches,applications,and the advantages brought forth by introducing hierarchy.

3D genome organization and its study in livestock breeding

Eukaryotic genomes are hierarchically packaged into cell nucleus,affecting gene regulation.The genome is organized into multiscale structural units,including chromosome territories,compartments,topologically associating domains(TADs),and DNA loops.The identification of these hierarchical structures has benefited from the development of experimental approaches,such as 3C-based methods(Hi-C,ChIA-PET,etc.),imaging tools(2D-FISH,3D-FISH,Cryo-FISH,etc.)and ligation-free methods(GAM,SPRITE,etc.).In recent two decades,numerous studies have shown that the 3D organization of genome plays essential roles in multiple cellular processes via various mechanisms,such as regulating enhancer activity and promoter-enhancer interactions.However,there are relatively few studies about the 3D genome in livestock species.Therefore,studies for exploring the function of 3D genomes in livestock are urgently needed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of potential relationships between the genome and production traits.In this review,we summarize the recent advances of 3D genomics and its biological functions in human and mouse studies,drawing inspiration to explore the 3D genomics of livestock species.We then mainly focus on the biological functions of 3D genome organization in muscle development and its implications in animal breeding.

How Software Engineering Transforms Organizations: An Open and Qualitative Study on the Organizational Objectives and Motivations in Agile Transformations

Agile Transformations are challenging processes for organizations that look to extend the benefits of Agile philosophy and methods beyond software engineering.Despite the impact of these transformations on orga-nizations,they have not been extensively studied in academia.We conducted a study grounded in workshops and interviews with 99 participants from 30 organizations,including organizations undergoing transformations(“final organizations”)and companies supporting these processes(“consultants”).The study aims to understand the motivations,objectives,and factors driving and challenging these transformations.Over 700 responses were collected to the question and categorized into 32 objectives.The findings show that organizations primarily aim to achieve customer centricity and adaptability,both with 8%of the mentions.Other primary important objectives,with above 4%of mentions,include alignment of goals,lean delivery,sustainable processes,and a flatter,more team-based organizational structure.We also detect discrepancies in perspectives between the objectives identified by the two kinds of organizations and the existing agile literature and models.This misalignment highlights the need for practitioners to understand with the practical realities the organizations face.

Auxiliary Software for Defining the Parameters of the Structural Organization of a Complex System

The developed auxiliary software serves to simplify, standardize and facilitate the software loading of the structural organization of a complex technological system, as well as its further manipulation within the process of solving the considered technological system. Its help can be especially useful in the case of a complex structural organization of a technological system with a large number of different functional elements grouped into several technological subsystems. This paper presents the results of its application for a special complex technological system related to the reference steam block for the combined production of heat and electricity.

Industrial Organization in the Digital Economy Era:Evolution and Effects

Advances in digital technology and vast data applications have resulted in the emergence of the digital economy paradigm,which is a new techno-economic paradigm for the digital economy age.Under this paradigm,the industrial organization has shifted toward networked,platform-based,boundaryless,and integrated development with new characteristics.Specifically,there has been a fierce“positional arms race”fueled by financial capital,accelerating the growth of platform companies.The“hierarchical monopolistic competition”market structure has taken shape,resulting in a“coexistence without disruption”monopolistic competition.As platform businesses expand into new business sectors,competition among industrial ecosystems intensifies.Data and algorithms have become secret weapons for corporate success,allowing platform companies to expand their monopolistic forces.Industrial organization in the digital era has revolutionized the operating rules and logic of industrial economy,giving rise to new industries,business models,and paradigms,as well as being conducive to international cooperation and intelligent regulation.Meanwhile,it has introduced new challenges to socioeconomic development,making platform companies’anti-competitive and monopolistic behaviors more implicit,privacy and security concerns more conspicuous,and antitrust identification and investigation more difficult.The government should embrace the evolving trends of industrial organization in the digital economy era,accelerate regulatory transition,and strengthen governance and regulation under the digital economy paradigm.

An Exploration of Organizational Development in the Process of Innovation and Transformation of Pharmaceutical Enterprises-Taking X Pharmaceutical Enterprise as an Example

Objective To study how to promote the smooth innovation and transformation of enterprises and enhance the market competitiveness of enterprises from the perspective of human resources organization development.In the wave of pharmaceutical industry reform,some entrepreneurs realize the importance of innovation and technology in the future.However,domestic pharmaceutical enterprises are still in the production-oriented stage.In the process of transformative innovation,pharmaceutical enterprises should not only rely on the support of scientific and technological and economic forces,but also need a suitable organizational change and many excellent talents as the source of development.Methods Through retrieving relevant literature and combined with the organizational development practice of X pharmaceutical enterprise,the organizational development model was explored in this paper.Results and Conclusion By forming a system of strategy,organization,talent,culture and mechanism,and building an organizational development model,we can improve the organizational atmosphere and organizational efficiency in the process of enterprise innovation and transformation,so as to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises in the market.

Exploration of Construction Organization for Maintenance of Steam Turbine Equipment in Thermal Power Plants

The continuous development of the power industry has had a positive impact on thermal power plants,helping them maintain a good production form.In the use of steam turbine equipment in thermal power plants,to prolong its lifespan and avoid safety hazards,it is necessary to pay attention to strengthening maintenance and construction organization,better implementing effective organizational work,and effectively applying steam turbine equipment to ensure the sustainable development of thermal power plants.This article discusses the concept of equipment maintenance from the perspective of steam turbine equipment in thermal power plants,analyzes the current situation of equipment maintenance,and proposes a specific construction organization to provide a reference for steam turbine equipment maintenance.

A Semantic-Sensitive Approach to Indoor and Outdoor 3D Data Organization

Building model data organization is often programmed to solve a specific problem,resulting in the inability to organize indoor and outdoor 3D scenes in an integrated manner.In this paper,existing building spatial data models are studied,and the characteristics of building information modeling standards(IFC),city geographic modeling language(CityGML),indoor modeling language(IndoorGML),and other models are compared and analyzed.CityGML and IndoorGML models face challenges in satisfying diverse application scenarios and requirements due to limitations in their expression capabilities.It is proposed to combine the semantic information of the model objects to effectively partition and organize the indoor and outdoor spatial 3D model data and to construct the indoor and outdoor data organization mechanism of“chunk-layer-subobject-entrances-area-detail object.”This method is verified by proposing a 3D data organization method for indoor and outdoor space and constructing a 3D visualization system based on it.

去中心化理念对传统组织法的冲击与再造——以“去中心化自治组织”(DAO)为中心的考察

传统组织法以单一的中心化假设为指引的模式,已经难以满足当下投资者的经济民主化诉求,在去中心化理念的冲击下,其适应性存疑。传统组织法应当适度接纳去中心化理念,而“去中心化自治组织”(DAO)由于具备商业上的可行性以及与传统法的可兼容性,是去中心化组织法研究的理想样本。将去中心化理念融入组织法,需要着重解决中心化节点权责配置错位问题,构建实控成员减轻信义义务框架以完善信义体系。还应进一步完善作为组织法支撑的通证监管框架,逐步实现“从通证化证券到证券通证”的设想。当然,也不应排除缔造“中心化—去中心化”二元组织法架构的可能性。

脓毒症预后不良患者血清I-FABP、DAO、D-Lac水平变化及其危险因素探讨

目的 探讨脓毒症预后不良患者血清肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白(I-FABP)、二胺氧化酶(DAO)、D-乳酸(D-Lac)水平变化及其危险因素。方法 收集2017年7月至2020年3月秦皇岛市第一医院收治的454例脓毒症患者临床资料,根据患者预后情况将其分为预后良好组(273例)和预后不良组(181例),统计脓毒症患者预后不良发生现状及其单因素,采用多因素Logistic回归分析脓毒症患者预后不良的危险因素。结果 454例脓毒症患者预后不良共181例,预后不良发生率为39.87%。单因素分析结果显示,预后不良组与预后良好组年龄、平均动脉压(MAP)、急性生理与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、感染相关器官功能衰竭(SOFA)评分、外周血白细胞(WBC)、中性粒细胞(NEU)、血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、总胆红素(TBil)、前白蛋白(PAB)、I-FABP、DAO、D-Lac、D-二聚体(D-d)水平及凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)、国际标准化比值(INR)比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄较大、MAP较低、APACHEⅡ评分较高、SOFA评分较高、外周血NEU、血清CRP、PCT、BUN、Scr、DAO、D-Lac、D-d、I-FABP水平较高、PT、APTT较长均为脓毒症患者预后不良的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 脓毒症患者预后不良发生率较高,同时其危险因素与患者年龄、MAP、APACHEⅡ、SOFA评分、外周血NEU、血清CRP、PCT、BUN、Scr、DAO、D-Lac、D-d、I-FABP水平、PT、APT有关。

DAO to HANOI via DeSci: AI Paradigm Shifts from AlphaGo to ChatGPT

From AlphaGo to ChatGPT,the field of AI has launched a series of remarkable achievements in recent years.Analyzing,comparing,and summarizing these achievements at the paradigm level is important for future AI innovation,but has not received sufficient attention.In this paper,we give an overview and perspective on machine learning paradigms.First,we propose a paradigm taxonomy with three levels and seven dimensions from a knowledge perspective.Accordingly,we give an overview on three basic and twelve extended learning paradigms,such as Ensemble Learning,Transfer Learning,etc.,with figures in unified style.We further analyze three advanced paradigms,i.e.,AlphaGo,AlphaFold and ChatGPT.Second,to enable more efficient and effective scientific discovery,we propose to build a new ecosystem that drives AI paradigm shifts through the decentralized science(DeSci)movement based on decentralized autonomous organization(DAO).To this end,we design the Hanoi framework,which integrates human factors,parallel intelligence based on a combination of artificial systems and the natural world,and the DAO to inspire AI innovations.

What Does ChatGPT Say:The DAO from Algorithmic Intelligence to Linguistic Intelligence

THE well-known ancient Chinese philosopher Lao Tzu(老子)or Laozi(6th~4th century BC during the Spring and Autumn period)started his classic Tao Teh Ching《道德经》or Dao De Jing(see Fig.1)with six Chinese characters:"道(Dao)可(Ke)道(Dao)非(Fei)常(Chang)道(Dao)",which has been traditionally interpreted as“道可道,非常道”or"The Dao that can be spoken is not the eternal Dao".

探讨瓜蒌大黄汤对重症肺炎肺热腑实证患者血SP-A、DAO、炎症因子影响及临床疗效

目的 基于“肺与大肠相表里”理论,探索以宣肺通腑法为指导,在瓜蒌大黄汤干预下,对肺表面活性蛋白A(SP-A)、二胺氧化酶(DAO)及炎症因子等影响,揭示瓜蒌大黄汤治疗重症肺炎的作用机制及疗效。方法 筛选诊断为重症肺炎,中医辨证为肺热腑实证患者62例,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组各31例,两组又依据肺炎病情严重程度分为中高危亚组、极高危亚组。对照组给予常规西医治疗,试验组在对照组基础上加用瓜蒌大黄汤灌肠,观察并记录治疗前及治疗第7、14天两组患者血SP-A、DAO、胃动素(MTL)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞(WBC)、中性粒细胞比率(NEUT%)水平及中医证候评分、急性生理与慢性健康评分(APACHE Ⅱ评分)、临床肺部感染评分(CPIS评分)、急性胃肠损伤评分(AGI评分)、临床疗效、28 d病死率、机械通气时间、ICU住院天数。结果 中高危亚组中,治疗第14天时试验组SP-A、DAO、WBC、NEUT%、TNF-α、IL-6指标水平明显低于对照组,治疗第7、14天时试验组MTL指标水平均明显高于对照组,P<0.05;治疗第7、14天时试验组AGI评分、CPIS评分均明显低于对照组,治疗第14天时试验组APACHE Ⅱ评分明显低于对照组,P<0.05。极高危亚组中,试验组与对照组以上指标比较差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。中高危亚组中,治疗第7、14天时试验组便秘评分明显低于对照组,治疗第14天时试验组喘息、腹胀评分明显低于对照组,P<0.05。极高危亚组中,治疗第14天时试验组便秘评分明显低于对照组,P<0.05。中高危亚组中,试验组显效率明显高于对照组,机械通气时间明显低于对照组,P<0.05;中高危亚组和极高危亚组中,试验组与对照组ICU住院天数、28 d病死率比较差异均无统计学意义,P>0.05。结论 重症肺炎肺热腑实证患者给予瓜蒌大黄汤灌肠能明显改善胃肠道症状,能改善中高危重症肺炎患者呼吸困难等临床症状,促进肺、肠黏膜屏障修复,减轻炎症反应,缩短呼吸机的上机时间,但不能改变预后。

元宇宙中的管理创新:从科层到DAO

DAO(非中心化自治组织)是适应元宇宙的组织方式,将成为企业在数字经济时代的主要管理模式,现有的企业组织形态面临解构和重构,企业管理将出现重大创新。与传统企业中心化的科层组织模式不同,DAO承载的是达成共识的群体自发产生的共创、共建、共治、共享协同行为。本文从DAO的成本、共识、激励和投票机制等方面,通过交易费用理论和案例分析,对比了传统科层组织模式与DAO的优缺点,讨论了DAO的适用场景和限制条件,提出企业利用DAO实现管理创新的主要障碍是企业目标的科层式达成方式和自上而下的企业文化。在现有技术水平之下,DAO仍然存在由底层技术造成的模式缺陷,因而需要设计适合产业特征的解决方案,本文最后对传统企业的转型提出了建议。

高龄消化道穿孔治疗中应用腹腔镜修补术效果及 FABP2、DAO、D-乳酸水平的影响

目的:探究高龄消化道穿孔治疗中应用腹腔镜修补术效果及对脂肪酸结合蛋白-2(FABP2)、二胶氧化酶(DAO)、D-乳酸水平的影响。方法:选取本院普外科2020年1月—2021年12月收治的高龄消化道穿孔患者89例,随机数字表法分为开腹组和腹腔镜组,相应接受开腹修补术、腹腔镜修补术治疗,比较两组疗效及FABP2、DAO、D-乳酸水平变化。结果:两组手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),腹腔镜组术中出血量较开腹组更少,术后下床、住院时间及肠鸣音恢复、肛门排气及排便时间较开腹组更短(P<0.05)。腹腔镜组术后并发症总发生率低于开腹组(P<0.05)。术后7d两组FABP2、DAO、D-乳酸水平均低于手术当天,且腹腔镜组均低于开腹组(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜修补术治疗高龄消化道穿孔可获得较开腹修补术更满意的疗效,可更明显控制FABP2、DAO及D-乳酸水平,值得广泛推广。

针刺治疗对AGI患者的血清LPS、DAO、I-FABP的影响

目的观察针刺治疗对急性胃肠损伤(AGI)危重症患者的血清脂肪酶(LPS)、二胺氧化酶(DAO)、肠脂肪酸结合蛋白(I-FABP)水平的影响。方法将64例患者按照随机数字表法随机分成两组,常规组32例,给予西医抗炎、抑酸护胃常规治疗;针刺组32例,在常规治疗基础上予针刺治疗,疗程为7 d。两组均在治疗第1、4、7天采集静脉血,采用ELISA法检测血清LPS、DAO、I-FABP的水平,比较两组患者在治疗第1、4和7天LPS、DAO、I-FABP的变化。结果治疗第1天,两组各项指标间比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。治疗第4、7天,针刺组的LPS、DAO、I-FABP均较常规组下降明显(P<0.05)。结论针刺联合常规西医治疗,可明显降低LPS、DAO、I-FABP水平,可能通过改善LPS、DAO、I-FABP水平促进肠康复。