UNITED INTERNATIONAL CENTRAL CITY: A NEW SPATIAL ORGANIZATION MODEL IN TUMEN RIVER ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT ZONE

This paper puts forward a new conceptual idea on constructing an international central city in the Tumen River Economy Development Zone (TREDZ) on the basis of analysis of the superiorities and problems in developing city, and from the view point of present social, economic and natural conditions in this area and the background of Northeast Asia. The united international central city is the best distribution model not only in its polycentric spatial structure but also in organizing form. Its feasibility and practicability are thoroughly proved from various aspects including urban planning principles, comparison of port cities, special characteristics of cooperation in TREDZ, and natural, social, cultural factors etc.

An Exploration of Organizational Development in the Process of Innovation and Transformation of Pharmaceutical Enterprises-Taking X Pharmaceutical Enterprise as an Example

Objective To study how to promote the smooth innovation and transformation of enterprises and enhance the market competitiveness of enterprises from the perspective of human resources organization development.In the wave of pharmaceutical industry reform,some entrepreneurs realize the importance of innovation and technology in the future.However,domestic pharmaceutical enterprises are still in the production-oriented stage.In the process of transformative innovation,pharmaceutical enterprises should not only rely on the support of scientific and technological and economic forces,but also need a suitable organizational change and many excellent talents as the source of development.Methods Through retrieving relevant literature and combined with the organizational development practice of X pharmaceutical enterprise,the organizational development model was explored in this paper.Results and Conclusion By forming a system of strategy,organization,talent,culture and mechanism,and building an organizational development model,we can improve the organizational atmosphere and organizational efficiency in the process of enterprise innovation and transformation,so as to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises in the market.

Organization of pattern information in the pattern based software development:A POMSDP model

Foeused on the lack of proper organization for patterns in the development of pattern based software, a POMSDP model with layered tree structure for organizing patterns during the process of development was put torward. The model and its interrelated eoneepts were strictly defined and introduced by applying the theory of set, symbolie logic and pattern, which ensures the correctness, maturity and expansibility of the model. The expansibility of the model was discussed mainly. The basic realization and the application in the automatic query system were presented. Based on the existing software development methods, the POMSDP model resolves the problem of chaos in the application of patterns, strengthens the controllability of the system, and facilitates the improvement, maintenance, expansion, and especially the reengineering of the software system.

Present Situation and Development Mode of Chinese Farmers' Cooperative Organizations

In developed countries,the typical modes of farmers' cooperative organizations are " German mode", " Japan and South Korea mode" and " American mode". The development of farmers' cooperative organizations in China is the product of need and being needed,with low level of specialization,systematism and industrialization. However,Chinese farmers' cooperative organizations have the advantages of diversification,full supporting and great opportunities of Internet economy and e-commerce environment. Based on that,this paper puts forward the " Chinese mode" for the development of farmers' cooperative organizations in China in the future,that is,the main body of innovation and entrepreneurship will unite,and the other entities of production and industry will follow them.

Modification of tooth development by heat shock protein 60

several heat shock proteins have been investigated in relation to tooth development, no available information is available about the spatial and temporal expression pattern of heat shock protein 60 （Hsp 60）. To characterize Hsp 60 expression in the structures of the developing tooth germ, we used Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Hsp 60 was present in high amounts in the inner and outer enamel epithelia, enamel knot （EK） and stratum intermedium （SI）. Hsp 60 also appeared in odontoblasts beginning in the bell stage. To obtain data on the possible effect of Hsp 60 on isolated lower incisors from mice, we performed in vitro culturing. To investigate the effect of exogenous Hsp 60 on the cell cycle during culturing, we used the 5-bromo-2- deoxyuridine （BrdU） incorporation test on dental cells. Exogenously administered Hsp 60 caused bluntness at the apical part of the 16.5-day-old tooth germs, but it did not influence the proliferation rate of dental cells. We identified the expression of Hsp 60 in the developing tooth germ, which was present in high concentrations in the inner and outer enamel epithelia, EK, SI and odontoblasts. High concentration of exogenous Hsp 60 can cause abnormal morphology of the tooth germ, but it did not influence the proliferation rate of the dental cells. Our results suggest that increased levels of Hsp 60 may cause abnormalities in the morphological development of the tooth germ and support the data on the significance of Hsp during the developmental processes.

Entrepreneurship and Organizations' Development

In modern society,the competition has become increasingly fierce.Organizations pay close attention to their manage ment in order to gain the priority.Under this context,entrepreneurship has been attached great importance to.Entrepreneurship has played an indispensable role in organizations.Compare to those short-lived companies,powerful organizations,such as Google,IBM and P&G has gain great progress in the last decades.Therefore,it is essential to study how the powerful organiza tion could always be innovative.This paper aims to study the role that entrepreneurship plays in the organizations and take Google as an example.It provides some previous lessons that Chinese organizations could draw from.

Researches on Agricultural Cooperative Economic Organization Promoting Agricultural Insurance Development

The advantages of cooperative economic organization being the effective carrier of agricultural insurance development are analyzed. Firstly, cooperative economic organization promotes scale management and solves the problem of decentralized operation of small households. Secondly, cooperative economic organization can settle the problem of peasants' low systematization. Thirdly, cooperative economic organization can largely reduce the costs of agricultural insurance operation. Fourthly, cooperative organization decreases moral risks as well as adverse selection to some extent. Lastly, cooperative organization, to a certain degree, reduces the risks of agricultural production and increases the insurability of agricultural risks. Meanwhile, limitations of agricultural cooperative economic organization being the carrier of agricultural insurance operation are pointed out. Firstly, cooperative economic organization has limited coverage and small size of organization, which is harmful to the diversification of agricultural risks. Secondly, cooperative economic organization lacks capital funds and its development is not standard, which is not perfect for the function exertion as a carrier. Lastly, members of professional cooperative organization have low cultural qualities, which restrict the implementation of agricultural insurance. The modes of farmers' cooperative economic organization promoting agricultural insurance development are proposed, including mode of agricultural insurance cooperative ( mutual corporation), mode of "leading enterprises (companies) + professional cooperative organization (planting majors) + insurance" and mode of professional cooperatives serving as agricultural insurance agent. Last of all, the promoting role of agricultural insurance in agricultural cooperative economic organization is briefly illustrated.

Development of business capacity and organization of commercial business of farmer based organizations in the northern intervention zone in Ghana: A case study of nine-farmer based organizations

The Agricultural Component of the Millennium Challenge Account Ghana Compact was to alleviate poverty and improve livelihoods of farmers through commercial development of farmer organizations in the intervention zones in Ghana. In Ghana, there were three intervention zones as Southern Horticultural Zone, Afram Basin Zone and Northern Horticultural Zone. Nine Farmer Based Organizations (FBO’s) of 450 farmers consisting of 65.1% males and 34.9% females in the West Mamprusi district of the Northern Horticultural Zone were trained by authors under the Millennium Development Authority (MiDA) Agricultural Project. Farmers of the FBO’s were trained on nine modules on Business Capacity Building and five modules on Organization of Commercial Business over a period of six weeks. Age range of trainee farmers was 30-39 years for males representing 37.54% and 40-49 years for females representing 29.94%. Educational level of trainee farmers was 9.90% males and 1.91% females who completed primary school. Trainee farmers who completed senior high school were 2.73% and 0.64% for males and females, respectively. There were no university graduates among the trainees of the nine farmer groups trained. Among the educated trainee farmers was 81.91% male illiterate and 91.72% illiterate. Trainees’ farm size was 0.4-2.0 hectares representing 57.43% males and 66.45% females. Attendance of male trainees over the period of six weeks was 89.76% and 10.24% absentees, whereas attendance of females over the same period was 88.96% and 11.04% absentees. Nine Action Business Plans were developed for the nine FBO’s to access financial support from the MiDA participating financial institutions in the horticultural zone for the commercial development of farmers’ organizations. This paper presents a case study analysis of Business Capacity Building and Organization of Commercial Business modules provided in the Northern Horticultural Zone to nine Farmer Based Organizations (FBO’s).

Zakat, Local Social Organization, and Social Capital in Rural Economic Development

Zakat as a source of development funding encourages well functioning of local organizations and social capital formation. Zakat management conducted by an organization with a set of norms promotes the development of local community organizations＇ function for the rural economic development activities. A case study was conducted in the Village of Patila, South Sulawesi Province. The community in this village successfully managed the selfsupporting development of social and agriculture infrastructures. Data collected were the activities of local organization of the board members of the mosque and educational development foundations, farmer group, and collective stall group. The results showed that a community truth on the mosque and educational development foundations was formed by the social infrastructure development of mosque and schools through the effectiveness of the zakat payment by rules （norms）. Both development foundations could function well through the network with villagers who migrate to other island as a potential zakat payer. Strengthening the social development organization supported the development of collective stall and pump farming system. The process of social and economic development in the Village of Patila as well as social capital formation encouraged people to carry out selfsupport development activities.

Training and Development Strategies for Senior and Middle Level Managers with the Purpose of Learning Organizations

In the presence of dynamic organizational environment and a growing supply of‘knowledgeable employees’which require more professional managers to address their fast changing and increasing needs,senior and middle level managers are now required to keep up with the dynamic and learning environment more than ever.In order to train senior and middle level managers,the article has recommended four perspectives to encourage the development of learning manager.The first aspect for senior and middle level mangers is to integrate learning talents into their practices.The second point is to encourage managers to provide strong support for individuals and teams to develop a learning organization.The third point encourages learning managers and organizations to be composed into the culture of the organization.The last point advocates for more open and free dissemination of information and knowledge to be allowed within an organization.

Impact of taxes on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development:Evidence from Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD)countries

Multiple ecological and socioeconomic problems have occurred worldwide,raising the awareness of sustainability.This study aims to examine the impact of taxes on Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in the context of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)countries.This research used effective average tax(EAT),tax on personal income(TPI),tax on corporate profits(TCP),and tax on goods and services(TGS)as the variables of taxes,and employed secondary data from 38 OECD countries covering 2000–2021.The study also used Breusch-Pagan Lagrange Multiplier(LM),Pesaran Scaled LM,Bias-Corrected Scaled LM,and Pesaran Cross-sectional dependence(CSD)tests to analyze the existence of crosssectional dependency.Then,we established the stationarity of variables through second-generation panel unit root tests(Cross-sectional Augmented Dickey-Fuller(CADF)and Cross-sectional Im,Pesaran,and Shin(CIPS)),and confirmed the long-run cointegration of the variables by using secondgeneration panel cointegration test(Westerlund cointegration test).The results showed that EAT,TPI,TCP,and TGS are positively associated with SDGs.However,the change in TPI has a smaller effect on SDGs than the change in EAT or TCP or TGS.The result of panel causality indicated that EAT,TPI,and TGS have a unidirectional causal relationship with SDGs.The study also found that TCP has a bi-directional causal relationship with SDGs.Moreover,the finding indicated that the OECD countries need to focus on tax policies to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.This study is based on the theory of optimal taxation(TOT),which suggests that tax systems should be designed to maximize social welfare.Finally,we suggests the importance of taking a comprehensive approach for the managers and policy-makers when analyzing the impact of taxes on SDGs.

Recent Advances of Bioactive Marine Natural Products in Drug Discovery

Marine natural products(MNPs)are valuable resources for drug development.To date,17 drugs from marine sources are in clinical use,and 33 pharmaceutical compounds are in clinical trials.Presently the success of drug development from the marine resources is higher than the industry average.It is a feasible strategy to conduct the discovery of druglead compounds based on marine chemical ecology by fully exploiting the pharmacological potential of marine chemical defense matters.In the search for bioactive MNPs,our group has constructed a biological resources library including more than 1500 strains of fungi.Focusing on the strategy of Blue Drug Library,we have discovered a series of novel MNPs with abundant biological functions.Highly efficient and scalable total synthesis of(+)-aniduquinolone A(44)and pesimquinolone I(48)have been completed,which will facilitate access to sufficient quantities of candidates for in vivo pharmacological and toxicological studies.As a nucleoprotein(NP)inhibitor,QLA(75)possesses significant anti-influenza A virus(IAV)activities both in vitro and in vivo.CHNQD-00803(76)is a potent and selective AMP-activated kinase(AMPK)activator that can effectively inhibit metabolic disorders and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)progression.Moreover,we identified two new candidate molecules with potent anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects.Particularly,as a natural guanine-nucleotide exchange factors for ADP-ribosylation factor GTPases(Arf-GEFs)inhibitor prodrug,CHNQD-01255(78)is qualified to be developed as a targeted candidate anticancer drug,which may be promising to apply for cancer immunotherapy.Hence,it is evident that MNPs play an important role in drug development.

3D genome organization and its study in livestock breeding

Eukaryotic genomes are hierarchically packaged into cell nucleus,affecting gene regulation.The genome is organized into multiscale structural units,including chromosome territories,compartments,topologically associating domains(TADs),and DNA loops.The identification of these hierarchical structures has benefited from the development of experimental approaches,such as 3C-based methods(Hi-C,ChIA-PET,etc.),imaging tools(2D-FISH,3D-FISH,Cryo-FISH,etc.)and ligation-free methods(GAM,SPRITE,etc.).In recent two decades,numerous studies have shown that the 3D organization of genome plays essential roles in multiple cellular processes via various mechanisms,such as regulating enhancer activity and promoter-enhancer interactions.However,there are relatively few studies about the 3D genome in livestock species.Therefore,studies for exploring the function of 3D genomes in livestock are urgently needed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of potential relationships between the genome and production traits.In this review,we summarize the recent advances of 3D genomics and its biological functions in human and mouse studies,drawing inspiration to explore the 3D genomics of livestock species.We then mainly focus on the biological functions of 3D genome organization in muscle development and its implications in animal breeding.

Development of organ transplantation in China and organ donation

This article provides a concise overview of the development of organ transplantation in China.Inspired by international advancements in organ transplantation,China embarked on its own organ transplantation research journey in 1958.The clinical evaluation phase is marked by the first cadaveric kidney transplant in 1960 and the first living-donor kidney transplant in 1972.By 1989,the annual number of successful kidney transplants had surpassed 1000.However,57 liver transplants were performed between 1977 and 1983;limitations in technology and the scarcity of cyclosporine A resulted in unfavorable outcomes for most recipients,with the majority succumbing within 3 months of surgery.These factors led to a near-complete halt in liver,heart,and lung transplants for the following decade.With all 4 conditions met-(1)mature surgical techniques,(2)powerful immunosuppressive agents available for clinical use,(3)new organ preservation solutions that ensure the quality and transportation of donor organs,and(4)reasonable and legal sources of organs-China's organ transplantation field has experienced rapid development.In 2014,there were 9652 organ transplants,and this number grew to 20,225 by 2022.Despite the progress,China's organ donation rate per million remains relatively low,3.86 ranking 48th globally in 2022,underscoring the need for increased public awareness and support for organ donation.

A NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY BASED ON PRODUCT MASTER MODEL

Product Master Model(PMM)Technology is a philosophy and methodology for organizing,managing and controlling product development processes,sharing the information and knowledge of the product and its processes.In this paper,the concept of PMM is proposes,the basic theory of PMM technologies is studied,the blackboard architecture of PMM is proposed,the product development process framework is explored,and the prototype system of PMM is developed.

非ODS有机溶剂清洗剂的研究现状与展望

介绍了ODS清洗剂存在的问题;过渡性替代ODS有机溶剂清洗剂的组成、性能、应用场所、淘汰时限、优缺点等;非ODS有机溶剂清洗剂的配方、性能、应用领域等方面的进展。非ODS有机溶剂清洗剂不破坏臭氧层,是ODS及过渡性替代ODS清洗剂的理想替代品。

THE STUDY OF EARLY DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION OF Torrentophryne aspinia

Torrentophryne aspinia is a new kind of toads discovered in China recently, it lives in the forest floor in West Yunnan, the most important things for this kind of species is that they have a kind of torrent-adapted tadpoles which have abdominal suckers and can adhere to the surfaces of rocks in moving waters. In this article, we described the forming procedures of abdominal sucker and some breeding behaviors, habitats and habits. After comparing with those of other toads, it is confirmed that Torrentophryne should be a new valid genus, it is derived from ancestor toads because of adaptation to the torrent habitats, by the forming of torrent -adapted organ-abdominal sucker in the early development.

手性农药在Chiralcel OD-H柱上多种色谱模式下的拆分

在Chiralcel OD-H手性柱上,反相、极性有机相色谱模式下对三唑类手性农药戊唑醇、三唑酮、戊菌唑、己唑醇进行了拆分。三唑酮、戊菌唑、己唑醇获得了基线分离(Rs>1.5),戊唑醇获得了部分分离。流动相极性和组成对样品的保留和手性分离有较大的影响。