The developed auxiliary software serves to simplify, standardize and facilitate the software loading of the structural organization of a complex technological system, as well as its further manipulation within the pro...The developed auxiliary software serves to simplify, standardize and facilitate the software loading of the structural organization of a complex technological system, as well as its further manipulation within the process of solving the considered technological system. Its help can be especially useful in the case of a complex structural organization of a technological system with a large number of different functional elements grouped into several technological subsystems. This paper presents the results of its application for a special complex technological system related to the reference steam block for the combined production of heat and electricity.展开更多
Exploration of soil environmental characteristics governing soil microbial community structure and activity may improve our understanding of biogeochemical processes and soil quality. The impact of soil environmental ...Exploration of soil environmental characteristics governing soil microbial community structure and activity may improve our understanding of biogeochemical processes and soil quality. The impact of soil environmental characteristics especially organic carbon availability after 15-yr different organic and inorganic fertilizer inputs on soil bacterial community structure and functional metabolic diversity of soil microbial communities were evaluated in a 15-yr fertilizer experiment in Changping County, Beijing, China. The experiment was a wheat-maize rotation system which was established in 1991 including four different fertilizer treatments. These treatments included: a non-amended control(CK), a commonly used application rate of inorganic fertilizer treatment(NPK); a commonly used application rate of inorganic fertilizer with swine manure incorporated treatment(NPKM), and a commonly used application rate of inorganic fertilizer with maize straw incorporated treatment(NPKS). Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) of the 16 S r RNA gene was used to determine the bacterial community structure and single carbon source utilization profiles were determined to characterize the microbial community functional metabolic diversity of different fertilizer treatments using Biolog Eco plates. The results indicated that long-term fertilized treatments significantly increased soil bacterial community structure compared to CK. The use of inorganic fertilizer with organic amendments incorporated for long term(NPKM, NPKS) significantly promoted soil bacterial structure than the application of inorganic fertilizer only(NPK), and NPKM treatment was the most important driver for increases in the soil microbial community richness(S) and structural diversity(H). Overall utilization of carbon sources by soil microbial communities(average well color development, AWCD) and microbial substrate utilization diversity and evenness indices(H' and E) indicated that long-term inorganic fertilizer with organic amendments incorporated(NPKM, NPKS) could significantly stimulate soil microbial metabolic activity and functional diversity relative to CK, while no differences of them were found between NPKS and NPK treatments. Principal component analysis(PCA) based on carbon source utilization profiles also showed significant separation of soil microbial community under long-term fertilization regimes and NPKM treatment was significantly separated from the other three treatments primarily according to the higher microbial utilization of carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, polymers, phenolic compounds, and amino acid, while higher utilization of amines/amides differed soil microbial community in NPKS treatment from those in the other three treatments. Redundancy analysis(RDA) indicated that soil organic carbon(SOC) availability, especially soil microbial biomass carbon(Cmic) and Cmic/SOC ratio are the key factors of soil environmental characteristics contributing to the increase of both soil microbial community structure and functional metabolic diversity in the long-term fertilization trial. Our results showed that long-term inorganic fertilizer and swine manure application could significantly improve soil bacterial community structure and soil microbial metabolic activity through the increases in SOC availability, which could provide insights into the sustainable management of China's soil resource.展开更多
Taking agricultural organization in China's southwestern mountainous regions as research object,on the basis of analysis of the status quo of agricultural organization development in China's southwestern mount...Taking agricultural organization in China's southwestern mountainous regions as research object,on the basis of analysis of the status quo of agricultural organization development in China's southwestern mountainous regions,we use related theoretical knowledge on economics and organization science,we probe into the process of innovation and mechanism of action concerning the structure of agricultural organization in China's southwestern mountainous regions over the past 30 years.Finally we draw several general conclusions regarding structure innovation of agricultural organization in China's southwestern mountainous regions as follows:first,the structure innovation of agricultural organization,a gradual process,proceeds ceaselessly along with ongoing progress and development of agriculture,and in this process,farmers always play a fundamental role;second,the structure innovation of agricultural organization is affected by many factors,and government institutional arrangement and change in market conditions is undoubtedly the most critical factor;third,the probable evolving direction of structure innovation of agricultural organization includes internal differentiation of the same form of agricultural organization,association of different forms of agricultural organization,and emergence of other forms of agricultural organization.展开更多
A high-efficiency green phosphorescent organic light emitting diode with a simplified structure is achieved that is free of a hole transport layer. The design of this kind of device structure not only saves the consum...A high-efficiency green phosphorescent organic light emitting diode with a simplified structure is achieved that is free of a hole transport layer. The design of this kind of device structure not only saves the consumption of organic materials but also greatly reduces the structural heterogeneities and effectively facilitates the charge injection into the emissive layer. The resulting green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) exhibit higher electroluminescent efficiency. The maximum external quantum efficiency and current efficiency reach 23.7% and 88 cd/A, respectively. Moreover the device demonstrates satisfactory stability, keeping 23.7% and 88cd/A, 22% and 82cd/A, respectively, at a luminance of 100 and 1000cd/m2. The working mechanism for achieving high efficiency based on such a simple device structure is discussed correspondingly. The improved charge carrier injection and transport balance are proved to prominently contribute to achieve the high efficiency and great stability at high luminance in the green PHOLEDs.展开更多
A n-type small molecule DC-IDT2E with 4,4,9,9-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-bt]dithiophene as a central building block, furan as rr-bridges, and 1,1 -dicyanomethylene-3-indanone as end acceptor groups,...A n-type small molecule DC-IDT2E with 4,4,9,9-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-bt]dithiophene as a central building block, furan as rr-bridges, and 1,1 -dicyanomethylene-3-indanone as end acceptor groups, was synthesized and used as an electron acceptor in solution-processed organic solar cells (OSCs). DC-IDT2F exhibited good thermal stability, broad and strong absorption in 500-850 rim, a narrow bandgap of 1.54 eV, LUMO of-3.88 eV, HOMO of-5.44 eV and an electron mobility of 6.5 × 10-4 cm2/(V.s). DC-IDT2F-based OSCs with conventional and inverted structures exhibited power conversion efficiencies of 2.26 and 3.08% respec- tively. The effect of vertical phase separation and morphology of the active layer on the device performance in the two structures was studied.展开更多
A plasma cladding experiment was carried out to investigate the characteristics(surface hardness,microstructure,friction,wear properties from different substrates to the cladding layer and the bond strength)of plasma ...A plasma cladding experiment was carried out to investigate the characteristics(surface hardness,microstructure,friction,wear properties from different substrates to the cladding layer and the bond strength)of plasma cladding Fe-Cr-Nb-Si-Mo alloy cladding layers on different substrates.In order to improve the abrasion resistance of the scraper middle trough,the plasma cladding technique was used to clad the alloy ceramic powder Ig7 on the surface of the middle trough NM450,WH60A,Hardox450,and Weartuf450 to create Fe/Cr/Nb/Mo/V cladding layer.Based on the experiment results,the microstructure,friction and wear properties of the four cladding layers were analyzed,and the bond strength between the cladding layer and the substrate was also tested.The experimental results show that the main phases of the four cladding layers are martensite and all kinds of metal carbides((Nb,Mo)C,VC,and Cr7C3).WH60A surface cladding layer has shown good friction and wear properties.展开更多
Owing to the heterogeneity between functional units and resource scarcity,manufacturing firms have been struggling with intra-organizational coordination for productivity and innovation.Traditional organizational stru...Owing to the heterogeneity between functional units and resource scarcity,manufacturing firms have been struggling with intra-organizational coordination for productivity and innovation.Traditional organizational structures,such as linear-functional and matrix,may cause responsibility division and independent goals(Shahani,2020),and are more difficult to be adopted by large-sized innovative manufacturing firms for quantity production.This is based on a review of several new forms of organization(i.e.,network organization,multiteam system,and platform organization)compared with the traditional forms of organization(i.e.,linear,matrix,and business unit organization,among others).This study proposes a three-dimensional(3D)magic-cube organizational structure,considering the product dimensions,business,and administration.Moreover,the characteristics,propositions of system operation,system dynamic model,and working model of the 3D magic-cube organization are described.Finally,the 3D model is applied in a Chinese manufacturing firm to test its effectiveness.By redesigning the post and pay system,the pilot organization establishes a project-driven and cross-functional coordination mechanism,positively affecting the firm’s financial profit,output value,labor productivity,and income of per capita.The proposed 3D model can be adopted by large-or medium-sized manufacturing firms for product development and innovation.The implications of both practice and theory are also discussed in this study.展开更多
The nonlinear optical (NLO) and optical limiting (OL) properties of three new structures of organic NLO guest host Poly(N-vinylcarbozole)/disperse orange 3 (PVK/DO3), PVK/disperse orange 13 (PVK/DO13). and P...The nonlinear optical (NLO) and optical limiting (OL) properties of three new structures of organic NLO guest host Poly(N-vinylcarbozole)/disperse orange 3 (PVK/DO3), PVK/disperse orange 13 (PVK/DO13). and PVK/disperse orange 25 (PVK/DO25) as a solution at different concentrations and as a thin-film sample are studied using continuous wave z-scan system at 532 nm. The open-aperture z-scan data of the NLO materials in the solution and thin-film samples displayed two-photon and saturable absorptions, respectively. The PVK/DO13 exhibites the largest and best values of the nonlinearities, such as n2, β, X(3) compared with those of PVK/DO3 and PVK/DO25. This nonlinearity increases as the concentration increases. Tile results indicate that these NLO materials are good candidates for optical switching and OL devices.展开更多
A triple layer organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with two heterostructure of indium-tin oxide (ITO)/N,N’-diphenyl-N, N’-bis(1-naphthyl) (1,1’-biphenyl)-4,4’-diamine (NPB)/2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthr...A triple layer organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with two heterostructure of indium-tin oxide (ITO)/N,N’-diphenyl-N, N’-bis(1-naphthyl) (1,1’-biphenyl)-4,4’-diamine (NPB)/2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP)/ 8-Hydrox- yquinoline aluminum (Alq3)/Mg:Ag has been fabricated by using the vacuum deposition method. The influence of different film thickness of BCP layer on the performance of the OLEDs has been investigated. The results show that when the thickness of the BCP layer film gradually ranges from 0.1-4.0 nm, the electroluminescence (EL) spectra of the OLEDs shift from green to greenish-blue to blue, and the BCP layer acts as the role for the recombination region of charge carriers related to EL spectrum, which enhances the brightness and power efficiency. The power efficiency of the OLEDs reaches to as high as 7.3 lm/W.展开更多
The hydrothermal reaction of ZnO with benzene 1,4 dicarboxylic acid gave Zn·BDC·2H 2O (1) and Zn·BDC·H 2O (2) (BDC=benzene 1,4 dicarboxylate), respectively. Polymer 1 (C 4H 4O 3Zn 0...The hydrothermal reaction of ZnO with benzene 1,4 dicarboxylic acid gave Zn·BDC·2H 2O (1) and Zn·BDC·H 2O (2) (BDC=benzene 1,4 dicarboxylate), respectively. Polymer 1 (C 4H 4O 3Zn 0.5 ) shows a one dimensional zigzag chain structure built up from the alternate connection of tetrahedral ZnO 4 and BDC units. Polymer 2 (C 4H 3O 2 5 Zn 0 5 ) possesses a three dimensional framework containing infinite zigzag Zn···Zn···Zn pseudochains generated by five coordinate zinc centers and a rectangular channel system including three groups of different straight channels along the [001], [010] and [60 1] directions. The two metal organic polymeric compounds exhibit strong photoluminescent emission bands at 402 nm ( λ ex =260 nm) (for 1) and at 344 nm and 385 nm ( λ ex =279 nm) (for 2) in the solid state at room temperature.展开更多
This article summarizes the theoretical results in Laboratory economy, defines the model of the laboratory economic of schools and enterprises to build, analyzes its organizational model and elaborates its operational...This article summarizes the theoretical results in Laboratory economy, defines the model of the laboratory economic of schools and enterprises to build, analyzes its organizational model and elaborates its operational mechanism, so as to provide a reference for School-enterprise cooperation, laboratory-economic development and innovation performance of Laboratory economy established by university and enterprise.展开更多
Organizing unstructured information from books into a well-defined structure is a significant challenge in digital libraries.Most digital libraries can provide only search services at the granularity of books and few ...Organizing unstructured information from books into a well-defined structure is a significant challenge in digital libraries.Most digital libraries can provide only search services at the granularity of books and few libraries allow books to be accessed at the granularity of chapters,as manually constructing directory information for books is time-consuming.Extracting structured data from scanned books thus remains an urgent and important work.In this paper,we propose a novel structured data organization framework called CMSOF to organize scanned data automatically,and apply it to a Chinese medicine digital library. In the framework,image blocks and text blocks on the scanned page of books are separated based on the gray histogram projection method or a hybrid method of region growth and the Ada-Boosting classifier at first,and then the text structure is obtained from text blocks by text size and font type recognition.Finally,image blocks and structured OCRed text are correlated at the semantic level.By integrating the structured data into a Chinese medicine information system(CMIS) ,we can organize the Chinese medicine books well and users can access the books with flexibility,which indicates that CMSOF is an efficient framework to organize books mixed with images and text.展开更多
The entropy balance equation that describes the entropy budget of atmospheric systems is derived from the Gibbs relation.The distribution of the entropy flows of a west-Pacific typhoon and a Bengal-Bay cyclone is calc...The entropy balance equation that describes the entropy budget of atmospheric systems is derived from the Gibbs relation.The distribution of the entropy flows of a west-Pacific typhoon and a Bengal-Bay cyclone is calculated and thus the dissipativity of the atmospheric systems is revealed.展开更多
To visualize the structure and organization of the brain is a fundamental requirement in the research of neuroscience. Here, combining with two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy and transgenetic mouse GAD67,we...To visualize the structure and organization of the brain is a fundamental requirement in the research of neuroscience. Here, combining with two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy and transgenetic mouse GAD67,we demonstrate a custom-built second harmonic generation(SHG) microscope to discriminate brain layers and sub regions in the cerebellum and brain stem slices with cellular resolution. In particular, the cell densities of neurons in different brain layers are extracted due to the cell soma appearing as dark shadow on an SHG image.Further, the axon initial segments of the Purkinje cell are easily recognized without labeling, which would be useful for guiding micropipettes for electrophysiology.展开更多
In time of peace, the navy adopts a leadership system that combines operational command with building and administration, and which mainly consists of the navy headquarters, fleets, test bases, educational institution...In time of peace, the navy adopts a leadership system that combines operational command with building and administration, and which mainly consists of the navy headquarters, fleets, test bases, educational institutions and an armaments academy. The navy has three fleets, namely, the Beihai Fleet, Donghai Fleet and Nanhai Fleet,展开更多
To set up self-rule organizations forsocial life of the mass at city’s local level isnot uncommon in other countries.But toset up a resident committee of completestructure and with overall functions thatserves as an ...To set up self-rule organizations forsocial life of the mass at city’s local level isnot uncommon in other countries.But toset up a resident committee of completestructure and with overall functions thatserves as an intermediate between the localpolitical organization and family units issomething peculiar to China.Then。展开更多
Although large-scale topography and land use have been properly considered in weather and climate models, the effect of mesoscale and microscale heterogeneous land use on convective boundary layer(CBL) has not been fu...Although large-scale topography and land use have been properly considered in weather and climate models, the effect of mesoscale and microscale heterogeneous land use on convective boundary layer(CBL) has not been fully understood yet. In this study, the influence of semi-idealized strip-like patches of oases and deserts, which resemble irrigated land use in Northwest China, on the CBL characteristics, is investigated based on the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)-large eddy simulation(LES) driven by observed land surface data. The influences of soil water content in oases on aloft CBL flow structure, stability, turbulent kinetic energy(TKE), and vertical fluxes are carefully examined through a group of sensitivity experiments. The results show that secondary circulation(SC)/turbulent organized structures(TOS) is the strongest/weakest when soil water content in oases is close to saturation(e.g.,when the oases are irrigated). With the decrease of soil water content in oases(i.e., after irrigation), SC(TOS) becomes weak(strong) in the lower and middle CBL, the flux induced by SC and TOS becomes small(large), which has a dramatic impact on point measurement of eddy covariance(EC) fluxes. The flux induced by SC and TOS has little influence on EC sensible heat flux, but great influence on EC latent heat flux. Under this circumstance, the area averaged heat flux cannot be represented by point measurement of flux by the EC method, especially just after irrigation in oases. Comparison of imbalance ratio(i.e., contribution of SC and TOS to the total flux) reveals that increased soil moisture in oases leads to a larger imbalance ratio as well as enhanced surface heterogeneity. Moreover,we found that the soil layer configuration at different depths has a negligible impact on the CBL flux properties.展开更多
Solvothermal reaction of 3-aminoisonicotinic acid(Haina) and Cu(NO_3)_2·2.5H_2O gave a novel twodimensional(2D) microporous metal–organic framework, [Cu(aina)_2(DMF)]·DMF(1, DMF = N,N-dimethylfor...Solvothermal reaction of 3-aminoisonicotinic acid(Haina) and Cu(NO_3)_2·2.5H_2O gave a novel twodimensional(2D) microporous metal–organic framework, [Cu(aina)_2(DMF)]·DMF(1, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide). Single-crystal X-ray crystallographic study of compound 1 revealed that Cu(II)ions are linked by ainaàligands forming square grid-like layers, which stack together via multiple hydrogen bonding interactions. The solvent-free framework of 1a displayed considerable porosity(void = 46.5%) with one-dimensional(1D) open channels(4.7 ? ? 4.8 ?) functionalized by amino groups.Gas sorption measurements of 1 revealed selective carbon dioxide(CO_2) and acetylene(C_2H_2) adsorption over methane(CH_4) and nitrogen(N_2) at ambient temperature.展开更多
Hydrothermal reactions of uranyl nitrate and 4,4'-oxidiphthalic acid(H4L) resulted in the formation of three new uranyl-organic framework materials,namely(NH4)2[(UO2)3(L)2]·5H2O(1),(NEt4)[(UO2)3(...Hydrothermal reactions of uranyl nitrate and 4,4'-oxidiphthalic acid(H4L) resulted in the formation of three new uranyl-organic framework materials,namely(NH4)2[(UO2)3(L)2]·5H2O(1),(NEt4)[(UO2)3(H2O)(L)(HL)](2) and(UO2)7(H2O)2(phen)4(L)2(HL)2(3)(NEt4 = tetraethylammonium,phen = 1,10-phenanthroline).These three structures all comprise common uranyl pentagonal bipyramids.In 1,UO7polyhedra are linked by hexadentate ligands to form a 3D framework with 1D channels,in which are located NH4^+ ions and water molecules.While in 2,the organic ligands adopt pentadentate and hexadentate coordination modes,ligating UO7 units to create a layered structure with channels filled by NEt4^+ ions.For 3,uranyl square bipyramids are also accommodated together with pentagonal bipyramids,which are linked by tetradentate carboxylate ligands to produce the layered assembly.Phen molecules also coordinate to the uranyl centers to build up the structure.Luminescent studies indicate that 2 and 3 exhibit the characteristic uranyl emission.展开更多
文摘The developed auxiliary software serves to simplify, standardize and facilitate the software loading of the structural organization of a complex technological system, as well as its further manipulation within the process of solving the considered technological system. Its help can be especially useful in the case of a complex structural organization of a technological system with a large number of different functional elements grouped into several technological subsystems. This paper presents the results of its application for a special complex technological system related to the reference steam block for the combined production of heat and electricity.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC31301843)the National Nonprofit Institute Research Grant of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(IARRP-202-5)
文摘Exploration of soil environmental characteristics governing soil microbial community structure and activity may improve our understanding of biogeochemical processes and soil quality. The impact of soil environmental characteristics especially organic carbon availability after 15-yr different organic and inorganic fertilizer inputs on soil bacterial community structure and functional metabolic diversity of soil microbial communities were evaluated in a 15-yr fertilizer experiment in Changping County, Beijing, China. The experiment was a wheat-maize rotation system which was established in 1991 including four different fertilizer treatments. These treatments included: a non-amended control(CK), a commonly used application rate of inorganic fertilizer treatment(NPK); a commonly used application rate of inorganic fertilizer with swine manure incorporated treatment(NPKM), and a commonly used application rate of inorganic fertilizer with maize straw incorporated treatment(NPKS). Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) of the 16 S r RNA gene was used to determine the bacterial community structure and single carbon source utilization profiles were determined to characterize the microbial community functional metabolic diversity of different fertilizer treatments using Biolog Eco plates. The results indicated that long-term fertilized treatments significantly increased soil bacterial community structure compared to CK. The use of inorganic fertilizer with organic amendments incorporated for long term(NPKM, NPKS) significantly promoted soil bacterial structure than the application of inorganic fertilizer only(NPK), and NPKM treatment was the most important driver for increases in the soil microbial community richness(S) and structural diversity(H). Overall utilization of carbon sources by soil microbial communities(average well color development, AWCD) and microbial substrate utilization diversity and evenness indices(H' and E) indicated that long-term inorganic fertilizer with organic amendments incorporated(NPKM, NPKS) could significantly stimulate soil microbial metabolic activity and functional diversity relative to CK, while no differences of them were found between NPKS and NPK treatments. Principal component analysis(PCA) based on carbon source utilization profiles also showed significant separation of soil microbial community under long-term fertilization regimes and NPKM treatment was significantly separated from the other three treatments primarily according to the higher microbial utilization of carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, polymers, phenolic compounds, and amino acid, while higher utilization of amines/amides differed soil microbial community in NPKS treatment from those in the other three treatments. Redundancy analysis(RDA) indicated that soil organic carbon(SOC) availability, especially soil microbial biomass carbon(Cmic) and Cmic/SOC ratio are the key factors of soil environmental characteristics contributing to the increase of both soil microbial community structure and functional metabolic diversity in the long-term fertilization trial. Our results showed that long-term inorganic fertilizer and swine manure application could significantly improve soil bacterial community structure and soil microbial metabolic activity through the increases in SOC availability, which could provide insights into the sustainable management of China's soil resource.
基金supported by the National Natu-ral Sciences Foundation of China (40771005 30870382)+1 种基金the CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences) Action Plan for West Development Project (KZCX2-XB2-04-01KZCX2-XB2-09-03)
基金Supported by the 2010 Planning Project in Research Center of Development Ability of the West Regions in China (XNSDX01-003)Graduates Innovation Foundation in Guizhou University (2011045)The 2010 Research Project in Development Strategy Research Center in Karst Regions (KSTX01-002)
文摘Taking agricultural organization in China's southwestern mountainous regions as research object,on the basis of analysis of the status quo of agricultural organization development in China's southwestern mountainous regions,we use related theoretical knowledge on economics and organization science,we probe into the process of innovation and mechanism of action concerning the structure of agricultural organization in China's southwestern mountainous regions over the past 30 years.Finally we draw several general conclusions regarding structure innovation of agricultural organization in China's southwestern mountainous regions as follows:first,the structure innovation of agricultural organization,a gradual process,proceeds ceaselessly along with ongoing progress and development of agriculture,and in this process,farmers always play a fundamental role;second,the structure innovation of agricultural organization is affected by many factors,and government institutional arrangement and change in market conditions is undoubtedly the most critical factor;third,the probable evolving direction of structure innovation of agricultural organization includes internal differentiation of the same form of agricultural organization,association of different forms of agricultural organization,and emergence of other forms of agricultural organization.
基金Supported by the Nanjing University of Telecommunication and Posts under Grant No NY212010the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 91233117,50973104 and 51333007+2 种基金the Natural Science Fund of Jiangsu Province under Grant No BK2012834the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2015CB932200the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘A high-efficiency green phosphorescent organic light emitting diode with a simplified structure is achieved that is free of a hole transport layer. The design of this kind of device structure not only saves the consumption of organic materials but also greatly reduces the structural heterogeneities and effectively facilitates the charge injection into the emissive layer. The resulting green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) exhibit higher electroluminescent efficiency. The maximum external quantum efficiency and current efficiency reach 23.7% and 88 cd/A, respectively. Moreover the device demonstrates satisfactory stability, keeping 23.7% and 88cd/A, 22% and 82cd/A, respectively, at a luminance of 100 and 1000cd/m2. The working mechanism for achieving high efficiency based on such a simple device structure is discussed correspondingly. The improved charge carrier injection and transport balance are proved to prominently contribute to achieve the high efficiency and great stability at high luminance in the green PHOLEDs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91433114,51261130582,21025418)the 973 Program(2011CB808401)the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘A n-type small molecule DC-IDT2E with 4,4,9,9-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-bt]dithiophene as a central building block, furan as rr-bridges, and 1,1 -dicyanomethylene-3-indanone as end acceptor groups, was synthesized and used as an electron acceptor in solution-processed organic solar cells (OSCs). DC-IDT2F exhibited good thermal stability, broad and strong absorption in 500-850 rim, a narrow bandgap of 1.54 eV, LUMO of-3.88 eV, HOMO of-5.44 eV and an electron mobility of 6.5 × 10-4 cm2/(V.s). DC-IDT2F-based OSCs with conventional and inverted structures exhibited power conversion efficiencies of 2.26 and 3.08% respec- tively. The effect of vertical phase separation and morphology of the active layer on the device performance in the two structures was studied.
基金Funded by the NSFC-Shanxi Coal Based Low Carbon Joint Fund Focused on Supporting Project(No.U1510205)the Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Mine Mechanical Engineering(No.2019KLMM210)the Key Research and Development(R&D)Projects of Shanxi Province(No.201903D121065)。
文摘A plasma cladding experiment was carried out to investigate the characteristics(surface hardness,microstructure,friction,wear properties from different substrates to the cladding layer and the bond strength)of plasma cladding Fe-Cr-Nb-Si-Mo alloy cladding layers on different substrates.In order to improve the abrasion resistance of the scraper middle trough,the plasma cladding technique was used to clad the alloy ceramic powder Ig7 on the surface of the middle trough NM450,WH60A,Hardox450,and Weartuf450 to create Fe/Cr/Nb/Mo/V cladding layer.Based on the experiment results,the microstructure,friction and wear properties of the four cladding layers were analyzed,and the bond strength between the cladding layer and the substrate was also tested.The experimental results show that the main phases of the four cladding layers are martensite and all kinds of metal carbides((Nb,Mo)C,VC,and Cr7C3).WH60A surface cladding layer has shown good friction and wear properties.
基金This study is supported by the Key Project of the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(Grant No.72132001).
文摘Owing to the heterogeneity between functional units and resource scarcity,manufacturing firms have been struggling with intra-organizational coordination for productivity and innovation.Traditional organizational structures,such as linear-functional and matrix,may cause responsibility division and independent goals(Shahani,2020),and are more difficult to be adopted by large-sized innovative manufacturing firms for quantity production.This is based on a review of several new forms of organization(i.e.,network organization,multiteam system,and platform organization)compared with the traditional forms of organization(i.e.,linear,matrix,and business unit organization,among others).This study proposes a three-dimensional(3D)magic-cube organizational structure,considering the product dimensions,business,and administration.Moreover,the characteristics,propositions of system operation,system dynamic model,and working model of the 3D magic-cube organization are described.Finally,the 3D model is applied in a Chinese manufacturing firm to test its effectiveness.By redesigning the post and pay system,the pilot organization establishes a project-driven and cross-functional coordination mechanism,positively affecting the firm’s financial profit,output value,labor productivity,and income of per capita.The proposed 3D model can be adopted by large-or medium-sized manufacturing firms for product development and innovation.The implications of both practice and theory are also discussed in this study.
文摘The nonlinear optical (NLO) and optical limiting (OL) properties of three new structures of organic NLO guest host Poly(N-vinylcarbozole)/disperse orange 3 (PVK/DO3), PVK/disperse orange 13 (PVK/DO13). and PVK/disperse orange 25 (PVK/DO25) as a solution at different concentrations and as a thin-film sample are studied using continuous wave z-scan system at 532 nm. The open-aperture z-scan data of the NLO materials in the solution and thin-film samples displayed two-photon and saturable absorptions, respectively. The PVK/DO13 exhibites the largest and best values of the nonlinearities, such as n2, β, X(3) compared with those of PVK/DO3 and PVK/DO25. This nonlinearity increases as the concentration increases. Tile results indicate that these NLO materials are good candidates for optical switching and OL devices.
基金supported by National Science Foun-dation of China (Grant No. 60425101)Program for New CenturyExcellent Talents in University of Education Ministry of China(Grant No. NCET-06-0812)the Young Excellence Project ofUESTC (Grant No.060206.)
文摘A triple layer organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with two heterostructure of indium-tin oxide (ITO)/N,N’-diphenyl-N, N’-bis(1-naphthyl) (1,1’-biphenyl)-4,4’-diamine (NPB)/2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP)/ 8-Hydrox- yquinoline aluminum (Alq3)/Mg:Ag has been fabricated by using the vacuum deposition method. The influence of different film thickness of BCP layer on the performance of the OLEDs has been investigated. The results show that when the thickness of the BCP layer film gradually ranges from 0.1-4.0 nm, the electroluminescence (EL) spectra of the OLEDs shift from green to greenish-blue to blue, and the BCP layer acts as the role for the recombination region of charge carriers related to EL spectrum, which enhances the brightness and power efficiency. The power efficiency of the OLEDs reaches to as high as 7.3 lm/W.
基金ProjectsupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina (No .2 0 12 80 0 1)
文摘The hydrothermal reaction of ZnO with benzene 1,4 dicarboxylic acid gave Zn·BDC·2H 2O (1) and Zn·BDC·H 2O (2) (BDC=benzene 1,4 dicarboxylate), respectively. Polymer 1 (C 4H 4O 3Zn 0.5 ) shows a one dimensional zigzag chain structure built up from the alternate connection of tetrahedral ZnO 4 and BDC units. Polymer 2 (C 4H 3O 2 5 Zn 0 5 ) possesses a three dimensional framework containing infinite zigzag Zn···Zn···Zn pseudochains generated by five coordinate zinc centers and a rectangular channel system including three groups of different straight channels along the [001], [010] and [60 1] directions. The two metal organic polymeric compounds exhibit strong photoluminescent emission bands at 402 nm ( λ ex =260 nm) (for 1) and at 344 nm and 385 nm ( λ ex =279 nm) (for 2) in the solid state at room temperature.
文摘This article summarizes the theoretical results in Laboratory economy, defines the model of the laboratory economic of schools and enterprises to build, analyzes its organizational model and elaborates its operational mechanism, so as to provide a reference for School-enterprise cooperation, laboratory-economic development and innovation performance of Laboratory economy established by university and enterprise.
基金Project supported by the China Academic Digital Associative Library(CADAL)
文摘Organizing unstructured information from books into a well-defined structure is a significant challenge in digital libraries.Most digital libraries can provide only search services at the granularity of books and few libraries allow books to be accessed at the granularity of chapters,as manually constructing directory information for books is time-consuming.Extracting structured data from scanned books thus remains an urgent and important work.In this paper,we propose a novel structured data organization framework called CMSOF to organize scanned data automatically,and apply it to a Chinese medicine digital library. In the framework,image blocks and text blocks on the scanned page of books are separated based on the gray histogram projection method or a hybrid method of region growth and the Ada-Boosting classifier at first,and then the text structure is obtained from text blocks by text size and font type recognition.Finally,image blocks and structured OCRed text are correlated at the semantic level.By integrating the structured data into a Chinese medicine information system(CMIS) ,we can organize the Chinese medicine books well and users can access the books with flexibility,which indicates that CMSOF is an efficient framework to organize books mixed with images and text.
文摘The entropy balance equation that describes the entropy budget of atmospheric systems is derived from the Gibbs relation.The distribution of the entropy flows of a west-Pacific typhoon and a Bengal-Bay cyclone is calculated and thus the dissipativity of the atmospheric systems is revealed.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFA0201403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61522502)the Science Fund for Creative Research Group of China(No.61421064)
文摘To visualize the structure and organization of the brain is a fundamental requirement in the research of neuroscience. Here, combining with two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy and transgenetic mouse GAD67,we demonstrate a custom-built second harmonic generation(SHG) microscope to discriminate brain layers and sub regions in the cerebellum and brain stem slices with cellular resolution. In particular, the cell densities of neurons in different brain layers are extracted due to the cell soma appearing as dark shadow on an SHG image.Further, the axon initial segments of the Purkinje cell are easily recognized without labeling, which would be useful for guiding micropipettes for electrophysiology.
文摘In time of peace, the navy adopts a leadership system that combines operational command with building and administration, and which mainly consists of the navy headquarters, fleets, test bases, educational institutions and an armaments academy. The navy has three fleets, namely, the Beihai Fleet, Donghai Fleet and Nanhai Fleet,
文摘To set up self-rule organizations forsocial life of the mass at city’s local level isnot uncommon in other countries.But toset up a resident committee of completestructure and with overall functions thatserves as an intermediate between the localpolitical organization and family units issomething peculiar to China.Then。
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1502101)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41575098)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(20120211110019)
文摘Although large-scale topography and land use have been properly considered in weather and climate models, the effect of mesoscale and microscale heterogeneous land use on convective boundary layer(CBL) has not been fully understood yet. In this study, the influence of semi-idealized strip-like patches of oases and deserts, which resemble irrigated land use in Northwest China, on the CBL characteristics, is investigated based on the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)-large eddy simulation(LES) driven by observed land surface data. The influences of soil water content in oases on aloft CBL flow structure, stability, turbulent kinetic energy(TKE), and vertical fluxes are carefully examined through a group of sensitivity experiments. The results show that secondary circulation(SC)/turbulent organized structures(TOS) is the strongest/weakest when soil water content in oases is close to saturation(e.g.,when the oases are irrigated). With the decrease of soil water content in oases(i.e., after irrigation), SC(TOS) becomes weak(strong) in the lower and middle CBL, the flux induced by SC and TOS becomes small(large), which has a dramatic impact on point measurement of eddy covariance(EC) fluxes. The flux induced by SC and TOS has little influence on EC sensible heat flux, but great influence on EC latent heat flux. Under this circumstance, the area averaged heat flux cannot be represented by point measurement of flux by the EC method, especially just after irrigation in oases. Comparison of imbalance ratio(i.e., contribution of SC and TOS to the total flux) reveals that increased soil moisture in oases leads to a larger imbalance ratio as well as enhanced surface heterogeneity. Moreover,we found that the soil layer configuration at different depths has a negligible impact on the CBL flux properties.
基金supported by the grant AX-1593(JCGZ)and AX1730(BC)from the Welch Foundation
文摘Solvothermal reaction of 3-aminoisonicotinic acid(Haina) and Cu(NO_3)_2·2.5H_2O gave a novel twodimensional(2D) microporous metal–organic framework, [Cu(aina)_2(DMF)]·DMF(1, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide). Single-crystal X-ray crystallographic study of compound 1 revealed that Cu(II)ions are linked by ainaàligands forming square grid-like layers, which stack together via multiple hydrogen bonding interactions. The solvent-free framework of 1a displayed considerable porosity(void = 46.5%) with one-dimensional(1D) open channels(4.7 ? ? 4.8 ?) functionalized by amino groups.Gas sorption measurements of 1 revealed selective carbon dioxide(CO_2) and acetylene(C_2H_2) adsorption over methane(CH_4) and nitrogen(N_2) at ambient temperature.
基金the support of this work by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21571171,21301168,U1407101)Jilin Province Youth Foundation(No.20130522123JH)
文摘Hydrothermal reactions of uranyl nitrate and 4,4'-oxidiphthalic acid(H4L) resulted in the formation of three new uranyl-organic framework materials,namely(NH4)2[(UO2)3(L)2]·5H2O(1),(NEt4)[(UO2)3(H2O)(L)(HL)](2) and(UO2)7(H2O)2(phen)4(L)2(HL)2(3)(NEt4 = tetraethylammonium,phen = 1,10-phenanthroline).These three structures all comprise common uranyl pentagonal bipyramids.In 1,UO7polyhedra are linked by hexadentate ligands to form a 3D framework with 1D channels,in which are located NH4^+ ions and water molecules.While in 2,the organic ligands adopt pentadentate and hexadentate coordination modes,ligating UO7 units to create a layered structure with channels filled by NEt4^+ ions.For 3,uranyl square bipyramids are also accommodated together with pentagonal bipyramids,which are linked by tetradentate carboxylate ligands to produce the layered assembly.Phen molecules also coordinate to the uranyl centers to build up the structure.Luminescent studies indicate that 2 and 3 exhibit the characteristic uranyl emission.