Characteristics of Phosphorous Adsorption and Desorption by Organo-Mineral Colloidal Complexes of Purple Paddy Soils

The kinetic characteristics of P adsorption and desorption by organo-mineral colloidal complexes (OMC)were studied using acid, calcareous and neutral purple paddy soils taken from Chongqing and Sichuan, China.The results showed that the P adsorption capacity of the organo-mineral colloidal complexes differed with the soil types, being higher for the acid and calcareous purple soils than for the neutral purple soils. Partial removal of the organic matter increased the adsorption capacity of the colloidal complexes. A very significant positive correlation was found between the amounts of P desorbed from OMC and the P saturation degrees.The P adsorption reaction was quick at the early stage and slowed later. The raise of temperature increased P adsorption capacity and P adsorption rate of the colloidal complexes. The adsorption processes could be described by the Elovich equation.

Composition and Characteristics of Organo-Mineral Complexes of Red Soils in South China

The objective of the present study is to reveal the composition and characteristics of organo-mineral complexes in red soils (red soil, lateritic red soil and latosol) of south China in terms of chemical dissolution and fractional peptization methods. In the combined humus, most of the extractable humus could dissolve in 0.1 M NaOH extractant and belonged to active humus (H1), and there was only a small amount of humus which could be further dissolved in 0.1 M Na4P2O7 extractant at pH 13 and was stably combined humus (H2). The H1/ H2 ratio ranged from 3.3 to 33.8 in red soils, and the proportions of both H, and total extractable organic carbon (H1+H2) in total soil organic carbon and the ratios of H1 to H2 and H1 to (H1 +H2) were all higher in lateritic red soil and latosol than in red soil. The. differences of combined humus composition in various red soils were directly related to the content of Fe and Al oxides. In organo-mineral complexes, the ratio of Na-dispersed fraction (G1) to Na-ground-dispersed fraction (G2) was generally smaller than 1 for red soils, but there was a higher G1 / G2 ratio in red soil than in lateritic red soil and latosol. G1 fraction had a higher content of fulvic acid (FA), but G2 fraction had a higher content of humic acid (HA). The ratios of H1 to H2 and HA to FA were higher in G2 than in G1. The differences in the composition and activity of humus between G1 and G2 fractions were related to the content of free Fe and Al oxides. The quantities of complex Fe and Al, the Fe/ C and Al/ C atomic ratios were higher in G2 than in G1, and the ratio of Al/ C was much higher than that of Fe/ C. It may be deduced that aluminum plays a more important role than iron in the formation process of organo-mineral complexes in red soils.

The DUF579 proteins GhIRX15s regulate cotton fiber development by interacting with proteins involved in xylan synthesis

Cotton provides the most abundant natural fiber for the textile industry.The mature cotton fiber largely consists of secondary cell walls with the highest proportion of cellulose and a small amount of hemicellulose and lignin.To dissect the roles of hemicellulosic polysaccharides during fiber development,four IRREGULAR XYLEM 15(IRX15)genes,GhIRX15-1/-2/-3/-4,were functionally characterized in cotton.These genes encode DUF579 domain-containing proteins,which are homologs of AtIRX15 involved in xylan biosynthesis.The four GhIRX15 genes were predominantly expressed during fiber secondary wall thickening,and the encoded proteins were localized to the Golgi apparatus.Each GhIRX15 gene could restore the xylan deficient phenotype in the Arabidopsis irx15irx15l double mutant.Silencing of GhIRX15s in cotton resulted in shorter mature fibers with a thinner cell wall and reduced cellulose content as compared to the wild type.Intriguingly,GhIRX15-2 and GhIRX15-4 formed homodimers and heterodimers.In addition,the GhIRX15s showed physical interaction with glycosyltransferases GhGT43C,GhGT47A and GhGT47B,which are responsible for synthesis of the xylan backbone and reducing end sequence.Moreover,the GhIRX15s can form heterocomplexes with enzymes involved in xylan modification and side chain synthesis,such as GhGUX1/2,GhGXM1/2 and GhTBL1.These findings suggest that GhIRX15s participate in fiber xylan biosynthesis and modulate fiber development via forming large multiprotein complexes.

Identification and characterization of FpRco1 in regulating vegetative growth and pathogenicity based on T-DNA insertion in Fusarium pseudograminearum

Fusarium pseudograminearum is a devastating pathogen that causes Fusarium crown rot(FCR)in wheat and poses a significant threat to wheat production in terms of grain yield and quality.However,the mechanism by which F.pseudograminearum infects wheat remains unclear.In this study,we aimed to elucidate these mechanisms by constructing a T-DNA insertion mutant library for the highly virulent strain WZ-8A of F.pseudograminearum.By screening this mutant library,we identified nine independent mutants that displayed impaired pathogenesis in barley leaves.Among these mutants,one possessed a disruption in the gene FpRCO1 that is an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RCO1,encoding essential component of the Rpd3S histone deacetylase complex in F.pseudograminearum.To further investigate the role of FpRCO1 in F.pseudograminearum,we employed a split-marker approach to knock out FpRCO1 in F.pseudograminearum WZ-8A.FpRCO1 deletion mutants exhibit reduced vegetative growth,conidium production,and virulence in wheat coleoptiles and barley leaves,whereas the complementary strain restores these phenotypes.Moreover,under stress conditions,the FpRCO1 deletion mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to NaCl,sorbitol,and SDS,but possessed reduced sensitivity to H_(2)O_(2)compared to these characteristics in the wild-type strain.RNA-seq analysis revealed that deletion of FpRCO1 affected gene expression(particularly the downregulation of TRI gene expression),thus resulting in significantly reduced deoxynivalenol(DON)production.In summary,our findings highlight the pivotal role of FpRCO1 in regulating vegetative growth and development,asexual reproduction,DON production,and pathogenicity of F.pseudograminearum.This study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying F.pseudograminearum infection in wheat and may pave the way for the development of novel strategies to combat this devastating disease.

Orbits of Material Bodies in Complex TOUGMA’s Metric

Einstein’s General relativity theory and Quantum physics are the main pillars for explaining most modern physics. Obtaining these theories relation between them remains a theoretical physics main question. In the last most decades, works are leading to new physical ideas and mathematical tools broad range. In recent years TOUGMA’s equation is established and solved, and one of these solutions, mostly a real solution is studied in our last article. In this work, complex TOUGMA’s metric is studied, such as the physics concepts implied by this metric, mainly material bodies geodesics orbits. We studied the fact material bodies’ orbits and their limits. This study of the underlying principles and various phenomena in universe are interconnected logic leading to new technologies development such as news engines and telecommunication networks. The applications of this study are exceptionally wide such as Astrophysics, cosmology, Quantum gravity, Quantum Mechanics and Multiverse. Mostly this study allows us to know the behaviors of matter in the quantum relativity universe. Universe.

Optimizing Connections:Applied Shortest Path Algorithms for MANETs

This study is trying to address the critical need for efficient routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks(MANETs)from dynamic topologies that pose great challenges because of the mobility of nodes.Themain objective was to delve into and refine the application of the Dijkstra’s algorithm in this context,a method conventionally esteemed for its efficiency in static networks.Thus,this paper has carried out a comparative theoretical analysis with the Bellman-Ford algorithm,considering adaptation to the dynamic network conditions that are typical for MANETs.This paper has shown through detailed algorithmic analysis that Dijkstra’s algorithm,when adapted for dynamic updates,yields a very workable solution to the problem of real-time routing in MANETs.The results indicate that with these changes,Dijkstra’s algorithm performs much better computationally and 30%better in routing optimization than Bellman-Ford when working with configurations of sparse networks.The theoretical framework adapted,with the adaptation of the Dijkstra’s algorithm for dynamically changing network topologies,is novel in this work and quite different from any traditional application.The adaptation should offer more efficient routing and less computational overhead,most apt in the limited resource environment of MANETs.Thus,from these findings,one may derive a conclusion that the proposed version of Dijkstra’s algorithm is the best and most feasible choice of the routing protocol for MANETs given all pertinent key performance and resource consumption indicators and further that the proposed method offers a marked improvement over traditional methods.This paper,therefore,operationalizes the theoretical model into practical scenarios and also further research with empirical simulations to understand more about its operational effectiveness.

Synchronous Control of Complex Networks with Fuzzy Connections

This article is based on the T-S fuzzy control theory and investigates the synchronization control problem of complex networks with fuzzy connections. Firstly, the main stability equation of a complex network system is obtained, which can determine the stability of the synchronous manifold. Secondly, the main stable system is fuzzified, and based on fuzzy control theory, the control design of the fuzzified main stable system is carried out to obtain a coupling matrix that enables the complex network to achieve complete synchronization. The numerical analysis results indicate that the control method proposed in this paper can effectively achieve synchronization control of complex networks, while also controlling the transition time for the network to achieve synchronization.

光诱导基于EDA机理构建S-芳基黄原酸酯新策略

黄原酸酯类化合物作为药物化学、农业化学、材料化学中重要的组成部分,一直备受化学家们的关注.寻找简单、高效合成S-芳基取代黄原酸酯的方法引起了研究者广泛的关注.报道了一种可见光诱导下基于硫负离子与噻蒽盐间的EDA(电子供体受体)过程实现C-S键构建的新策略.在温和无金属的条件下,以中等至优良的收率得到了一系列S-芳基黄原酸酯,克级实验与日光实验证明了反应的应用潜力,为黄原酸酯类化合物的合成提供了一种新思路.

化学水浴沉积制备高质量Zn(O,S)薄膜及其性能研究

为获得铜铟镓硒薄膜太阳电池中高质量Zn(O,S)无镉缓冲层薄膜,该研究阐述了柠檬酸三钠作为络合剂制备Zn(O,S)薄膜的成膜机理,系统性研究了该体系下各反应参数对薄膜化学水浴沉积的影响。研究表明,柠檬酸三钠的浓度值显著影响反应类型,异质反应更有利于生成高质量薄膜。同时,柠檬酸三钠与金属离子浓度的比值直接影响成膜质量和成膜速率,适合的pH溶液环境有助于提高Zn(O,S)薄膜沉积的质量。此外,通过工艺参数的优化,获得了电学性能接近传统CdS/CIGS太阳电池的Zn(O,S)/CIGS电池器件。

萤火虫成像联合应变弹性成像校正人工智能S-Detect技术对乳腺囊实性肿块良恶性的诊断价值

目的 探讨萤火虫成像(micropure imaging, MI)联合应变弹性成像(strain elastography, SE)校正人工智能(artificial intelligence, AI)S-Detect技术对乳腺囊实性肿块良恶性的诊断价值。方法 根据145个乳腺囊实性肿块的MI和SE的表现对其S-Detect诊断结果进行校正。以术后病理结果为金标准,计算校正前后的诊断敏感度、特异度、准确度,并绘制两组受试者操作特征(receiver operating characteristic, ROC)曲线,比较曲线下面积。结果 病理良性80个,恶性65个。S-Detect经过校正后,诊断敏感度、特异度、准确度以及ROC曲线下面积均较校正前有所提高。结论 MI与SE联合校正S-Detect的诊断结果,能够提高对乳腺囊实性肿块良恶性的诊断效能。

基于Q-s曲线的大型LNG储罐桩板基础沉降计算方法

试桩Q-s曲线体现了现场桩基荷载和沉降的关系。文章以某LNG储罐桩板基础为背景,提出利用Q-s曲线求出桩端土层变形模量的方法,并考虑桩板共同作用的求解桩板基础沉降的方法。该方法将桩基模拟为非线性弹簧,弹簧刚度取自Q-s曲线,采用MIDAS进行建模求解,可得到设计需要的筏板和桩基的沉降等高线图以及轴力和弯矩图,用于指导设计。与仅考虑线性地弹簧系数的规范方法进行对比,该方法精度更高,与实际情况更加相符。该方法可针对不同位置的桩基输入不同的非线性弹簧,可用于解决复杂不均匀地层桩筏基础沉降计算的问题。

中国尖音库蚊复合组（Culex pipiens Complex）生物分类学的研究──幼虫形态特征的数值分析

本文报道了１９９０年采自我国２１个不同地区的尖音库蚊复合组四龄幼虫形态分类的数值分析结果，经过多因素相关与回归分析发现，呼吸管指数与纬度、经度之间存在着正相关的关系，而呼吸管１－Ｓ第一对毛分枝数和第二对毛分枝数与纬度、经度之间存在着负相关的关系，并建立了上述分类特征与纬度、经度的多元直线回归方程。另外，综合上述三个分类特征，对典型的尖音库蚊、谈色库蚊和致倦库蚊进行了多元判别和典型变量分析。

The influence of pore structure on P-& S-wave velocities in complex carbonate reservoirs with secondary storage space

Secondary storage spaces with very complex geometries are well developed in Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin,which is taken as a study case in this paper.It is still not clear how the secondary storage space shape influences the P-＆ S-wave velocities （or elastic properties） in complex carbonate reservoirs.In this paper,three classical rock physics models （Wyllie timeaverage equation,Gassmann equation and the Kuster-Toks z model） are comparably analyzed for their construction principles and actual velocity prediction results,aiming at determining the most favourable rock physics model to consider the influence of secondary storage space shape.Then relationships between the P-＆ S-wave velocities in carbonate reservoirs and geometric shapes of secondary storage spaces are discussed from different aspects based on actual well data by employing the favourable rock physics model.To explain the influence of secondary storage space shape on V P-V S relationship,it is analyzed for the differences of S-wave velocities between derived from common empirical relationships （including Castagna＇s mud rock line and Greenberg-Castagna V P-V S relationship） and predicted by the rock physics model.We advocate that V P-V S relationship for complex carbonate reservoirs should be built for different storage space types.For the carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin,the V P-V S relationships for fractured,fractured-cavernous,and fractured-hole-vuggy reservoirs are respectively built on the basis of velocity prediction and secondary storage space type determination.Through the discussion above,it is expected that the velocity prediction and the V P-V S relationships for complex carbonate reservoirs should fully consider the influence of secondary storage space shape,thus providing more reasonable constraints for prestack inversion,further building a foundation for realizing carbonate reservoir prediction and fluid prediction.

Genetics of inflammatory bowel disease: The role of the HLA complex

The human leucocyte antigen （HLA） complex on chromosome 6p21.3 is the most extensively studied genetic region in Inflammatory bowel disease （IBD）. Consistent evidence of linkage to IBD3 （6p21.1-23）, an area which encompasses the HLA complex, has been demonstrated for both Crohn＇s disease and ulcerative colitis, and a number of replicated associations with disease susceptibility and phenotype have recently emerged. However, despite these efforts the HLA susceptibility gene （s） for IBD remain elusive, a consequence of strong linkage disequilibrium, extensive polymorphism and high gene density across this region. This article reviews current knowledge of the role of HLA complex genes in IBD susceptibility and phenotype, and discusses the factors currently limiting the translation of this knowledge to clinical practice.

Classification of Complex Reservoirs in Superimposed Basins of Western China

Many of the sedimentary basins in western China were formed through the superposition and compounding of at least two previously developed sedimentary basins and in general they can be termed as complex superimposed basins. The distinct differences between these basins and monotype basins are their discontinuous stratigraphic sedimentation, stratigraphic structure and stratigraphic stress-strain action over geological history. Based on the correlation of chronological age on structural sections, superimposed basins can be divided into five types in this study： （1） continuous sedimentation type superimposed basins, （2） middle and late stratigraphic superimposed basins, （3） early and late stratigraphic superimposed basins, （4） early and middle stratigraphic superimposed basins, and （5） long-term exposed superimposed basins. Multiple source-reservoir-caprock assemblages have developed in such basins. In addition, multi-stage hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, multiple sources, polycyclic hydrocarbon accumulation and multiple-type hydrocarbon reservoirs adjustment, reformation and destruction have occurred in these basins. The complex reservoirs that have been discovered widely in the superimposed basins to date have remarkably different geologic features from primary reservoirs, and the root causes of this are folding, denudation and the fracture effect caused by multiphase tectonic events in the superimposed basins as well as associated seepage, diffusion, spilling, oxidation, degradation and cracking. Based on their genesis characteristics, complex reservoirs are divided into five categories： （1） primary reservoirs, （2） trap adjustment type reservoirs, （3） component variant reservoirs, （4） phase conversion type reservoirs and （5） scale-reformed reservoirs.

Report of Prionospio complex(Annelida:Polychaeta:Spio-nidae) from China's waters,with description of a new species

Nine species of Prionospio complex are recorded from China＇s waters,including one new species and six newly recorded species.Prionospio（Prionospio） pacifica sp.nov.,is characterized by having first and forth pairs of branchiae pinnate,second and third pairs of apinnate,ventral crest on Setiger 9 and dorsal crests on Setigers 10-25.Apoprionospio kirrae（Wilson,1990）,Prionospio（Aquilaspio） convexa Imajima,1990,Prionospio（Minuspio） multibranchiata Berkeley,1927,Prionospio（Prionospio） bocki Sderstrm,1920,Prionospio（Prionospio） dubia Maciolek,1985 and Prionospio（Prionospio） paradisea Imajima,1990 are recorded for the first time from China＇s waters.

Stem cell injection for complex anal fistula in Crohn’s disease: A single-center experience

BACKGROUND Despite tremendous progress in medical therapy and optimization of surgical strategies,considerable failure rates after surgery for complex anal fistula in Crohn’s disease have been reported.Therefore,stem cell therapy for the treatment of complex perianal fistula can be an innovative option with potential long-term healing.AIM To evaluate the results of local administration of allogenic,adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells(darvadstrocel)for complex anal Crohn’s fistula.METHODS All patients with complex anal fistulas associated with Crohn’s disease who were amenable for definite fistula closure within a defined observation period were potential candidates for stem cell injection(darvadstrocel)if at least one conventional or surgical attempt to close the fistula had failed.Darvadstrocel was only indicated in patients without active Crohn’s disease and without presence of anorectal abscess.Local injection of darvadstrocel was performed as a standardized procedure under general anesthesia including single-shot antibiotic prophylaxis,removal of seton drainage,fistula curettage,closure of the internal openings and local stem cell injection.Data collection focusing on healing rates,occurrence of abscess and follow-up was performed on a regular basis of quality control and patient care.Data were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS Between July 2018 and January 2021,12 patients(6 females,6 males)with a mean age of 42.5(range:26-61)years underwent stem cell therapy.All patients had a minimum of one complex fistula,including patients with two complex fistulas in 58.3%(7/12).Two of the 12 patients had horse-shoe fistula and 3 had one complex fistula.According to Parks classification,the majority of fistulas were transsphincteric(76%)or suprasphincteric(14%).All patients underwent removal of seton,fistula curettage,transanal closure of internal opening by suture(11/12)or mucosal flap(1/12)and stem cell injection.At a mean follow-up of 14.3(range:3-30)mo,a healing rate was documented in 66.7%(8/12);mean duration to achieve healing was 12(range:6-30)wk.Within follow-up,4 patients required reoperation due to perianal abscess(33.3%).Focusing on patients with a minimum follow-up of 12 mo(6/12)or 24 mo(4/12),long-term healing rates were 66.7%(4/6)and 50.0%(2/4),respectively.CONCLUSION Data of this single-center experience are promising but limited due to the small number of patients and the retrospective analysis.

Burden and outcomes for complex perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease:Systematic review

AIM To systematically review the literature on epidemiology,disease burden, and treatment outcomes for Crohn's disease(CD) patients with complex perianal fistulas.METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were searched for relevant articles(published 2000-November 2016) and congress abstracts(published 2011-November 2016).RESULTS Of 535 records reviewed, 62 relevant sources were identified(mostly small observational studies). The cumulative incidence of complex perianal fistulas in CD from two referral-centre studies was 12%-14%(follow-up time, 12 years in one study; not reported in the second study). Complex perianal fistulas result in greatly diminished quality of life; up to 59% of patients are at risk of faecal incontinence. Treatments include combinations of medical and surgical interventions and expanded allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells. High proportions of patients experience lack of or inadequate response to treatment(failure and relapse rates,respectively: medical, 12%-73% and 0%-41%; surgical:0%-100% and 11%.20%; combined medical/surgical:0%-80% and 0%-50%; stem cells: 29%-47% and not reported). Few studies(1 of infliximab; 3 of surgical interventions)have been conducted in treatment-refractory patients, a population with high unmet needs. Limited data exist on the clinical value of anti-tumour necrosis factor-α dose escalation in patients with complex perianal fistulas in CD.CONCLUSION Complex perianal fistulas in CD pose substantial clinical and humanistic burden. There is a need for effective treatments, especially for patients refractory to antitumour necrosis factor-α agents, as evidenced by high failure and relapse rates.

基于S变换与复值U-Net网络的地震资料高分辨率处理方法

地震资料高分辨率处理方法通过拓展频带范围有效地提高了地震资料的精度。迄今为止,基于深度学习的高分辨率处理方法仅在时域中进行特征提取,忽视了地震数据的频域信息,因而影响高分辨率处理效果。为此,结合深度学习的数据驱动能力与时频分析方法的时频定位能力,提出了一种基于S变换和复值U-Net网络(STCVU-Net)的地震资料高分辨率处理方法。首先,通过褶积模型构建高分辨率与低分辨率的单道地震数据,接着,利用S变换获得不同分辨率地震数据的时频谱并将其作为训练数据,然后基于构建的STCVU-Net对时频谱进行训练和测试,最后,使用迁移学习方法对已训练的网络进行微调并应用于实际数据的处理。STCVU-Net方法充分考虑了地震数据的时域与频域信息,在准确得到地震数据时频谱的同时在时频域中对地震信号进行精准拓频,从而提高了地震资料的分辨率。对比时域端到端的深度学习方法在模型资料和实际工区资料的高分辨率处理结果表明,STCVU-Net方法的高分辨率处理结果更准确,高频信息更丰富,具有较大的实际应用潜力。

Characteristics of Organo－Mineral Complexing of Microaggregates in Paddy Soils Developed from Purple Soils

This paper deals with characteristics of organo-mineral complexing of microaggregates in the paddy soils developed from purple soils in Sichuan, China. Results show that the contents of organic matter in microaggregates are in the order of 1--0.25 mm > smaller than 0.05 mm > 0.05-0.25 mm. But the organic matter in 1-0.01 mm microaggregates accounts for 68.1%-78.7% of that in soil. The organic matter in<0.05 mm microaggregates is complexed humus on the whole, of which the degree of organo-mineral complexing varies between 96.1% and 99.5%, which is higher than that of the soil or>0.05 mm microaggregates. The contents of loosely combined humus and the ratios of loosely and tightly combined humus markedly decline with the size of microaggregates. Fresh soil humus formed from semi-decomposed organic material or organic manure added is combined first with<0.001 mm clay, and then aggregated with other organic and mineral particles to form larger microaggregates, in which the aging of humus happens at the same time; whereas organic matter of the light fraction is mainly involved in the formation of>0.05 mm microaggregates.