Distribution of Different Organotin and Organolead Compounds in Sediment of Suez Gulf

Organotin and organolead compounds were determined in sediments of the Suez Gulf The concentrations of Tributyltin (TBT) ranged from 0.27 to 2.77 with an average value of 1.37 μgg-1;dry wt. However, the concentrations of dibutyltin (DBT) ranged from 0.07 to 2.27 with an average value of 0.58 μgg-1;dry wt. A significant correlation was found between TBT and DBT with r = 0.82, (p = 0.05) indicating that the occurrence of DBT is mainly related to the degradation of TBT. Generally, the high concentration of TBT was attributed to shipping activity in harbours. In addition, Diphenyltin (DPhT) concentrations ranged from not detected to 2.09 with an average of 1.10 μgg-1 dry wt. Antifouling agents, industrial discharge and the influence of sewage discharge are the main sources of pollution by DPhT compounds in Suez Gulf. On the other side, organolead (OLC) concentrations ranged from 10.88 - 440.2 with an average of 168.7 ngg-1;dry wt. A significant setting of OLC recorded in sediments of Suez Gulf was mainly attributed to cars exhaust and/or spelling and direct evaporation of fuels.

A water-stable organolead iodide material for overall photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction

The utilization of perovskites as photocatalysts to convert CO_(2) into fuels and chemicals has received wide attention recently.However,their instability in water hinders their long-term application for overall photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction.Herein,we integrate the water-stable perovskite-like organolead iodide crystalline material[Pb8I8(H2O)3]8+[-O2C(CH2)4CO_(2)-]4(TJU-16)with Au co-catalyst for photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction in aqueous solution without sacrificial reagent.Under the AM 1.5 G simulated illumination,the TJU-16 with 0.19 wt.‰ Au co-catalyst steadily generated electrons for CO_(2) reduction reaction,which was 2.2 times of pure TJU-16.The Au0.19/TJU-16 catalyzed CO_(2) reduction at a rate of 84.2μmol·g-1·h-1,and achieved a solar-to-fuel(STF)conversion efficiency of 0.034%.Our work will motivate the rational design of water-stable perovskite-like materials for photocatalytic applications.

Organolead trihalide perovskite materials for efficient light emitting diodes

Organolead trihalide perovskite materials have been attracting increasing attention due to their promising role in solid solar cells. Several advantages make them potential candidates for optoelectronics:(1) solution- or/and vapor-processed preparation at low temperature;(2) tunable optical bandgap, wide absorption spectrum but narrow photoluminescence peaks;(3) long car-rier life time, large diffusion length and high charge mobility;(4) various nanostructures via tuning capping agents and sol-vents. In this review, we summarize recent attempts toward efficient LEDs based on organolead trihalide perovskite materials. The strategies of materials science, device design and interface engineering are highlighted. Recent development and future perspectives are summarized for practical perovskite light technologies.

Organolead halide perovskites:a family of promising semiconductor materials for solar cells

Great attention has recently been drawn to developing cost-effective,high efficiency solar cells to meet the ever increasing demand for clean energy.We have most recently witnessed a breakthrough and a rapid development in solid state,hybrid solar cells using organolead halide perovskites as light harvesters.These semiconductors can not only serve as sensitizer in solid state sensitized solar cells with efficiency up to unprecedented 15%,but also function as both light absorber and hole conductor(or electron conductor)at the same time to display power conversion efficiency above 10%.In this review,we will introduce their operation mechanism,structure,and especially the development of the organolead halide perovskite based solar cells.Based on the achievements that have been made to date,solid state photovoltaic device with superior performance than the present one is highly expected.

杂化钙钛矿材料在太阳电池中的应用与发展

杂化钙钛矿是近年来发展非常迅速的一类新型光电材料。自从2009年日本学者首次研究钙钛矿敏化太阳电池,经过五年的发展,有机铅卤化物钙钛矿太阳电池光电转换效率从最初的3.1%跃升到19.3%。本文介绍了有机铅卤化物钙钛矿的结构及其在有机/无机杂化钙钛矿太阳电池中的应用,并从有机铅卤化物钙钛矿太阳电池的发展历程、器件结构、制备方法等方面做了总结。最后简要讨论了钙钛矿太阳电池的长期稳定性、环境问题,并就未来发展趋势进行展望。

太赫兹时间分辨系统研究有机卤化物钙钛矿薄膜的超快太赫兹调制（英文）

研究了利用太赫兹时间分辨系统研究有机卤化物钙钛矿薄膜(CH_3NH_3PbI_3 and CH_3NH_3PbI_(3-x)Cl_x)的皮秒尺度的超快太赫兹调制特性.在光激发作用下出现了太赫兹透射波的瞬时下降.相比于CH_3NH_3PbI_3薄膜,在光激发作用下CH_3NH_3PbI_(3-x)Cl_x薄膜展现了更高的调制深度(10%).通过测算材料的电导率及载流子浓度,其调制机理为瞬态光激发载流子浓度上升.实验结果表明,CH_3NH_3PbI_(3-x)Cl_x薄膜可作为一种高效超快太赫兹调制器件.

环境水质有机铅分析的国内研究进展与展望

本文介绍了环境水质四乙基铅、氯化三甲基铅、氯化三乙基铅和氯化三苯基铅等有机铅的国内研究进展,着重介绍了各种分析方法的原理、取样量、检出限和特点,并对液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法在环境水质有机铅分析方面的发展前景作了展望。研究指出,随着铅污染的日益严重,仅测定铅元素的总量已不能满足研究和治理铅污染的要求,铅元素的形态分析是环境科学发展的必然要求,有机铅分析已成为环境监测领域的重要课题。国内目前环境水质有机铅的分析方法主要有双硫腙比色法、原子吸收法(AAS法)、电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS法)、气相色谱法(GC法)、气相色谱质谱法(GC-MS法)、高效液相色谱法(HPLC法)和高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(HPLC-ICP-MS法)。只用单一仪器或技术已很难完成分析任务,因此联用技术是元素形态分析的有效途径。高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法是发展较为完善的联用技术。但是,高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法需要较为昂贵的仪器,国内研究刚起步,使之成为常规的分析方法仍然任重道远。

汽油中有机铅含量测定方法的评述

汽油中常加入有机铅作为抗爆剂。汽油在燃烧过程中 ,铅会随着汽车尾气直接排放入大气 ,从而造成铅污染。从环境和技术要求出发 ,经常要对汽油中的铅含量进行测量。本文综述了汽油试样的前处理技术和汽油中有机铅及各种形态铅的测量方法 ,对应用于汽油中铅含量测定的化学分析法、光谱法、色谱法、电化学法等方法的分析依据、测量精度、检出限、应用范围都进行了比较和评述。色谱与选择性检测器联用能对有机铅进行形态分析 ,不受汽油组分的干扰 ,并且不需要前处理。引用参考文献 2

氯化三有机基锡和氯化三有机基铅与三苯基氧胂配合物的合成和晶体结构研究(英文)

描述了一水合三苯基氧胂Ｐｈ３ＡｓＯ·Ｈ２Ｏ（１）及其与氯化三苯基锡，氯化三对氯苯基锡及氯化三苯基铅配合物［Ｐｈ３ＳｎＣｌ（ＯＡｓＰｈ３）］（２），［（ＣｌＰｈ）３ＳｎＣｌ（ＯＡｓＰｈ３）］（３）和［Ｐｈ３ＰｂＣｌ（ＯＡｓＰｈ３）］（４）的合成和晶体结构，晶体数据分别为（１）单斜品系，空间群ｐ２１／ｎ，ａ＝９．４６０４（７），ｂ＝１６．６３４７（７），ｃ＝１１．１５４４（１１）Ａ，β＝１１３．２３３（６），Ｖ＝１６１３.０（２）Ａ３，Ｚ＝４， Ｄｃａｌｃｄ＝１．４０１ｇ· ｃｍ－３， Ｒ＝０．０５７６， Ｒｗ＝０．０６８３；（２）单斜晶系，空间群 Ｐ２１／ｎ，ａ＝１８．２３５（４），ｂ＝１８．２０３（４），ｃ＝１８．９１７（４）Ａ， β＝９４．０７（３），ｖ＝６２６３（２）Ａ，Ｚ＝８，Ｄｃａｌｃｄ＝１．５０１ｇ·ｃｍ－３，Ｒ＝０．０５１０，Ｒｗ＝０.０６４８；（３）三斜晶系，空间群Ｐ１，ａ＝１２．９７８７（１１），ｂ＝１３．８７３（２），Ｃ＝２０．１８３（３）Ａ，ａ＝９８．０５１（１０），β＝９９．１７６（９），γ＝９１.２１２（８），Ｖ＝３５４８（７）Ａ，Ｚ＝４，Ｄｃａｌｃｄ＝１．５１８ｇ·ｃｍ－３，Ｒ＝０．０７４，

剩余污泥中PCDD/Fs与有机金属化合物的分布特征

分析测定了24座污水处理厂的剩余污泥中多氯代二苯并二英/呋喃(PCDD/Fs)、有机锡和有机铅化合物的浓度及其同系物分布特征,并计算了PCDD/Fs的国际毒性当量(I-TEQ)值。结果表明,剩余污泥中的PCDD/Fs总浓度为104.1~1 661.0pg·g^(-1)和2.51~75.21pg·g^(-1)(I-TEQ),I-TEQ值低于我国土地利用限值;三丁基锡、二丁基锡和二氯二苯基锡的浓度分别为247~3 886ng·g^(-1)、126~629ng·g^(-1)和84~2 133ng·g^(-1);有机铅化合物的总浓度为85~668ng·g^(-1),表明有机铅化合物对环境的潜在影响仍然存在。

Recent advances in resistive random access memory based on lead halide perovskite

Lead halide perovskites have attracted increasing attention in photovoltaic devices,light-emitting diodes,photodetectors,and other fields due to their excellent properties.Besides optoelectronic devices,growing numbers of studies have focused on the perovskite-based electrical devices in the past few years,such as transistors and resistive random access memories(RRAMs).Here,this article summarizes the recent progress the researchers have made of RRAM devices.Primarily,the working mechanism and the key parameters of RRAM are introduced.Generally,the working principles,including the conductive filament model(containing the types of the model of the metal cationsinduced filament and the model of the ions migration in bulk),the interface effect,and the electronic effect are the origins of the RRAM behaviors,and hence,various factors that affect the device performance are explored.Then,RRAMs based on organolead halide perovskite and all-inorganic perovskite are discussed in terms of different structures,different compositions,and different fabrication methods.Finally,a brief conclusion and a broad outlook are given on the progress and challenges in the field of perovskite-based RRAMs.

Efficient CHzNHzPbl3 perovskite solar cells with 2TPA- n-DP hole-transporting layers

CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells with 2TPA-n-DP （TPA = 4,4＇-（（1E, I＇E,3E,3＇E）- [1,1＇-biphenyl]4,4＇-diylbis（buta-1,3-diene-4,1-diyl））; DP = bis（N,N-di-p-tolylaniline）; n = 1, 2, 3, 4） as hole-transporting materials （HTMs） have been fabricated. After optimization of the mesoporous TiO2 film thickness, devices based on 2TPA- 2-DP with power conversion efficiencies （PCEs） of up to 12.96% have been achieved, comparable to those of devices with （2,2＇,7,7＇-tetrakis（N,N-di-p- methoxyphenylamine）-9,9＇-spirobifluorene） （spiro-OMeTAD） as HTM under similar conditions. Further time-resolved photoluminescence （PL） measurements showed a fast charge transfer process at the perovskite/2TPA-2-DP interface. With the aid of electrochemical impedance spectra, a study of the electron blocking ability of 2TPA-2-DP in the device reveals that the presence of 2TPA-2-DP can greatly increase charge transfer resistance at the HTM/Au interface in the device, thus reducing the recombination. Furthermore, the perovskite solar cells based on these four HTMs exhibit ~ood stability after testin~ for one month.

Diffusion-correlated local photoluminescence kinetics in CH_3NH_3PbI_3 perovskite single-crystalline particles

Understanding the correlation between the life- time, mobility and diffusion length of photoinduced charge carriers in organolead halide perovskite is essential to suc- cessful perovskite-based solar cells. In this paper, through mapping the local photoluminescence （PL） dynamics using laser/PL-scanned confocal imaging microscopy and simu- lating the carrier diffusion process in an individual CH3NH3PbI3 single-crystalline particle, we report that the rapid diffusion of charge carriers can produce a fast local PL kinetics when the perovskite is partially excited. This result indicates that using PL kinetics to estimate the carrier life- time in perovskite single crystals needs to exclude the effect of carrier diffusion.

Highly Efficient Self-Trapped Bluish White-Light Emission from[Pb4Cl5]3+Nodes in a Moisture-Tolerant Metal–Organic Framework

Highly luminescent zero-dimensional(0D)metal halide clusters attract widespread attention owing to strong exciton confinement and populated self-trapped states but often exhibit narrow emission and are susceptible to hydrolysis.Herein,we demonstrate a moisture-resistant metal–organic framework(MOF)consisting of cationic 0D[Pb_(4)Cl_(5)]^(3+)nodes bridged by adamantanetetracarboxylate.Upon near-UV excitation,the material emits intrinsic broadband bluish white-light emission with high external quantum efficiency of 35%and a color rendering index of 76.Unlike organoammonium cations in lead perovskites,the Pb-carboxylate coordination affords the MOF to be chemically stable and photostable in high humidity.The photoemitter exhibits undiminished photoemissions under ambient conditions[∼60%relative humidity(RH)]upon continuous UV irradiation(143 mW/cm^(2),365 nm)for 7 days.The insertion of[Na_(4)Cl]^(3+)moieties will connect 0D units into two-dimensional(2D)metal halide layers to limit structural strain and decrease the quantum efficiency from 35%to 15%,confirming the key importance of 0D units for efficient emission.