Simultaneous determination of human plasma protein binding of bioactive favonoids in Polygonum orientale by equilibrium dialysis combined with UPLC–MS/MS

A simple and selective ultra performance liquid chromatography--electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-ESI-MS/MS） assay was developed for the determination of the human plasma protein binding of four bioactive ftavonoids （such as orientin and vitexin） in Polygonum orientale. Protein precipitation was used for sample preparation. Equilibrium dialysis technique was applied to determine the plasma protein binding under physiological conditions. The separation was achieved through a Waters C i s column with a mobile phase composed of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1% aqueous formic acid using step gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min. A Waters ACQUITYTM TQD system was operated under the multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） mode of positive electrospray ionization. All of the recovery, precision, accuracy and stability of the method met the requirements. Good correlations （r 〉 0.99） of the four compounds were found, which suggested that these compounds can be simultaneously determined with acceptable accuracy. Results showed that the plasma protein bindings of the four bioactive flavonoids were in the range of 74-89% over the six concentrations studied. The binding parameters containing protein binding affinity, protein binding dissociation constant, and protein binding site were studied. The maximum ability to bind with protein was also determined in the assay in order to understand the drug-protein binding of each compound better.

Simultaneous determination of four active components in Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juz. by HPLC–DAD using a single reference standard

A rapid, simple and practical high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with diode array detector（HPLC–DAD） was developed to evaluate the quality of Alisma orientale（Sam.） Juz.through a simultaneous determination of four major active triterpenes using a single standard to determine the multi-components（SSDMCs）. Alisol B 23-acetate was selected as the reference compound for calculating the relative response factors. All calibration curves showed good linearity（R240.9998） within test ranges. RSDs for intra- and inter-day of four analytes were less than 3.6% and 2.3%; the overall recovery was 92.1–110.2%（SSDMC）. The proposed method was successfully applied to quantify the four components in 20 samples from different localities in China. Moreover, significant variations were demonstrated in the content of these compounds. In addition, hierarchical clustering analysis（HCA） and principal components analysis（PCA） were performed to differentiate and classify the samples based on the contents of Alisol C 23-acetate, Alisol A, Alisol A 24-acetate and Alisol B 23-acetate. This simple,rapid, low-cost and reliable HPLC–DAD method using SSDMC is suitable for routine quantitative analysis and quality control of A. orientale（Sam.） Juz.

A UFLC/MS/MS method for simultaneous quantitation of alisol A and alisol B 23-acetate from Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juz. in rat plasma

A sensitive and reliable ultra fast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UFLC-MS/MS)method has been developed and validated for simultaneous quantitation of alisol A and alisol B 23-acetate from Alisma orientale(Sam.)Juz.in rat plasma using diazepam as an internal standard(IS).The plasma samples were extracted by liquideliquid extraction with methyl tert-butyl ether and separated on a Venusil MP C18 column(100 mm×2.1 mm,3.0 mm)(Venusil,China)using gradient elution with the mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.1%acetic acid in water at a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min.The two analytes were monitored with positive electrospray ionization by multiple reaction monitoring mode(MRM).The lower limit of quantitation was 5.00 ng/ml for alisol A and 5.00 ng/ml for alisol B 23-acetate.The calibration curves were linear in the range of 5.00 e2500 ng/ml for alisol A and 5e2500 ng/ml for alisol B 23-acetate.The mean extraction recoveries were above 63.8%for alisol A and 68.0%for alisol B 23-acetate from biological matrixes.Both intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy of analytes were well within acceptance criteria(15%).The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of alisol A and alisol B 23-acetate in rat plasma after oral administration of alcohol extract of Alismatis Rhizoma.

Fine debris flows formed by the Orientale basin

The prototype for investigations of formation mechanisms and related geological effects of large impact basins on planetary bodies has been the Orientale basin on the Moon.Its widespread secondaries,light plains,and near-rim melt flows have been well mapped in previous studies.Flow features are also widely associated with secondaries on planetary bodies,but their physical properties are not well constrained.The nature of flow features associated with large impact basins are critically important to understand the emplacement process of basin ejecta,which is one of the most fundamental processes in shaping the shallow crusts of planetary bodies.Here we use multisource remote sensing data to constrain the physical properties of flow features formed by the secondaries of the Orientale basin.The results suggest that such flows are dominated by centimeter-scale fine debris fines;larger boulders are not abundant.The shattering of target materials during the excavation of the Orientale basin,landing impact of ejecta that formed the secondaries,and grain comminution within the flows have substantially reduced particle sizes,forming the fine flows.The discovery of global-wide fine debris flows formed by large impact basins has profound implications to the interpretation of both previously-returned samples and remote sensing data.

Hepatolithiasis:Epidemiology,presentation,classification and management of a complex disease

The term hepatolithiasis describes the presence of biliary stones within the intrahepatic bile ducts,above the hilar confluence of the hepatic ducts.The disease is more prevalent in Asia,mainly owing to socioeconomic and dietary factors,as well as the prevalence of biliary parasites.In the last century,owing to migration,its global incidence has increased.The main pathophysiological mechanisms involve cholangitis,bile infection and biliary strictures,creating a self-sustaining cycle that perpetuates the disease,frequently characterised by recurrent episodes of bacterial infection referred to as syndrome of“recurrent pyogenic cholangitis”.Furthermore,long-standing hepatolithiasis is a known risk factor for development of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Various classifications have aimed at providing useful insight of clinically relevant aspects and guidance for treatment.The management of symptomatic patients and those with complications can be complex,and relies upon a multidisciplinary team of hepatologists,endoscopists,interventional radiologists and hepatobiliary surgeons,with the main goal being to offer relief from the clinical presentations and prevent the development of more serious complications.This comprehensive review provides insight on various aspects of hepatolithiasis,with a focus on epidemiology,new evidence on pathophysiology,most important clinical aspects,different classification systems and contemporary management.

Exploratory and Descriptive Study of the Kimberlite Massif of Boya-02 at Eastern Kasai in the Democratic Republic of Congo

The Boya-02 kimberlite was identified at depth by geophysical survey work (a single-probe AM survey in 1997 and a gravity survey in 2006) that De Beers DRC Exploration carried out around anomaly 193/172/0019. This anomaly located approximately 50 km southwest of the town of Mbuji-Mayi in the Kasaï-Oriental Province in the DRC should therefore be the subject of detailed exploration with the aim of better identifying and describing this kimberlite. Thus, through exploratory work and cross-checking of geophysical and geological data, the discovery of this Massif was made by drilling on the aeromagnetic anomaly 193/172/X298. Based on drilling, sampling and laboratory petrographic analysis reports, the Boya-02 kimberlite was classified among highly diluted re-sedimented volcaniclastic kimberlites (KVR), rich in olivine and incidentally in quartz and poor in juvenile substances. This kimberlite represents a deposit of very low economic interest following extremely high dilution. The Boya-02 kimberlite was modeled using ground magnetism data. It is a complex anomaly comprising 2 components with variable amplitude appearing on a subtly magnetized linear detail. The modeled dimensions of two components of this anomaly are 0.32 Ha and 0.2 Ha at depths of 32 m & 14 m for the deposits to the West and the East respectively. Garnet data for the Boya-02 occurrence reports a maximum Pmin value of 49.7 kbar (207 garnets). These data demonstrate the high diamond potential which assumes a conductive cratonic geotherm of 40 mWm2.

Flexible nest site selection of the endangered Oriental Storks(Ciconia boyciana):Trade-off from adaptive strategies

Nest site selection is a vital component of bird reproduction success,and an adaptive behavior conducted to decrease nest predation risk with avoiding external disturbances.Understanding patterns of nest site selection can provide insights into how species adapt to changes in their habitat and has important conservation implications.In this study,we used microhabitat variables and multi-scale data with a field survey of nest occurrence to determine nest site selection patterns and adaptive strategies of the breeding Oriental Storks(Ciconia boyciana)in different nest areas.Results demonstrate that the nest site microhabitat characteristics of the breeding Oriental Storks significantly differed among the three nesting areas,and nest height was higher in the middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain than in the Northeast China and Bohai Bay nest areas.The food resources and intensity of human disturbance had the greatest effects on the nest site selection of the breeding Oriental Storks.The intensity of human disturbance was positively correlated with the nest height of the breeding Oriental Storks in Bohai Bay and the middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain;however,nest height decreased with the abundance of food resources in the Northeast China nest area.Our findings indicate that the nest site selection patterns of Oriental Storks showed flexible adaptive strategies.In safer environments,nests were lower and closer to food resources,which allows parent storks to invest more in the nestlings.However,in areas where human activity was intense,nests were higher to ensure the safety of their offspring.Some measures that could be taken to improve the breeding habitat of Oriental Storks include increasing the percentage of wetland areas in nesting areas to enhance food resources availability and setting artificial nests at suitable heights in potential nesting grounds to encourage nesting.Finally,the establishment of soft barriers around the nesting areas could increase the safety of nests.

Possible source and migration pathway for early-summer immigrants of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata, arriving in northern Japan

The first generation of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata(Walker), arrives every year in northern Japan in mainly late May to early June. Analyses of weather maps suggested that this moth’s immigration source could be eastern China, but the accuracy of those analyses was very limited due to the lack of a current standard trajectory analysis. The management of migratory insect pests such as M. separata benefits from the identification of the migration source(s)and pathway(s) of the pests. The present study provides a trajectory analysis for M. separata. Backward trajectories from trap sites in northern Japan were calculated with the HYSPLIT System developed by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, taking the flight speed of M. separata and the limitation of low ambient temperature at flight height into account. The ending times of the moth’s short and long trajectories were set at dusk on the day before and two days before the possible arrival date, respectively. The results suggested two types of possible migration pathway: a multi-step pathway from Northeast China, the Korean Peninsula, and eastern Russia, which are destination areas of the first-generation’s migration, and a direct pathway from seasonal main emigration areas in eastern China such as Jiangsu and Shandong provinces. These findings contribute to our understanding of the migration ecology of M. separata and can be used for the development of methods to predict the migration of this insect.

Migration routes of the endangered Oriental Stork(Ciconia boyciana)from Xingkai Lake,China,and their repeatability as revealed by GPS tracking

The Oriental Stork(Ciconia boyciana)is listed as'Endangered'on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature(IUCN)Red List of Threatened Species and is classified as a first category nationally protected bird species in China.Understanding this species'seasonal movements and migration will facilitate effective conservation to promote its population.We tagged 27 Oriental Stork nestlings at Xingkai Lake on the Sanjiang Plain in Heilongjiang Province,China,used GPS tracking to follow them over the periods of 2014-2017 and 2019-2022,and confirmed their detailed migratory routes using the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS 10.7.We discovered four migration routes during autumn migration:one common long-distance migration route in which the storks migrated along the coastline of Bohai Bay to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River for wintering,one short-distance migration route in which the storks wintered in Bohai Bay and two other migration routes in which the storks crossed the Bohai Strait around the Yellow River and wintered in South Korea.There were no significant differences in the number of migration days,residence days,migration distances,number of stopovers and average number of days spent at stopover sites between the autumn and spring migrations(P>0.05).However,the storks migrated significantly faster in spring than in autumn(P=0.03).The same individuals did not exhibit a high degree of repetition in their migration timing and route selection in either autumn or spring migration.Even storks from the same nest exhibited considerable between-individual variation in their migration routes.Some important stopover sites were identified,especially in the Bohai Rim Region and on the Songnen Plain,and we further explored the current conservation status at these two important sites.Overall,our results contribute to the understanding of the annual migration,dispersal and protection status of the endangered Oriental Stork and provide a scientific basis for conservation decisions and the development of action plans for this species.

Effects of Dietary Straw Content on Growth and Development of Locusta migratoria and Its Egg Hatching

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary straw content on the growth and development of oriental migratory locusts(Locusta migratoria),as well as the effects of temperature and substrate on their egg hatching.[Methods]The eggs of oriental migratory locusts were hatched at 15,20,25,30,35,and 40℃in sawdust,soil and sawdust+soil conditions,respectively,to determine suitable environmental conditions for artificial hatching of oriental migratory locusts.Rice straw was added at 0%,20%,40%,60%,80%and 100%to the basic diet,and the obtained diets was feed to oriental migratory locusts at the 4^(th)instar,to investigate the effects on their growth and development.[Results]The eggs of oriental migratory locusts had a good hatching rate at 25-30℃,and sawdust was the best choice for their hatching substrate.Adding 40%of rice straw to the diet could ensure the normal growth and development of oriental migratory locusts while consuming as much rice straw as possible.[Conclusions]This study explored a technical solution for efficiently producing insect protein from discarded crop straw(treating waste with insects,and turning waste into treasure),providing support for breeding of oriental migratory locusts and locust disaster prevention.

Oriental Utopia under the Gaze of the Other-A Brief Analysis of the Construction of the Oriental Image in Lost Horizon

Lost Horizon tells a story about Shangri-La,a paradise in the Orient.Throughout the construction of the Oriental image in the novel,it can be found that under its representation of being enslaved,driven,marginalized and silenced,it implies a three-dimensional flow mechanism with multiple power-relationships interwoven between Orient and Occident,insiders and outsiders,“civilized”and“uncivilized”,male and female,etc.Driven by this mechanism,the Oriental image is integrated under a single abstract label,which has become a way for the Occident to re-understand,reconstruct and express itself after the war.

鱼粉蛋白与发酵酶解豆粕蛋白不同配比对日本沼虾生长及免疫性能的影响

本试验旨在评价补充微囊氨基酸条件下鱼粉蛋白和发酵酶解豆粕蛋白不同配比对日本沼虾生长和免疫性能的影响。试验配制5组等氮等能饲料,以发酵酶解豆粕分别替代饲料中0(FM组)、25%(R25组)、50%(R50组)、75%(R75组)以及100%的鱼粉(R100组)(鱼粉蛋白与发酵酶解豆粕蛋白配比分别为1∶0、3∶1、1∶1、1∶3和0∶1),对平均体重为(0.103 0±0.000 2)g的日本沼虾进行8周的饲养试验,随后对各组虾进行嗜水气单胞菌感染试验。每组设5个重复,每个重复50尾虾。结果表明:当鱼粉蛋白与发酵酶解豆粕蛋白配比为1∶1时,日本沼虾的增重率达到最大,显著高于FM和R100组(P<0.05),各组日本沼虾的存活率无显著差异(P>0.05);各组日本沼虾的肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力及丙二醛(MDA)含量无显著差异(P>0.05);FM组日本沼虾的血细胞总数及血淋巴吞噬活性均显著高于R100组(P<0.05);肝胰腺中热应激同源蛋白70和热应激蛋白90的mRNA相对表达水平分别在FM和R25组达到最高,显著高于其余各组(P<0.05);当发酵酶解豆粕替代鱼粉比例超过50%时,嗜水气单胞菌感染后日本沼虾的累计死亡率显著增加(P<0.05)。由此可见,发酵酶解豆粕可作为日本沼虾饲料中较好的蛋白质源,在氨基酸平衡条件下鱼粉蛋白和发酵酶解豆粕蛋白的最佳配比为1∶1。

补光及施肥对东方百合‘玛丽’切花生长和品质的影响

以东方百合品种‘玛丽’(Mero star)为材料,研究了补光和施肥对其生长发育和开花的影响。结果表明:补光促进了开花,能提早20 d左右,使切花品质提高,花败育减少,促进了花色鲜艳。而施肥对开花早晚无明显影响,但在补光条件下随着施肥水平的提高品质提高。

外源水杨酸对东方百合夏季生长的影响

以东方百合(Oriental hybrids)杂种系西伯利亚(Siberi)为材料,研究外源水杨酸对东方百合夏季生长的影响。采用25、50、100、200 mg/L的水杨酸(SA)对西伯利亚进行叶面喷施处理,测定其可溶性蛋白质和叶绿素含量、SOD和POD活性的变化。现蕾后分别统计西伯利亚株高、茎粗和花蕾数。结果表明,与对照相比,西伯利亚叶片中叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质含量上升,SOD和POD(除25 mg/L处理外)的活性增加。在0～100 mg/L范围内随着水杨酸浓度的增加,西伯利亚株高、茎粗和花蕾数不断增加,其中以100mg/L的效果最明显。说明水杨酸可以提高西伯利亚的耐热性,从而提高夏季切花品质。

罗田甜柿种质资源ISSR分子标记初步鉴定

分别采集湖北省罗田县、麻城市自然分布的28、8株罗田甜柿(Diospyros kaki Thunb cv.Oriental persimmon)古树优系及小涩柿、无核、宝盖、秋焰甜柿优系为研究材料,利用简单重复序列间扩增分子标记(Inter simple sequence repeat,ISSR)技术对40个甜柿优系进行初步认证及亲缘关系分析。结果表明:1从21条ISSR引物中筛选出了9条能够扩增出清晰、稳定条带的引物,9条引物共扩增出185条谱带,其中多态性条带有185条,多态性条带比率为100%;2应用NTSYS2.10e软件对扩增结果进行非加权组平均法(Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means,UPGMA)聚类分析,40个甜柿优系大致被分为两大类,遗传相似系数从0.39到0.92;3罗田甜柿古树基因资源丰富,每个基因型都有其独特的指纹图谱,遗传多样性高。罗田甜柿优系间的亲缘关系与地理来源有一定的相关性,麻城市与罗田县地理位置交界区域的罗田甜柿资源相对集中在A区,其他地理位置采集优系集中在B区。分析结果可为罗田甜柿种质资源开发、基因资源保存、后期品种审定及鉴别提供理论依据。

中国青铜器中的锌

锌在早期中国青铜器中是一种相当有意思的元素，它不仅可作为一个技术研究的线索，同时也是年代考证的标志。基于原始的熔炼方法，一些早期的青铜器似乎含有较可观的锌。随着坩埚精炼技术的发展，商中期前后青铜器中的锌消失了。在汉代的青铜器中少量的锌重又出现，对欧亚草原一带的青铜器，以及一些青铜带钩及礼器的分析，均表明在汉代的青铜器中含有少量的锌，锌含量较高（大于０．７５％）者则意味着是伪器或是以后的仿制品。晚期的中国青铜器（雕塑和钱币）显示锌含量逐渐增加，从那时直至现代，青铜和黄铜都是被明确区分为二种不同的合金。

东方百合花器离体培养和快速繁殖研究

以东方百合(Liliumtenuifoliumorientalhybrid)索邦品种的花瓣、花丝、花托为外植体,就不同激素组合对诱导愈伤组织和不定芽的影响进行了研究.结果表明,索邦百合花瓣、花丝、花托形成愈伤组织的能力有差异,其能力大小依次为花托>花丝>花瓣;愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为MS+2,4-D1 0mg/L+BA0 5mg/L,芽最佳分化培养基为MS+BA1 0mg/L+NAA0 1mg/L,芽最佳增殖培养基为MS+KT0 5mg/L+NAA0 1mg/L,生根最佳培养基为1/2MS+NAA0 2mg/L.

老舍参加编写录制的国语唱片教材

1924到1929年老舍先生受聘于伦敦大学东方学院中文部。在这期间,他参加编写了一套国语留声机唱片教材。这套教材分唱片和课本两部分。唱片由老舍发音,一共16张,32面。(舒乙《老舍》一书说有15张,30面,不确)课本分为两册,397页。有的版本书脊上印有“言语声片”四个中文字。封面的英文书名为Lingua-phone Oriental Language Courses Chinese。(有的版本封面英文书名无 oriental)

Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Oripavine and Its Derivatives

Oripavine is the major alkaloid of Papaver orientale. It is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of morphine alkaloids. Recently, new Papaver somniferum strains have been developed which accumulate thebaine and oripavine, but not morphine and codeine. Therefore, the chemistry of oripavine has been studied intensively to synthesize opioid pharmaceuticals such as oxymorphone, naloxone and buprenorphine.

纠缠于如何定义“东方”

"东方"是一个地域概念还是一个文化概念?如果是指地域,以哪里作为立足点来谈"东方"?是谁眼中的"东方"?如果是文化概念,划分的原则是什么?文章以东方学批判为起点,就这个议题展开讨论。