Underground mines require complex construction activities including the shaft, levels, raises, winzes and ore passes. In an underground mine based on stoping method, orebody part(s) maximizing profit should be determi...Underground mines require complex construction activities including the shaft, levels, raises, winzes and ore passes. In an underground mine based on stoping method, orebody part(s) maximizing profit should be determined. This process is called stope layout optimization (SLO) and implemented under site-specific geotechnical, operational and economic constraints. For practical purpose, the design obtained by SLO shows consecutive stopes in one path, which assists in defining the mining direction of these stopes. However, this direction may not accommodate the spatial distribution of the ore grade: if the orebody orientation and mining direction differ, the value of the mining operation may decrease. This paper proposes an approach whereby paths in the SLO are defined as decision variables to avoid the cost of mining in the wrong direction. Furthermore, in the genetic-based formulation, which accounts for orebody uncertainty, a robust cluster average design process is proposed to improve SLO’s performance regarding metal content. A case study in narrow gold vein deposit shows that the profit of an underground mining operation could be underestimated by 25%-48% if the algorithm ignores stope layout orientation.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to survey the EMS （emergency medical services） personnel preparedness for major incidents in the underground mining industry in Sweden. Every year, a high number of incidents, workplace...The purpose of this study was to survey the EMS （emergency medical services） personnel preparedness for major incidents in the underground mining industry in Sweden. Every year, a high number of incidents, workplace accidents and fires are reported from the Swedish mining industry. Taking care of patients located in an underground mine represents a challenge to EMS personnel. Today, knowledge about EMS personnel preparedness for major incidents in the mining industry is limited. The study design was a cross-sectional survey. The questionnaires were distributed to EMS personnel working in ambulance stations geographically located near an underground mine. Thirteen ambulance stations were included and 137 of 258 personnel answered. Demographic data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Differences among groups were analyzed with the Chi-Squared test, continuity correction and t-test. Results showed about half of the participants reported that they do not feel prepared to work in a major incident in an underground mine. The majority wished to receive educational training to enhance their preparedness. The most commonly requested type of education was practical drills on the scene, in an underground mine. The reported preparedness was significantly higher among the participants who had received some kind of education, or had authentic experience of a mission in an underground mine than those who did not. This study reveals shortcomings in the preparedness of EMS personnel. The perceived low preparedness of EMS personnel may affect their ability to work in a major incident in the mining industry. Study findings may be used in planning the future education, including practical drills, of EMS personnel.展开更多
针对现有行业标准对基于信号到达时间TOA(Time of Arrival)技术测距的煤矿井下人员定位精度评价未作相关规定的现状,提出基于TOA技术的煤矿井下人员定位精度评价方法,利用定位系统时间分辨率评价条件、处理器频率评价条件、定位误差评...针对现有行业标准对基于信号到达时间TOA(Time of Arrival)技术测距的煤矿井下人员定位精度评价未作相关规定的现状,提出基于TOA技术的煤矿井下人员定位精度评价方法,利用定位系统时间分辨率评价条件、处理器频率评价条件、定位误差评价条件对静态定位精度进行评价;利用定位巡检周期限定条件、最大位移速度限定条件对动态定位精度进行评价;综合静态和动态定位精度评价结果评价基于TOA的煤矿井下人员定位精度,并可对基于TOA技术的煤矿井下人员定位系统设计进行指导,同时给出了应用该方法进行基于TOA技术煤矿井下人员定位精度评价及煤矿井下人员定位关键设备指标设计指导实例。展开更多
基金Project(488262-15)supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
文摘Underground mines require complex construction activities including the shaft, levels, raises, winzes and ore passes. In an underground mine based on stoping method, orebody part(s) maximizing profit should be determined. This process is called stope layout optimization (SLO) and implemented under site-specific geotechnical, operational and economic constraints. For practical purpose, the design obtained by SLO shows consecutive stopes in one path, which assists in defining the mining direction of these stopes. However, this direction may not accommodate the spatial distribution of the ore grade: if the orebody orientation and mining direction differ, the value of the mining operation may decrease. This paper proposes an approach whereby paths in the SLO are defined as decision variables to avoid the cost of mining in the wrong direction. Furthermore, in the genetic-based formulation, which accounts for orebody uncertainty, a robust cluster average design process is proposed to improve SLO’s performance regarding metal content. A case study in narrow gold vein deposit shows that the profit of an underground mining operation could be underestimated by 25%-48% if the algorithm ignores stope layout orientation.
文摘The purpose of this study was to survey the EMS （emergency medical services） personnel preparedness for major incidents in the underground mining industry in Sweden. Every year, a high number of incidents, workplace accidents and fires are reported from the Swedish mining industry. Taking care of patients located in an underground mine represents a challenge to EMS personnel. Today, knowledge about EMS personnel preparedness for major incidents in the mining industry is limited. The study design was a cross-sectional survey. The questionnaires were distributed to EMS personnel working in ambulance stations geographically located near an underground mine. Thirteen ambulance stations were included and 137 of 258 personnel answered. Demographic data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Differences among groups were analyzed with the Chi-Squared test, continuity correction and t-test. Results showed about half of the participants reported that they do not feel prepared to work in a major incident in an underground mine. The majority wished to receive educational training to enhance their preparedness. The most commonly requested type of education was practical drills on the scene, in an underground mine. The reported preparedness was significantly higher among the participants who had received some kind of education, or had authentic experience of a mission in an underground mine than those who did not. This study reveals shortcomings in the preparedness of EMS personnel. The perceived low preparedness of EMS personnel may affect their ability to work in a major incident in the mining industry. Study findings may be used in planning the future education, including practical drills, of EMS personnel.
文摘针对现有行业标准对基于信号到达时间TOA(Time of Arrival)技术测距的煤矿井下人员定位精度评价未作相关规定的现状,提出基于TOA技术的煤矿井下人员定位精度评价方法,利用定位系统时间分辨率评价条件、处理器频率评价条件、定位误差评价条件对静态定位精度进行评价;利用定位巡检周期限定条件、最大位移速度限定条件对动态定位精度进行评价;综合静态和动态定位精度评价结果评价基于TOA的煤矿井下人员定位精度,并可对基于TOA技术的煤矿井下人员定位系统设计进行指导,同时给出了应用该方法进行基于TOA技术煤矿井下人员定位精度评价及煤矿井下人员定位关键设备指标设计指导实例。
