厄瓜多尔Oriente盆地白垩系Napo组LU亚段沉积模式

厄瓜多尔Oriente盆地北部白垩系Napo组LU亚段地层油气资源极其丰富,具有较大的油气勘探潜力,由于目前对LU亚段地层沉积模式认识不清晰,极大程度上限制了研究区进一步勘探开发。依据LU亚段岩芯观察、测井、成熟度分析以及镜下薄片等资料,通过岩芯岩性、结构等岩石学特征,沉积构造、生物遗迹化石、沉积韵律等沉积学特征,以及测井相标志认为,研究区LU亚段地层发育于潮汐作用为主的海陆过渡环境,并在前人研究基础上提出潮控河口湾与陆棚之间存在过渡带沉积,形成了潮控河口湾-过渡带-陆棚沉积体系,识别出潮汐水道、潮汐砂坝、砂坪、海绿石砂席、混合坪、陆棚泥和灰质滩共7种沉积微相,其中,优势储层相带为潮汐水道和潮汐砂坝,砂坪次之。建立研究区潮控河口湾-过渡带-陆棚沉积模式,以期对Oriente盆地白垩系Napo组油气勘探提供有利的科学依据。

基于改进Oriented R-CNN的旋转框麦穗检测与计数模型

为对干扰、遮挡等复杂的田野环境中麦穗进行精准定位与计数,该研究提出了一种改进的Oriented R-CNN麦穗旋转框检测与计数方法,首先在主干网络中引入跨阶段局部空间金字塔(spatial pyramid pooling cross stage partial networks,SPPCSPC)模块扩大模型感受野,增强网络感知能力;其次,在颈网络中结合路径聚合网络(PANet,path aggregation network)和混合注意力机制(E2CBAM,efficient two convolutional block attention module),丰富特征图包含的特征信息;最后采用柔性非极大值抑制算法(Soft-NMS,soft-non maximum suppression)优化预测框筛选过程。试验结果显示,改进的模型对复杂环境中的麦穗检测效果良好。相较原模型,平均精确度均值mAP提高了2.02个百分点,与主流的旋转目标检测模型Gliding vertex、R3det、Rotated Faster R-CNN、S2anet和Rotated Retinanet相比,mAP分别提高了4.99、2.49、3.94、2.25和4.12个百分点。该研究方法利用旋转框准确定位麦穗位置,使得框内背景区域面积大幅度减少,为实际观察麦穗生长状况和统计数量提供了一种有效的方法。

Estimation of cancer cell migration in biomimetic random/oriented collagen fiber microenvironments

Increasing data indicate that cancer cell migration is regulated by extracellular matrixes and their surrounding biochemical microenvironment,playing a crucial role in pathological processes such as tumor invasion and metastasis.However,conventional two-dimensional cell culture and animal models have limitations in studying the influence of tumor microenvironment on cancer cell migration.Fortunately,the further development of microfluidic technology has provided solutions for the study of such questions.We utilize microfluidic chip to build a random collagen fiber microenvironment(RFM)model and an oriented collagen fiber microenvironment(OFM)model that resemble early stage and late stage breast cancer microenvironments,respectively.By combining cell culture,biochemical concentration gradient construction,and microscopic imaging techniques,we investigate the impact of different collagen fiber biochemical microenvironments on the migration of breast cancer MDA-MB-231-RFP cells.The results show that MDA-MB-231-RFP cells migrate further in the OFM model compared to the RFM model,with significant differences observed.Furthermore,we establish concentration gradients of the anticancer drug paclitaxel in both the RFM and OFM models and find that paclitaxel significantly inhibits the migration of MDA-MB-231-RFP cells in the RFM model,with stronger inhibition on the high concentration side compared to the low concentration side.However,the inhibitory effect of paclitaxel on the migration of MDA-MB-231-RFP cells in the OFM model is weak.These findings suggest that the oriented collagen fiber microenvironment resembling the late-stage tumor microenvironment is more favorable for cancer cell migration and that the effectiveness of anticancer drugs is diminished.The RFM and OFM models constructed in this study not only provide a platform for studying the mechanism of cancer development,but also serve as a tool for the initial measurement of drug screening.

Analysis of the Effect of Problem-Oriented Nursing Intervention on Patients with Lower Extremity Arteriosclerosis Obliterans in Vascular Surgery

Objective: To analyze the effect of problem-oriented nursing intervention on patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) in vascular surgery. Methods: The clinical data of 128 patients with lower extremity ASO in vascular surgery were selected and randomly divided into groups A and B, with 64 cases each. Group A is the control group, and Group B is the observation group. Group A received the routine nursing intervention, and Group B received the problem-oriented nursing intervention. The compliance, self-care ability, psychological state, quality of life, and nursing satisfaction of the two groups of patients were evaluated based on various indicators. Results: After the intervention, the evaluation of self-care ability (ESCA) score of the patients in Group B was higher than that of Group A, and the symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90) score was lower than that of Group A. The differences were significant (t = 10.019, t = 3.118, P < 0.01). After the intervention, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) index scores of the two groups increased and the increase in Group B was significantly higher than Group A (P < 0.001). The compliance rate of Group B (62/ 96.88%) was higher than that of Group A (52/ 81.25%), and the difference was extremely significant (χ2 = 8.020, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Problem-oriented nursing intervention for patients with lower extremity ASO in vascular surgery improved the patient’s self-care ability, and quality of life, reduced the patient’s negative emotions, and enhanced their overall satisfaction.

南美洲Oriente盆地斜坡带W区块构造-岩性复合油藏成藏模式及有利区预测

通过岩心观察、地震解释、储层反演、原油地化分析、油源对比、油气运移示踪分析等对南美洲Oriente盆地斜坡带W区块典型构造-岩性复合油藏的成藏规律进行了分析,并指出了下一步的有利勘探方向。研究结果表明:①Oriente盆地斜坡带W区块构造-岩性复合油藏整体为西倾和西南倾单斜构造,局部发育鼻隆,油藏目的层为白垩系Napo组M1ss段,砂体呈北西—南东向,储层厚度大、物性好。②研究区河口湾砂坝控制有利储层分布,W区块平稳的西倾和西南倾单斜鼻隆构造背景与NW—SE走向的泥岩条带配合控制圈闭形成,有效油气运移通道的空间展布控制成藏。③构造-岩性油藏为三阶段成藏模式,早期常规原油充注,中期原油遭受降解,晚期常规原油混合降稠。④W区块南部地区2个泥岩条带的西南部位是W区块构造-岩性复合圈闭的有利发育区。

Constructing an ion‐oriented channel on a zinc electrode through surface engineering

The inherent shortcomings of a zinc anode in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries(ZIBs)such as zinc dendrites and side reactions severely limit their practical application.Herein,to address these issues,an ion‐oriented transport channel constructed by graphdiyne(GDY)nanowalls is designed and grown in situ on the surface of a zinc electrode.The vertically stacked GDY nanowalls with a unique hierarchical porous structure and mechanical properties form a nanomesh‐like interface on the zinc electrode,acting as an ion‐oriented channel,which can efficiently confine the segmented growth of zinc metal in microscopic regions of hundreds of nanometers.In those microscopic regions,the uniform domain current density is effortlessly maintained compared with a large surface area,thereby inhibiting zinc dendrites effectively.Besides,due to the presence of the ion‐oriented channel,the modified zinc anode demonstrates long‐term stable zinc plating/stripping performance for more than 600 h at 1 mAh cm^(−2)in an aqueous electrolyte.In addition,full‐cells coupled with MnO2 show high specific capacity and power density,as well as excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 82%after 5000 cycles at 1 A g^(−1).This work provides a feasible and accessible surface engineering approach to modify the electrode interface for confined and dendrite‐free zinc deposition in aqueous ZIBs.

Construction of Oriented Structure in Inner Surface of Small-Diameter Artificial Blood Vessels:A Review

There is an urgent need for small-diameter artificial blood vessels in clinic.Physical,chemical and biological factors should be integrated to avoid thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia after implantation and to promote successful fabrication of small-diameter artificial blood vessels.From a physical perspective,the internal oriented structures of natural blood vessels plays an important role in guiding the directional growth of cells,improving the blood flow environment,and promoting the regeneration of vascular tissue.In this review,the effects of the oriented structures on cells,including endothelial cells(ECs),smooth muscle cells(SMCs)and stem cells,as well as the effect of the oriented structures on hemodynamics and vascular tissue remodeling and regeneration are introduced.Various forms of oriented structures(fibers,grooves,channels,etc.)and their construction methods are also reviewed.Conclusions and future perspectives are given.It is expected to give some references to relevant researches.

Complexity of Injective Homomorphisms to Small Tournaments, and of Injective Oriented Colourings

Several possible definitions of local injectivity for a homomorphism of an oriented graph G to an oriented graph H are considered. In each case, we determine the complexity of deciding whether there exists such a homomorphism when G is given and H is a fixed tournament on three or fewer vertices. Each possible definition leads to a locally-injective oriented colouring problem. A dichotomy theorem is proved in each case.

Exploring heteroepitaxial growth and electrical properties of α-Ga_(2)O_(3) films on differently oriented sapphire substrates

This study explores the epitaxial relationship and electrical properties of α-Ga_(2)O_(3) thin films deposited on a-plane, mplane, and r-plane sapphire substrates. We characterize the thin films by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, and elucidate thin film epitaxial relationships with the underlying sapphire substrates. The oxygen vacancy concentration of α-Ga_(2)O_(3) thin films on m-plane and r-plane sapphire substrates are higher than α-Ga_(2)O_(3) thin film on a-plane sapphire substrates. All three thin films have a high transmission of over 80% in the visible and near-ultraviolet regions, and their optical bandgaps stay around 5.02–5.16 eV. Hall measurements show that the α-Ga_(2)O_(3) thin film grown on r-plane sapphire has the highest conductivity of 2.71 S/cm, which is at least 90 times higher than the film on a-plane sapphire. A similar orientation-dependence is seen in their activation energy as revealed by temperature-dependent conductivity measurements, with 0.266, 0.079, and 0.075eV for the film on a-, m-, r-plane, respectively. The origin of the distinct transport behavior of films on differently oriented substrates is suggested to relate with the distinct evolution of oxygen vacancies at differently oriented substrates. This study provides insights for the substrate selection when growing α-Ga_(2)O_(3) films with tunable transport properties.

Oriente-Maranon盆地石油地质特征及勘探潜力

Oriente-Maranon盆地是古生代克拉通边缘基础上发展和形成的次安第斯山（Sub-Andeans）前陆盆地之一,经历了克拉通边缘盆地→裂谷盆地→前陆盆地3个演化阶段。盆地内主要的烃源岩及储、盖组合均发育在裂谷盆地阶段,三叠系—侏罗系Pucara群和白垩系Chonta组2套主要烃源岩的排烃高峰期分别是古新世—始新世（距今60-45 Ma）和中新世（距今15-5 Ma）。Chonta组自生自储组合是最重要的成藏组合。盆地西部发育逆冲断层/褶皱圈闭和基底卷入圈闭,中部发育挤压或披覆背斜,东部发育牵引背斜圈闭,不同类型的圈闭沿北西—南东走向呈带状分布。有潜力的勘探领域包括中西部白垩系Chonta组烃源岩供油区域的披覆和挤压背斜圈闭,中部和南部侏罗系Pucara群烃源岩供油区域的牵引背斜圈闭和挤压背斜圈闭,中部的Pucara群碳酸盐岩圈闭,北部和东部成熟探区上白垩统岩性圈闭和上古生界构造-地层圈闭。

厄瓜多尔Oriente盆地东北部区块白垩系层序地层格架及发育模式

白垩系是厄瓜多尔Oriente盆地东北部区块目前油气勘探的主要目的层位,但研究区目前勘探程度不均,对白垩系层序地层划分方案尚未形成系统的认识,极大制约了进一步的油气勘探。因此在研究区白垩系全面开展层序地层学研究具有重要的理论及实践意义。运用经典层序地层学原理与方法,依据岩芯、钻测井、地震等资料,通过识别地震反射终止关系、岩性突变及地层叠置样式变化,对Oriente盆地东北部地区白垩系各级层序边界进行识别,确定了三级层序发育II型层序边界,并建立了全区对比的精细等时地层格架,将白垩系Hollin组和Napo组划分为1个二级层序、6个三级层序、16个四级层序、34个五级层序。各级层序边界识别特征明显。白垩系作为一个较为完整的二级层序,经历了相对海平面的下降—上升—下降完整的沉积旋回,三级层序也具有明显的海进—海退旋回,响应的沉积环境经历了多期潮坪环境过渡到局限台地、内陆棚水下浅滩、外陆棚泥,随后海平面下降,演变为内陆棚灰质滩及局限台地沉积。白垩系精细等时层序地层格架的建立将为下一步有利砂体的分布及预测提供科学依据。

厄瓜多尔Oriente盆地11区块油气勘探潜力分析

厄瓜多尔Oriente盆地是南美安第斯山前盆地中最大的产油盆地之一。通过对Oriente盆地11区块油气成藏条件的系统分析,认为研究区具有丰富的油气资源、优质的储层和有利的生储盖组合条件,前白垩纪和白垩纪末—渐新世时期形成的断鼻、背斜等构造是油气运聚的有利区。综合研究结果表明,11区块是一个极为有利的油气聚集带,具有较大的勘探潜力。

厄瓜多尔Oriente盆地南部区块沉积相模式及有利目标区预测

厄瓜多尔Oriente盆地南部区块Napo组处于海陆交互沉积环境,碎屑岩和灰岩频繁互层。通过分析钻井、测井等相标志,识别出研究区存在海岸平原、潮坪、陆棚和局限台地4种沉积相。通过联井和平面相演化分析,认为研究区为缓坡型混积陆棚边缘沉积相模式,这一相模式以发育广阔的潮坪和混积陆棚为典型特征。潮坪砂岩主要出现在各段的下部,陆棚相的水下浅滩砂岩和灰岩滩出现在各段中部。潮汐水道砂体是最好的储层,灰岩滩为差储层。Wanke,Hormiguero,Horm_sur和Kupi地区为勘探的有利目标区。

厄瓜多尔Oriente盆地Horm-Nantu油田纳波组潮坪微相研究

以小层为基本单元,利用岩心、录井资料对潮坪沉积环境中各微相类型进行了有效识别和划分,建立了潮坪相沉积模式。结合测井解释,总结出不同环境中所形成的岩石记录的沉积特征以及各类沉积单元在测井曲线上的特殊响应。同时,借助地震属性和反演技术确定不同层位的潮道走向及砂体延展范围,从而在井资料有限的条件下获得了研究区小层沉积微相的展布特征。研究认为,Horm-Nantu油田上白垩统LU和M1层主要发育潮坪沉积体系。LU自下而上整体上粒度由粗变细,下部LU-4、LU-3两小层均发育厚度大、物性好的潮道砂体,由海向陆延伸较远。LU-2小层只有向海一侧发育了小范围的粗粒潮道沉积,大面积为泥质沉积,垂向上形成了典型的海退型进积序列。LU-1小层未发育潮道沉积,粒度较粗的仅为砂坪沉积。M1自下而上为两次潮汐周期沉积而成,下部M1-2小层发育两个规模较大的主潮道,潮道方向自南西向北东延伸;上部M1-1小层只发育一个潮道,是在另一轮的潮汐周期内的混合坪环境而形成的。

南美Oriente盆地北部海绿石砂岩油藏特征及成藏规律

南美厄瓜多尔Oriente盆地斜坡带发育的白垩系Napo组高伽马特征的UT海绿石砂岩段是成熟探区新发现的隐蔽含油层段。本文分析了海绿石砂岩储层的矿物组成、孔隙结构、成岩作用、物性特点，并结合烃源岩评价与石油空间分布探讨海绿石砂岩油藏的成藏特征。海绿石粘土矿物以颗粒形式存在，与石英共同构成海绿石砂岩的颗粒组分，海绿石砂岩的孔隙结构具有双峰特征，束缚水含量高，属于中-低孔、中-低渗储层类型，孔隙类型主要是剩余粒间孔。海绿石砂岩储层中石英次生加大属Ⅱ级，长石碎屑颗粒发生溶蚀作用，含铁碳酸盐类胶结物发育，结合泥岩低的I／S混层比和高的最高峰温值Tmax，指示海绿石砂岩层段属于中成岩阶段A期的产物。与海绿石砂岩油藏紧邻的大面积分布的Ⅱ，腐泥型成熟烃源岩就是缓翼斜坡带的生烃中心，大面积连续发育的海绿石砂岩与之构成优越的源储组合，有利于上生下储式成藏。海绿石砂岩油藏表现为近源性、成藏晚期性等特点，规模发育的海绿石砂岩储层得以成藏的主要运聚机制是体积流和扩散流运聚机制。这对盆地其它油区同类油藏的发现具有重要的借鉴意义。

厄瓜多尔Oriente盆地北部区块T段地层沉积演化特征

厄瓜多尔Oriente盆地白垩纪T段地层具有丰富的油气资源,是北部区块油气勘探的重要目的层段,但目前T段地层沉积演化研究程度较低,尚未形成统一认识,极大地制约了该区块的进一步勘探开发。运用沉积岩石学理论方法,结合扫描电镜矿物定量评价方法,依据岩心、薄片、测井、录井等资料,通过描述岩心岩性、结构等岩石学特征以及沉积构造、生物遗迹化石、沉积韵律等沉积学特征,分析测井相标志,认为北部区块T段地层中LT层发育海侵期的外潮控河口湾亚相,包括潮汐砂坝、潮汐水道和潮汐砂坝间3种微相,而MT层和UT层发育潮控内陆棚亚相,包括潮汐沙脊、潮汐砂席和内陆棚泥3种微相。T段地层储层物性主要受沉积微相控制,各沉积微相的储层物性由好到差依次为潮汐砂坝/潮汐沙脊、潮汐水道、潮汐砂席,潮汐砂坝和潮汐沙脊微相发育区为最有利的储集相带。北部区块T段地层发育于以潮汐作用为主、坡度极缓的海陆过渡环境,从而形成了海侵型潮控河口湾-潮控陆棚相沉积模式。本文研究成果可为Oriente盆地北部区块下一步有利储集砂体的分布及预测提供科学依据。

Oriente盆地L-I-Y油田Hollin组与Napo组沉积微相研究

白垩系Hollin组与Napo组是Oriente盆地L-I-Y油田(Limonocha,Indillana,Yanaquincha油田)主要勘探开发层系,多年勘探开发实践证明,其沉积微相是决定勘探井与开发调整井成功与否的关键因素之一,并影响着单井产能与开发效益。为此,将地质与地震相结合,在利用岩心、测井、录井等资料精细识别和划分不同沉积微相特征的基础上,通过井震精细标定和正演模拟,明确了不同沉积微相地震响应特征,运用波形聚类等地震属性,精细描述了主要目的层段沉积微相平面展布。研究认为:Hollin组HP,HS亚段和Napo组TP,TS,UI,UM,US亚段为潮坪沉积环境,Napo组CL,BL,AL亚段为陆棚沉积环境,进一步分为4种亚相、13种微相;在潮坪沉积环境中,潮下带最发育,其次为潮间带,潮上带不发育,潮道、潮道侧积砂坪为最有利沉积微相,控制着优质储层发育区带和油气富集;Hollin组H段有利沉积微相发育,目前钻井相对较少,具有较大的勘探开发潜力,是下一步重点勘探开发层系。

厄瓜多尔Oriente盆地16区块油气地质及勘探潜力

厄瓜多尔Oriente盆地是南美安第斯山前的一个前陆盆地,是厄瓜多尔的主要产油区。通过对Oriente盆地16区块的油气地质条件的系统分析,认为16区块烃源条件较好、储集条件优越、生储盖组合有利,具有较大的勘探潜力。晚白垩世末-古近纪时期形成的低幅(断)背斜、岩性-背斜构造是区内有利的勘探目标,并指出区块东部应以白垩系Napo组的M1、U砂岩为主要目的层系,西部应以M1、T砂岩和Hollin组砂岩为主要目的层系。

厄瓜多尔Oriente盆地南部区块沉积特征

通过构造演化和地层发育特征分析,将厄瓜多尔Oriente盆地南部区块Napo组划分为4个层序。根据岩心中的潮汐层理、羽状交错层理、冲洗交错层理、具有大量贝壳等特征,识别研究区具有潮坪沉积环境。针对其沉积坡度缓,碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩互层沉积的特点,建立了缓坡混积陆棚边缘的沉积相模式,认为Oriente盆地南部区块Napo组发育有海岸平原、潮坪、局限台地和混积陆棚相。相序的垂向组合和平面迁移受海平面升降的控制,指出潮坪砂岩主要出现在各层序的陆架边缘体系域,水下浅滩砂岩出现在海侵体系域。从沉积角度看,潮汐水道砂体是最好的储层砂体。

厄瓜多尔Oriente油田抗高温高盐聚合物驱油剂的研究

针对Oriente油田高温、高盐的实际条件,首先对选定的3种聚合物驱油剂进行黏浓、黏温及稳定性性能评价。研究表明:3种驱油剂的黏度随聚合物浓度的增加而增大,APP5驱油剂增黏幅度明显大于另外两种驱油剂,且聚合物APP5驱油剂在浓度为2500 mg/L时可以满足该油层理论要求的黏度值。但是,由于油层高温(95℃)下,单一APP5驱油剂不能持续维持理论需求黏度值。在单一聚合物驱油剂中按聚合物、Cr3+质量比60:1加入质量分数为2.7%的醋酸铬,同时加入200 mg/L缓凝剂(主要成分为羟基羧酸盐—酒石酸钠),进行交联。结果表明:凝胶在60 d后,黏度均趋于平稳,且聚合物、Cr3+质量比60:1的Cr3+/APP5凝胶能满足油层理论黏度值。通过室内物理模拟实验结果表明:在油田平均含水率达到90%时,转注0.6 PV Cr3+/APP5凝胶驱油剂,油田经济效益达到最佳状态。