New Rural Community Construction or Retention Development:A Comparative Analysis of Rural Settlement Transition Mechanism in Plain Agriculture Area of China Based on Actor Network Theory

It is an important way to realize rural revitalization and sustainable development to guide rural settlement transition(RST)in an appropriate way.This paper uses actor network theory(ANT)to construct a theoretical framework for the study of RST.Taking two typical villages with different transition paths in rural areas of North China Plain as examples,this paper reveals the mechanism of RST and makes a comparative analysis.The results show that:1)after identifying problems and obligatory passage point,key actors recruit heterogeneous actors into the actor network by entrusting them with common interests,and realize RST under the system operation.2)Rural settlements under different transition paths have similarities in the problems to be solved,collective actions and policy factors,but there are differences in the transition process,mechanism and effect.The actor network and mechanism of RST through the path of new rural community construction are more complex and the transition effect is more thorough.In contrast,the degree of RST of retention development path is limited if there is no resource and location advantage.3)Based on the applicable conditions of different paths,this paper designs a logical framework of‘Situation-Structure-Behavior-Result’to scientifically guide the identification of RST paths under the background of rural revitalization.

Research on the Relationship Between Environmental and Economic Coupling Systems in Bohai Bay Area Based on a Vector Autoregression(VAR)Model

This study analyzed the impact of land-based contaminants and tertiary industrial structure on economic development in the selected Bohai Bay area,China.Based on panel data spanning 2011-2020,a vector autoregressive(VAR)model is used to analyze and forecast the short-run and long-run relationships between three industrial structures,pollutant discharge,and economic development.The results showed that the environmental index had a long-term cointegration relationship with the industrial structure economic index.Per capital chemical oxygen demand(PCOD)and per capita ammonia nitrogen(PNH_(3)N)had a positive impact on delta per capita GDP(dPGDP),while per capita solid waste(PSW),the secondary industry rate(SIR)and delta tertiary industry(dTIR)had a negative impact on dPGDP.The VAR model under this coupling system had stability and credibility.The impulse response results showed that the short-term effect of the coupling system on dPGDP was basically consistent with the Granger causality test results.In addition,variance decomposition was used in this study to predict the long-term impact of the coupling system in the next ten periods(i.e.,ten years).It was found that dTIR had a great impact on dPGDP,with a contribution rate as high as 74.35%in the tenth period,followed by the contribution rate of PCOD up to 3.94%,while the long-term contribution rates of PSW,SIR and PNH3N were all less than 1%.The results show that the government should support the development of the tertiary industry to maintain the vitality of economic development and prevent environmental deterioration.

Community Regeneration Based on CPTED Theory: A Case Study of Rosengard Residential Area in Sweden

With urban development and social transformation, residential areas in some western countries have been faced with safety problems and community deterioration. In order to solve these problems through community planning, Crime Prevention through Environmental Design(CPTED) theory had been applied to practice. Rosengard residential area in Malmo, Sweden was a typical example of underclass community with physical and social problems. However, regeneration programme based on CPTED theory aimed to change the community from a problematical area to a safe and attractive neighborhood. Multidimensional analysis was carried out to illustrate the relationship between environmental improvement and security from community image, traffic system, territoriality and natural surveillance perspectives. This study could be considered as a referential approach for community construction and regeneration in China.

The Source of Groundwater Recharge Based on Entropy Theory in the Arid Areas of North China

Objective Any natural system is constantly exchanging material, energy and information with the environment, and all tkese processes follow the basic law of thermodynamics, with no exception of groundwater recharge and discharge process. On the basis of the principle of the first law of thermodynamics, the reverse geochemical simulation method is widely used in the study of groundwater recharge, runoff and drainage process. However, some studies only consider the material conservation in theprocess, but ignore the probability of the transformation.

Waterscapes in Tourist Area Based on “Game Theory”

Johan Huizinga’s Game Theory was applied to analyze game activities in tourism,it was found that visitors could experience the significance of games when they were participating in the games.On the basis of game theory,the author classified waterscape design models into play model,game model,and experience model,explored landscape design models based on water games,so as to provide a new concept for the design of waterscapes in tourist area.

Phase-Space Areas of the Body Motion in the Solar System Deduced from the Bohr-Sommerfeld Atomic Theory and Approximate Invariance of Their Ratios for the Pairs of Planets and Satellites

Energy-time and momentum-position phase spaces defined by the electron orbits in the hydrogen-like atom exhibit special properties of equivalence. It is demonstrated that equivalence of the same kind can be obtained for the phase-space areas defined by the orbit pairs of planets, or satellites, which compose the solar system. In the choice of the examined areas it is useful to be guided by the Bohr-Sommerfeld atomic theory.

Recommendations for Large-scale Farmland Operation in Hilly Areas Based on Long Tail Theory

At the background of urban and rural integration,this paper analyzed and discussed factors restricting large-scale farmland operation in China's hilly areas from the qualitative perspective. It recognized large-scale farmland operation on the basis of the long tail theory. Finally,it came up with recommendations for developing large-scale farmland operation in hilly areas.

基于推拉理论的苏北大学生返乡就业意愿影响因素分析

切实发挥好人才在乡村振兴战略实施中的作用,是我国全面推进中国式现代化新实践的应然选择,如何更好地引导农村大学生返乡就业、投身三农已成为社会各界广泛热议的话题。以苏北地区大学生为研究对象,运用推拉理论对其返乡就业意愿及影响因素进行问卷调研与实证分析。研究结果显示,苏北地区对于乡村振兴的宣传力度不够,学校职业规划教育不足,家庭支持力度不大,个人就业择业观念尚未转变。政府加大政策宣传力度,学校加强对毕业生就业观的教育引导,家庭理性看待大学生返乡就业,以及学生自身合理规划职业生涯是促进大学生返乡就业、增强返乡就业意识的有效路径。

新内生理论下县域乡村公共文化服务高质量发展研究

将外部支持与乡村内部自觉有机结合,采用内外共生、上下联动的新内生发展是现阶段推动中国乡村公共文化服务走向高质量发展的现实选择。在新内生理论下,乡村公共文化服务的高质量发展强调从整体发展视角,立足乡村资源和需求,通过乡村与外部的互动联结、资源整合、改革创新,实现公共文化服务的高质量发展。文章深度解构入选国家“基层公共文化服务高质量发展典型案例”的汉阴模式,认为乡村公共文化服务欲打破乡村文化自觉意识淡薄、整合性欠缺、创新动力不足的新内生困境,离不开以县政为主导的自上而下的整体谋划与统筹推进、乡村优秀传统文化的传承与发扬、乡村自治组织及其组织管理作用的有效发挥、以“文化+”为思路的资源整合逻辑及技术引领、规则协同下的多维创新。

基于“源-汇”理论的山区农村居民点“三生空间”优化研究——以井陉县为例

本研究根据农村居民点以及太行山区县域“三生空间”分布特征,基于“源-汇”理论和MCR模型,从生态源地扩张和生产源地扩张的角度,依据“三生”功能构建阻力面指标体系,计算最小累积阻力面差,实现县域“三生空间”的划分和农村居民点分类整治优化。结果表明:(1)基于“源-汇”理论的最小累积阻力模型在山区“三生空间”格局构建,农村居民点分类整治中具有相容性和可行性;(2)研究区以生态保护区和生态优化区为主,生态空间占比59.5%,以生态功能为主,农村居民点分布中生产功能占比62.7%,以生产功能导向为主,因此,乡村整治要根据农村居民所处的主导功能分类整治;(3)乡村整治应综合考虑农村居民点的生活、生产、生态功能特征,分类促进山区乡村振兴和生态文明建设。

基于“两山”理论的秦岭北麓乡村空间营建策略研究

空间营建是秦岭北麓乡村地区“两山”实践的重要保障.研究提出在乡村“资源-资产-资本”的转化过程中,应构建“两环节、三层次、多主体”的“两山”转化空间营建路径:以生态基础培育和多元增值开发为两大空间营建环节,构建“区域→单元→地块”三层次营建体系,建立多主体参与共赢的营建机制.研究以西安鄠邑区为例,梳理其在大都市圈发展背景下“两山”转化的乡村空间营建问题,提出“要素统筹、生境修复、产居转型、有序共建”四方面空间营建策略,形成地域适宜性的绿色共建模式,以期为地区乡村振兴和高质量建设提供借鉴.

综采工作面垮落带注浆充填开采覆岩采动裂隙定量表征试验研究

为定量表征冒落区注浆充填对覆岩采动损伤程度的影响,以任家庄煤矿110903工作面为研究背景,开展垮落法开采和垮落带充填法开采物理相似模拟实验,运用分形理论研究两者覆岩裂隙演化特征,并对其覆岩运移规律进行对比分析。研究结果表明,垮落法开采后采动裂隙分形维数变化规律为迅速上升-缓慢下降-缓慢上升-急剧上升,注浆充填开采后变化规律呈迅速上升-迅速下降-缓慢下降-缓慢上升;将采动裂隙发育网络划分为离层裂隙区、离层压实区、垮落裂隙区、竖向破断裂隙区四个区域,对比垮落法开采和垮落带充填法开采,充填后采场覆岩裂隙不发育,离层压实区范围较小,发育高度仅为21.96 m;注浆充填开采后各关键层下沉量显著减小,关键层2最大下沉量出现在顶板初次破断处,垮落法开采后关键层2最大下沉量出现在采空区中部。垮落带注浆充填开采能有效改善覆岩裂隙损伤、控制覆岩裂隙发育、减缓覆岩下沉,该成果可以为任家庄煤矿充填开采控制地表沉降提供一定的理论依据。

民族地区发展新质生产力的内在逻辑与实践路径

生产力理论的历史演进和人类社会的历史进程表明,科学技术是发展新质生产力的核心要素,马克思主义生产力理论的中国探索又说明新质生产力还包括“创造性转化和创新性发展”的文化要素以及“绿水青山就是金山银山”的自然生态要素,文化要素和自然生态要素也因科学技术的进步而与经济产生互动。民族地区出于应对外部挑战以及缩小发展差距,实现高质量发展和共同富裕的需要,发展新质生产力就是必然选择。民族地区应该依托制度优势、政策优势以及地缘优势,以科技力量推动劳动资料的应用发展,以有为政府促进劳动者的素质提升,以市场需求拓展劳动对象的广度深度,为民族地区发展新质生产力提供关键前提、根本保障和未来方向。

集群连接理论视角下历史街区保护更新策略探索——以广州市融德里为例

在急剧变化的城市环境中,历史街区易受影响成为片段孤立化区域并走向衰败,但其因蕴含重要价值与资源而需要得到有效保护。现有保护更新理论中缺乏引导历史街区自身聚合及与城市环境融合的整体性框架。将历史街区视为复合化集群,引入集群连接理论,通过辨析内部子集、延伸连接线索、拓展连接操作构建保护更新框架,并提出建立连接后失稳问题的发现与应对措施,共同形成保护更新策略。以广州市融德里历史街区保护更新项目为例,尝试将集群连接理论运用于设计与实施过程,为历史街区集群化整合提供案例支撑,以期为同类面临衰败境遇的历史街区提供保护更新方面的思考。

基于磁各向异性的管壁应力集中区域检测方法

针对应力集中导致管壁发生屈服失效的问题,提出了利用磁各向异性检测管壁应力集中区域的方法。从能量角度出发,研究了应力导致管壁产生磁各向异性的机理,建立了管壁当量应力与磁各向异性探头输出电压信号的数学模型,通过计算管壁的当量应力判断其是否发生屈服失效,搭建了应力检测实验平台。实验结果表明,应力会导致管壁产生磁各向异性,磁各向异性检测方法能够检测出管壁当量应力的变化趋势和主应力方向所在延长线的角度,进而判断管壁是否产生应力集中区域。

基于系统动力学的民族地区旅游业低碳化转型模式研究

民族地区旅游业的低碳转型对于破解欠发达地区能源环境约束下的旅游经济增长困局、实现节能减排与经济增长的“双赢”至关重要。通过构建民族地区旅游业低碳化转型系统动力学模型,论文绘制出需求、供给、支持、中介四大子系统耦合的因果关系图和存量流量图,并运用Vensim软件以典型民族地区广西三江侗族自治县为例进行实证分析,对未来不同发展模式下三江县旅游业低碳化转型系统进行仿真试验。结果显示:相较于自然转型模式和高速转型模式,三江县旅游业在适度转型模式下的综合效益更好,在实现旅游业低碳转型的同时提高了政府、居民收入和旅游需求,达到更优的旅游经济增长。据此得到政策启示:民族地区受限于资金不够充裕以及缺乏对外宣传渠道,更需合理调配有限资源;采取循序渐进的发展模式,平衡好低碳转型和财政负担,是民族地区低碳旅游产业可持续发展的更好选择。

场所精神理论下传统街区文化空间呈现与感知

随着城市的快速发展,传统街区面临着文化空间的传承问题。地方文脉的传承,与地区空间格局的演变、空间特性的延续、人们对区域氛围的感知变化等问题密切相关。选择场所精神理论作为切入点,以北京天桥地区为例,使用质性研究中扎根理论三级编码和地理空间展示与分析方法,从空间格局演变、场所精神分析、文化空间的呈现与场所精神的传承三个方面,对城市传统街区文化空间呈现与感知问题进行研究。结果显示:人们对天桥地区的整体认知体现在“古今具有高知名度的艺术表演区域”这一内涵上。人们通过观看展览演出等活动,体验区域的整体空间氛围,进而感受地方文化。这样的游览模式,适合此类新旧文化空间同时呈现的传统街区。

基于MSPA与电路理论的水网地区生态网络构建

快速城镇化背景下,城镇化扩张导致水网区域生境斑块日益破碎化和孤岛化,科学构建水网地区生态网络是有效连接生境斑块的重要手段,对保障区域生态系统连通性和稳定性具有关键意义。文中以苏州市吴江区为例,运用MSPA与景观连通性评价综合识别生态源地,基于MCR模型叠加多因子构建综合阻力面,利用电路理论提取生态廊道和节点,依据"生态源地识别—综合阻力面构建—生态廊道提取—生态节点选取"模式构建吴江区生态网络体系。结果表明:研究区内识别重要生态源地与一般生态源地共30个,总面积196.73 km^(2),景观构成要素以湖泊、湿地等用地类型为主;最优生态廊道42条,平均长度6.53 km,潜在生态廊道27条,平均长度4.28 km,但廊道空间分布不均匀,密度呈现由东北向西南逐渐降低的态势;通过保护与修复17处生态夹点和26处生态障碍点,有效提升区域景观连通性,增强生态网络稳定性。基于研究结果,提出加强生态源地保护、提高生态廊道连通性、优化与修复生态节点的生态网络优化策略,以期促进水网地区生态环境保护与生境质量提升。

基于扩展决策场的机场落客区车辆—旅客行为建模分析

近年来,随着航空旅客运输的发展,机场陆侧交通资源愈发紧张。机场落客区作为衔接机场航站楼内部与外部交通之间的交互面,行人和车辆交互冲突严重,落客区运行压力大。本文以某国内机场为研究对象,基于实地调查的视频数据,建立基于Logistic回归模型的车辆让行模型;发布调查问卷,从效率、安全和舒适这3种属性收集该机场落客区场景下旅客做出的选择,最终建立落客区环境下的人车冲突仿真模型,利用仿真模型探究落客区内人车冲突情景。仿真结果表明:在多幅路结构的落客区内,旅客乱穿马路的选择与交通密度和过街次数有关,交通密度越大,旅客需要过街的次数越多,旅客乱穿马路的频率越低,在中幅路落客的旅客最高违规过街率为6.8%,在外幅路落客的旅客最高违规过街率为2.1%;当人行道和入站口相互间距扩大1倍,外幅路落客的旅客平均违规过街率提升1.6%,中幅路落客的旅客平均违规过街率提升0.9%;此外,通过限制旅客乱穿马路,可以有效减少非高峰时期车辆让行次数,提升落客区车辆通行效率。

当代江南私家园林中传统山水营造的传承与发展

【目的】当代江南地区的私家园林正在持续繁荣发展之中,因它对营造传统的继承与发展最为紧密地结合着生活现实而具有认知价值,需要探究其兴造状况、面貌特点、方法取向等方面的问题,改变相关学术研究还较为缺乏的局面。【方法】结合文献、考察、访谈等多方面资料,从理论、现状、营造3个层面对当代江南私家园林中传统山水营造的传承与发展进行初步探讨。【结果】基本理论层面,私家园林的概念范围应包含更大量的民间自发造园,形态以相对小型的庭园为多,核心特征是以叠山理石为显著标志的山水营造;兴造现状层面,当代江南私家园林自改革开放以后复苏,近年趋向全面兴盛,山水营造也是其中显著特征;具体营造层面,既有对叠山理石传统的丰富传承,也有新思路的引入而使传统得到创新发展。【结论】对当代江南私家园林中传统山水营造的传承与发展的认识,不仅可加深对现实的理解,也可为更大范围的当代风景园林实践提供极具活力的源泉。