Hopf Amplification Originated from the Force-Gating Channels of Auditory Hair Cells

The sense of mammalian hearing exhibits nonlinear phenomena which are most significant to hearing function, such as nonlinear dynamic compression, nonlinear tuning and combination tones. These nonlinear phenomena are suggested to originate from the Hopf amplification within the cochlea, while the mechanism underlying the Hopf amplification remains elusive. According to the experimental results of force-gating channel operation in hair cells, through a theoretic model, this work reveals a velocity-dependent open probability of force-gating channels in auditory hair cells, and a velocity-dependent active force produced by the force-gating channel operating, which makes sensors hear typical Hopf vibrators with nonlinear hearing phenomena.

Preliminary study of retroviral mediated transfer of multidrug resistance gene into CD34^+ cells originated from human bone marrow

To elucidate the feasibility of retroviral mediatedtransfer of multidrug resistance gene (mdrl) intohematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, the CD34^+ cellswere isolated from bone marrow by using a high-gradient.magnetic cell sorting system, and the efficiency ofretroviral mediated gene transfer was studied.

Music as a Medium Bikutsi is a musical genre with an ancient tradition that originated in the culture of the Beti, the people of the equatorial forest of Cameroon

Bikutsi is an ethnic dance practiced by the Bed people who live mainly in Cameroon's Central Region.In Ewondo,the local language spoken in Yaounde,the capital of Cameroon,the rhythm is pronounced MBiakut si,"meaning Hwe hit the ground,"usually danced by making undulations of the upper and lower limbs of the body to a tempo amplified by synchronized instruments,resulting in a frenetic and very lively rhythm.

Interpretation of the Standards of Basic Dataset of Chronic Diseases Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance in Adults

BACKGROUND China’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System(BRFSS)originated from the World Bankfunded HealthⅦLoan Project in the 1990s,which conducted behavioral risk factor surveillance in seven cities and one province^([1]).Drawing on the World Health Organization’s(WHO)STEPwise approach to surveillance(STEPs)and the U.S.Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System(BRFSS)^([2,3]).

变形监测灰色预测模型对比及替代方法研究

将变形监测灰色预测模型分为传统GM(1,1)模型及其改进模型、非齐次灰色模型、GM(1,1)幂模型及其改进模型3种类型,以Origin拟合函数Exp2PModl、Exponential和SRichards2作为3类灰色预测模型的替代方法,基于理论研究和实例验证对比分析3类灰色预测模型及其替代方法。结果表明,3类灰色预测模型在拟合函数、有无极限值、适合等时距或非等时距建模和适用范围等方面存在显著差异,需要根据变形监测数据特征选择合适的灰色预测模型类别;与3类灰色预测模型相比,Origin拟合函数在参数求解和建模数据要求上更具优势,而且可以得到相当甚至更高的拟合或预测精度,除需要编程实现的特殊优化目标外,完全可以代替灰色预测模型用于变形监测。

基于ADAMS的烟叶运输车自主校正机构仿真与试验

丘陵山区烟田地形复杂,烟叶运输车在垄沟行驶时方向易发生偏离。针对福建丘陵烟区地形,通过对设计的烟叶运输车自主校正机构进行力学分析,并结合ADAMS仿真对比有自主校正机构与无自主校正机构两种情况下烟叶运输车在垄沟行驶的偏离程度,仿真结果表明:有自主校正机构的烟叶运输车比无自主校正机构烟叶运输车偏离程度小了10%。最后通过田间试验进一步验证了该机构发挥了自主校正的作用。该研究对丘陵烟田烟叶运输机械的研发具有一定的借鉴参考作用。

Pingyao Hand-Polished Lacquerware

PINGYAO hand-polished lacquerware has been widely considered as one of the four most famed lacquerware types in China.It originated more than 2,000 years ago in what is called Pingyao County today,in Jinzhong City,central China’s Shanxi Province.Its fame is due to the exquisite and unique skill of polishing lacquered coating with bare hands during the manufacturing process.This quaint and durable lacquerware boasts both aesthetic and practical values,and is characterized by its distinguished appearance and glossy sheen.It comes in the forms of jewelry boxes,utensils and stationery,screens and furniture.

利用光电效应实验仪测量液体折射率、电导率

以简化实验步骤作为出发点,利用光电效应实验仪测量液体折射率、电导率。结合液体不同物理性质之间的关系,测量同种液体不同浓度时光电流的大小。借助Origin软件拟合光电流与液体折射率、电导率的定标曲线方程。将所测的光电流的大小代入即可计算出液体折射率与电导率。

基于“互联网+”职业教育学生学习行为的探讨

本文以柳州城市职业学院汽车检测与维修专业学生为研究对象,通过“互联网+”环境下的在线学习数据,采用Excel和Origin软件进行数理统计分析,以探讨学生的学习行为如何影响学习效果。研究结果表明:学生在学期开始阶段的学习投入程度较高,学习效果相对较高好;但在后续阶段则更多关注完成课后作业,而对学习的深层意义和持续投入有所忽视,并没有达到预期学习效果。根据数理统计分析得到的研究结果,并剖析问题结论,本文提出了改进在线课程设计、优化考核方式、加强在线学习监督与引导以及提供丰富的学习资源等教学改进建议。

多函数模型拟合表面张力与浓度曲线的比较

为了更深入地研究表面张力的经典实验,利用Origin软件,采用多种函数模型对表面张力与浓度曲线分别进行拟合,并对每种函数拟合的优缺点加以讨论。其中对数函数拟合数学准确性较高,同时兼具物理意义,更贴切实况。明确了表面张力与浓度拟合的经典实验中以对数函数模型最为适宜。

Origin软件在“微生物学”实验教学中的应用——以细菌生长曲线的测定实验为例

针对高校本科“微生物学”实验教学中遇到的数据处理问题,以细菌生长曲线测定的实验为例,使用Origin 2022软件进行数据导入、数据计算、图形绘制及插入误差棒等操作,完成细菌生长曲线的绘制。结果表明,利用Origin软件可以快速对实验数据进行批量处理,操作简捷并可避免人工计算的误差,对实验得到的非线性数据通过软件可以拟合出美观的图形,将实验结果可视化。在教学中通过引入Origin软件,可以在讲授具体微生物知识的同时,让本科生掌握一款专业的数据分析处理软件,有助于培养本科生的数据处理能力,提高综合科研素养,为后续实验课程和科研工作的数据处理工作打好基础。

An acupoint-originated human interstitial fluid circulatory network

To the Editor:Since 1027,when the Tian Sheng Bronze Statue showing acupoints and meridians was first introduced for medical practitioners,it has evolved to the currently used acupoints and meridians atlas in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).[1]To date,the acupoints represent defined areas on the body surface relative to certain landmarks.The acupoints in the extremity endings would connect anatomically with diverse associated visceral organs or tissues,forming a Meridian and Collateral network.Illustrated on the atlas,each main meridian is usually a virtual line connecting a group of adjacent acupoints that correlate with certain visceral organ.In modern medical science,the anatomical structures of main meridians remain largely unclarified.

Identification of S-RNase genotype and analysis of its origin and evolutionary patterns in Malus plants

Identification of the S genotype of Malus plants will greatly promote the discovery of new genes,the cultivation and production of apple,the breeding of new varieties,and the origin and evolution of self-incompatibility in Malus plants.In this experiment,88 Malus germplasm resources,such as Aihuahong,Xishuhaitang,and Reguanzi,were used as materials.Seven gene-specific primer combinations were used in the genotype identification.PCR amplification using leaf DNA produced a single S-RNase gene fragment in all materials.The results revealed that 70 of the identified materials obtained a complete S-RNase genotype,while only one S-RNase gene was found in 18 of them.Through homology comparison and analysis,13 S-RNase genotypes were obtained:S_(1)S_(2)(Aihuahong,etc.),S_(1)S_(28)(Xixian Haitang,etc.),S_(1)S_(51)(Hebei Pingdinghaitang),S_(1)S_(3)(Xiangyangcun Daguo,etc.),S_(2)S_(3)(Zhaiyehaitang,etc.),S_(3)S_(51)(Xishan 1),S_(3)S_(28)(Huangselihaerde,etc.),S_(2)S_(28)(Honghaitang,etc.),S_(4)S_(28)(Bo 11),S_(7)S_(28)(Jiuquan Shaguo),S_(10)S_e(Dongchengguan 13),S_(10)S_(21)(Dongxiangjiao)and S_(3)S_(51)(Xiongyue Haitang).Simultaneously,the frequency of the S gene in the tested materials was analyzed.The findings revealed that different S genes had varying frequencies in Malus resources,as well as varying frequencies between intraspecific and interspecific.S_(3) had the highest frequency of 68.18%,followed by S_(1)(42.04%).In addition,the phylogenetic tree and origin evolution analysis revealed that the S gene differentiation was completed prior to the formation of various apple species,that cultivated species also evolved new S genes,and that the S_(50) gene is the oldest S allele in Malus plants.The S_(1),S_(29),and S_(33) genes in apple-cultivated species,on the other hand,may have originated in M.sieversii,M.hupehensis,and M.kansuensis,respectively.In addition to M.sieversii,M.kansuensis and M.sikkimensis may have also played a role in the origin and evolution of some Chinese apples.

Distribution and geochemical significance of alkylbenzenes for crude oil with different depositional environments and thermal maturities

A total of 45 alkylbenzenes were detected and identified in crude oils with different depositional environments and thermal maturities from the Tarim Basin,Beibuwan Basin,and Songliao Basin using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry(GC×GCTOFMS).By analyzing the distribution characteristics of C0-C5alkylbenzenes,it is found that the content of some alkylbenzenes varies greatly in crude oils.Based on the distribution characteristics of 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene(Te MB)and 1,2,3,4-Te MB,the ratio of 1,2,4,5-Te MB to 1,2,3,4-Te MB is proposed to indicate the organic matter origin and depositional environment of ancient sediments.Oil samples originated mainly from lower hydrobiont,algae,bacteria and source rocks deposited under reducing/anoxic conditions have low 1,2,4,5-/1,2,3,4-Te MB values(less than 0.6),while oil samples originated mainly from terrestrial higher plants and source rocks deposited under oxic/sub-oxic conditions have higher 1,2,4,5-/1,2,3,4-Te MB values(greater than 1.0).The significant difference of 1,2,4,5-/1,2,3,4-Te MB values is controlled by 1,2,4,5-Te MB content.1,2,4,5-Te MB content in oils derived from source rocks deposited in oxidized sedimentary environment(greater than 1.0 mg/g whole oil)is higher than that in oils from source rocks deposited in reduced sedimentary environment(less than 1.0 mg/g whole oil).1,2,4,5-/1,2,3,4-Te MB ratio might not or slightly be affected by evaporative fractionation,biodegradation and thermal maturity.1,2,4,5-/1,2,3,4-Te MB ratio and 1,2,4,5-Te MB content can be used as supplementary parameter for the identification of sedimentary environment and organic matter input.It should be noted that compared to the identification of organic matter sources,the 1,2,4,5-/1,2,3,4-Te MB parameter is more effective in identifying sedimentary environments.

Geochemistry and origins of hydrogen-containing natural gases in deep Songliao Basin,China:Insights from continental scientific drilling

The different reservoirs in deep Songliao Basin have non-homogeneous lithologies and include multiple layers with a high content of hydrogen gas.The gas composition and stable isotope characteristics vary significantly,but the origin analysis of different gas types has previously been weak.Based on the geochemical parameters of gas samples from different depths and the analysis of geological settings,this research covers the diverse origins of natural gas in different strata.The gas components are mainly methane with a small amount of C_(2+),and non-hydrocarbon gases,including nitrogen(N_(2)),hydrogen(H_(2)),carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),and helium(He).At greater depth,the carbon isotope of methane becomes heavier,and the hydrogen isotope points to a lacustrine sedimentary environment.With increasing depth,the origins of N_(2)and CO_(2)change gradually from a mixture of organic and inorganic to inorganic.The origins of hydrogen gas are complex and include organic sources,water radiolysis,water-rock(Fe^(2+)-containing minerals)reactions,and mantle-derived.The shales of Denglouku and Shahezi Formations,as source rocks,provide the premise for generation and occurrence of organic gas.Furthermore,the deep faults and fluid activities in Basement Formation control the generation and migration of mantle-derived gas.The discovery of a high content of H_(2)in study area not only reveals the organic and inorganic association of natural-gas generation,but also provides a scientific basis for the exploration of deep hydrogen-rich gas.

Geographical origin identification of winter jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Dongzao')by using multi-element fingerprinting with chemometrics

Winter jujube(Ziziphus jujuba'Dongzao')is greatly appreciated by consumers for its excellent quality,but brand infringement frequently occurs in the market.Here,we first determined a total of 38 elements in 167 winter jujube samples from the main winter jujube producing areas of China by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer(ICP-MS).As a result,16 elements(Mg,K,Mn,Cu,Zn,Mo,Ba,Be,As,Se,Cd,Sb,Ce,Er,Tl,and Pb)exhibited significant differences in samples from different producing areas.Supervised linear discriminant analysis(LDA)and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)showed better performance in identifying the origin of samples than unsupervised principal component analysis(PCA).LDA and OPLS-DA had a mean identification accuracy of 87.84 and 94.64%in the testing set,respectively.By using the multilayer perceptron(MLP)and C5.0,the prediction accuracy of the models could reach 96.36 and 91.06%,respectively.Based on the above four chemometric methods,Cd,Tl,Mo and Se were selected as the main variables and principal markers for the origin identification of winter jujube.Overall,this study demonstrates that it is practical and precise to identify the origin of winter jujube through multi-element fingerprint analysis with chemometrics,and may also provide reference for establishing the origin traceability system of other fruits.

Origin of the Dashuigou independent tellurium deposit at Qinghai–Xizang Plateau: constraints from the light stable isotopes C, O, and H

By studying the light isotopic compositions of carbon,oxygen,and hydrogen,combined with previous research results on the ore-forming source of the deposit,the authors try to uncover its metallogenic origin.The δ^(18)O and δ^(13)C isotope signatures of dolomite samples vary between 10.2 and 13.0‰,and between−7.2 and−5.2‰,respectively,implying that the carbon derives from the upper mantle.δD and δ^(18) O of quartz,biotite,and muscovite from diff erent ore veins of the deposit vary between−82 and−59‰,and between 11.6 and 12.4‰,respectively,implying that the metallogenic solutions are mainly magmatic.According to the relevant research results of many isotope geologists,the fractionation degree of hydrogen isotopes increases as the depth to the Earth’s core increases,and the more diff erentiated the hydrogen isotopes are,the lower their values will be.In other words,mantle-derived solutions can have extremely low hydrogen isotope values.This means that the δD‰ value−134 of the pyrrhotite sample numbered SD-34 in this article may indicate mantle-derived oreforming fl uid of the deposit.The formation of the Dashuigou tellurium deposit occurred between 91.71 and 80.19 Ma.

Modifications in aroma characteristics of'Merlot'dry red wines aged in American,French and Slovakian oak barrels with different toasting degrees

Aging in oak barrels is widely used in enology which could bring flavor changes and aromatic complexity to wines.In the present study,the aroma compounds were analyzed from the‘Merlot’dry red wines,which were fermented in two types of fermenters(stainless steel tank and rotated oak barrel)and aged in six types of oak barrels(three geographic origins×two toasting degrees)for different time(0,3,6 and 9 months,respectively).Results showed that 30 volatiles were associated with barrels and increased during oak aging.The fermenters could influence the intensities of the toast,leathery,smoky,fruity,floral and caramel aromas.The concentration of whisky lactone,eugenol,cis-isoeugenol,and the intensities of the toast and spicy aromas were highest in the wines aged in American oak and were lowest in the wines aged in French oak barrels.The concentrations of guaiacol,syringol,trans-isoeugenol,furfural alcohol,vanilla,cis-whisky lactone enabled the medium toasting barrels to be distinguished from the light toasting ones.The compounds originating from the barrels could be used to distinguish the types of different barrels,but the other general grape-derived and fermentation-derived volatiles could not.The fermenters,oak species and toasting degrees of the barrels all had significant effects on the aroma profiles of the aged‘Merlot’dry red wines,but the influence of the geographic origin was not obvious.

Genetic analyses of ancient tea trees provide insights into the breeding history and dissemination of Chinese Assam tea(Camellia sinensis var.assamica)

Chinese Assam tea(Camellia sinensis var.assamica)is an important tea crop with a long history of cultivation in Yunnan,China.Despite its potential value as a genetic resource,its genetic diversity and domestication/breeding history remain unclear.To address this issue,we genotyped 469 ancient tea plant trees representing 26 C.sinensis var.assamica populations,plus two of its wild relatives(six and three populations of C.taliensis and C.crassicolumna,respectively)using 16 nuclear microsatellite loci.Results showed that Chinese Assam tea has a relatively high,but comparatively lower gene diversity(H_(S)=0.638)than the wild relative C.crassicolumna(H_S=0.658).Clustering in STRUCTURE indicated that Chinese Assam tea and its two wild relatives formed distinct genetic groups,with considerable interspecific introgression.The Chinese Assam tea accessions clustered into three gene pools,corresponding well with their geographic distribution.However,New Hybrids analysis indicated that 68.48%of ancient Chinese Assam tea plants from Xishuangbanna were genetic intermediates between the Puer and Lincang gene pools.In addition,10%of the ancient Chinese Assam tea individuals were found to be hybrids between Chinese Assam tea and C.taliensis.Our results suggest that Chinese Assam tea was domesticated separately in three gene pools(Puer,Lincang and Xishuangbanna)in the Mekong River valley and that the hybrids were subsequently selected during the domestication process.Although the domestication history of Chinese Assam tea in southwestern Yunnan remains complex,our results will help to identify valuable genetic resources that may be useful in future tea breeding programs.

Management of retroperitoneal high-grade serous carcinoma of unknown origin:A case report

BACKGROUND Retroperitoneal high-grade serous carcinoma(HGSC)of unknown origin is a sporadic tumor that can originate from ovarian cancer.Herein,we report the case of a woman with retroperitoneal HGSC of unknown origin and describe how she was diagnosed and treated.CASE SUMMARY A 71-year-old female presented with the tumor marker CA125 elevated to 1041.9 U/mL upon a regular health examination.Computed tomography revealed retroperitoneal lymph node enlargement.Subsequently,positron emission tomography scanning revealed lesions with increased F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake at the nodes.As a result,she underwent laparoscopic lymph node resection,and pathology revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma with CK7(+),PAX8(+),WT1(+),PR(-),and p53 mutational loss of expression,indicating that the origin may be from the adnexa.The patient was admitted to our ward and underwent laparoscopic staging;however,the pathological results were negative.Under the suspicion of retroperitoneal HGSC of unknown origin,chemotherapy and targeted therapy were initiated.Tumor marker levels decreased after treatment.CONCLUSION We present a case of HGSC of unknown origin managed using retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy,staging surgery,chemotherapy,and targeted therapy.