Variety Selection and Green Cultivation Technology of Courtyard Ornamental and Edible Peppers

In order to comply with the development trend of the multifunctional use of peppers,we conducted an investigation into the characteristics and features of varieties,potting management techniques,and the methods of extending the fruit ornamental period and other aspects of courtyard ornamental and edible peppers.A set of cultivation techniques suitable for courtyard ornamental and edible peppers has been developed,including timely sowing and seedling,nutrient soil preparation,water and fertilizer management,trimming and pruning,preservation of flowers and fruits,green prevention and control of diseases and pests,harvesting,and so on.

The Language of Ornaments:An Anthropological Insight Into the Ethnic Ornaments of the Karbis of Assam,India

North Eastern region of India enjoys a place of pride in the whole of the country for its immensely rich assembly of tribal cultures.Among the prominent tribes of the region are the Karbis who possess unique traditions and cultures distinct from the other tribes.The Karbis are fond of ornaments and since the ancient day they have been using natural objects as ornaments,silver ornaments are used extensively by them.Preparation of different kinds of ornaments occupies an important part of material culture of the Karbis.Ornaments with distinctive colour,motifs,and designs not only reflect the cultural identity of the Karbis but are also indicative of the possession of rich cultural heritage and traditional knowledge.In this present endeavour,an attempt has been made to delineate the ethnic ornaments of the Karbis of Assam,India,along with the motifs of the designs in it which stands as one of the integral aspects of their cultural heritage.

Physiological and transcriptome analyses provide new insights into the mechanism mediating the enhanced tolerance of melatonin-treated rhododendron plants to heat stress

Rhododendron is a well-known genus consisting of commercially valuable ornamental woody plant species.Heat stress is a major environmental factor that affects rhododendron growth.Melatonin was recently reported to alleviate the effects of abiotic stress on plants.However,the role of melatonin in rhododendron plants is unknown.In this study,the effect of melatonin on rhododendron plants exposed to heat stress and the potential underlying mechanism were investigated.Analyses of morphological characteristics and chlorophyll a fluorescence indicated 200μmol L–1 was the optimal melatonin concentration for protecting rhododendron plants from heat stress.To elucidate how melatonin limits the adverse effects of high temperatures,melatonin contents,photosynthetic indices,Rubisco activity,and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)contents were analyzed at 25,35,and 40℃,respectively.Compared with the control,exogenous application of melatonin improved the melatonin contents,electron transport rate,photosystem II and I activities,Rubisco activity,and ATP contents under heat stress.The transcriptome analysis revealed many of the heat-induced differentially expressed genes were associated with the photosynthetic pathway;the expression of most of these genes was down-regulated by heat stress more in the melatonin-free plants than in the melatonin-treated plants.We identified Rh PGR5A,Rh ATPB,Rh LHCB3,and Rh Rbs A as key genes.Thus,we speculate that melatonin promotes photosynthetic electron transport,improves Calvin cycle enzyme activities,and increases ATP production.These changes lead to increased photosynthetic efficiency and CO_(2) assimilation under heat stress conditions via the regulated expression of specific genes,including Rh Rbs A.Therefore,the application of exogenous melatonin may increase the tolerance of rhododendron to heat stress.

Bare-throated spurfowl(Pternistis spp.)males across Africa impress females with bright throat colours during courtship

The role of bare body parts in sexual signalling in birds has received relatively little attention.I describe how the bare-throated spurfowl males saturate the colours of their throats to attract females.Of the 23 Afrotropical spurfowl species,the bare-throated subgroup includes Yellow-necked Spurfowl(Pternistis leucosceptus),Rednecked Spurfowl(P.afer),Grey-breasted Spurfowl(P.rufopictus) and Swainson’s Spurfowl(P.swainsonii).The rest of the species include fully feathered throated spurfowls.Throat colour intensity of bare throats was scored using an extensive online digital photographic archive encompassing the four species across the year’s seasons.Each throat(n=836) was assigned to one of four colour-intensity categories to explore the relationship between colour intensities,breeding cycles,and environmental variation.Except for Swainson’s Spurfowl male saturation of throat colours correlated with monthly rainfall,which peaks one or two months before egg laying.Swainson’s Spurfowl peaks during egg laying.Yellow-necked Spurfowl has the largest bare throat.Bare-throated spurfowl males perform an elevated courtship display posture above the female to feature their throat colour.No such displays occur in feather-throated spurfowl.Males with low throat colour saturation harbour more ectoparasites on their bare throats than birds with saturated throats.Male Red-necked Spurfowls have significantly larger bare throats than females.The primary function of bare throats probably assists in thermoregulation,particularly in arid regions.The bare throat may have evolved a secondary role in mating.Yellow-necked,Red-necked,and Greybreasted Spurfowls use their saturated throat colours as ornaments to court females during the breeding season.Unobtrusive female throat colours(unsaturated) may discourage male interlopers and predation during egg laying.Saturation appears to be carotenoid-food based.The different colours among the bare-throated species may serve as prezygotic mechanisms that inhibit cross-breeding and explain why females also have coloured throats.

High-throughput discovery of plastid genes causing albino phenotypes in ornamental chimeric plants

Chimeric plants composed of green and albino tissues have great ornamental value.To unveil the functional genes responsible for albino phenotypes in chimeric plants,we inspected the complete plastid genomes(plastomes)in green and albino leaf tissues from 23 ornamental chimeric plants belonging to 20 species,including monocots,dicots,and gymnosperms.In nine chimeric plants,plastomes were identical between green and albino tissues.Meanwhile,another 14 chimeric plants were heteroplasmic,showing a mutation between green and albino tissues.We identified 14 different point mutations in eight functional plastid genes related to plastid-encoded RNA polymerase(rpo)or photosystems which caused albinism in the chimeric plants.Among them,12 were deleterious mutations in the target genes,in which early termination appeared due to small deletion-mediated frameshift or single nucleotide substitution.Another was single nucleotide substitution in an intron of the ycf3 and the other was a missense mutation in coding region of the rpoC2 gene.We inspected chlorophyll structure,protein functional model of the rpoC2,and expression levels of the related genes in green and albino tissues of Reynoutria japonica.A single amino acid change,histidine-to-proline substitution,in the rpoC2 protein may destabilize the peripheral helix of plastid-encoded RNA polymerase,impairing the biosynthesis of the photosynthesis system in the albino tissue of R.japonica chimera plant.

Designing of future ornamental crops: a biotechnological driven perspective

With a basis in human appreciation of beauty and aesthetic values,the new era of ornamental crops is based on implementing innovative technologies and transforming symbols into tangible assets.Recent advances in plant biotechnology have attracted considerable scientific and industrial interest,particularly in terms ofmodifying desired plant traits and developing future ornamental crops.By utilizing omics approaches,genomic data,genetic engineering,and gene editing tools,scientists have successively explored the underlying molecular mechanism and potential gene(s)behind trait regulation such as floral induction,plant architecture,stress resistance,plasticity,adaptation,and phytoremediation in ornamental crop species.These signs of progress lay a theoretical and practical foundation for designing and enhancing the efficiency of ornamental plants for a wide range of applications.In this review,we briefly summarized the existing literature and advances in biotechnological approaches for the improvement of vital traits in ornamental plants.The future ornamental plants,such as light-emitting plants,biotic/abiotic stress detectors,and pollution abatement,and the introduction of new ornamental varieties via domestication of wild species are also discussed.

Micropropagation of Daylily(Hemerocallis fulva)from Crown-Tip Explants and Assessment of Somaclonal Variation of in Vitro-Propagated Plants Using SCoT Markers

Determination of the somaclonal variation of in vitro-propagated plants is crucial to determine the appropriate micropropagation protocol and growth regulators for commercial scale multiplication.In this research,nine multiplication media(MM)augmented with different concentrations of 6-benzyl adenine(BA),Kinetin(Kin),and Thidiazuron(TDZ),Three rooting media(RM)supplemented with three levels ofα-naphthalene acetic acid(NAA)and three types of soil mixtures(v/v);Coco peat/Vermiculite/Sand(CVS),Peat moss/Perlite/Sand(PPS)and Peat moss/Perlite(PP)were used in the micropropagation protocol of daylily plants.MM2 showed the maximum shoot length and the number of leaves,while MM9 showed the maximum number of shoots.The RM1 showed the maximum root length and the number of roots.During acclimatization,CVS,PPS,and PP soil mixture showed similar performance except the CVS mixture showed lower performance regarding plant height and diameter.The genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants was evaluated using Start Codon Targeted(SCoT)Markers.Six SCoT primers amplified 51 scorable bands with an approximate range from 146 bp to 1598 bp size.Thirty one out of 51 loci were presented in the mother plants.40 loci were polymorphic,11 were monomorphic and 7 were unique.The amplification patterns of the micropropagated plants demonstrated genetic integrity to the mother plant ranging from 84.32 to 47.06 and somaclonal variations ranging from 52.94 with 5 mg/l BA pathway to 15.68 with 1mg/l TDZ pathway,thus demonstrating that the homogeneity and the variation of the micropropagated plants affected by the type and the quantity of the plant growth regulator used during multiplication subcultures.This research can be successfully used for other ornamental and medicinal plants’bulk multiplication,germplasm conservation,and future genetic improvement.

Status Quo and Application of North American Wisteria in Shijiazhuang

The introduction and planting of three cultivars of North American wisteria in Shijiazhuang were observed.By comparing the inflorescences of Chinese wisteria,Japanese wisteria and North American wisteria,it is concluded that North American wisteria has compact inflorescence,rich color and late flowering period,and can prolong the ornamental time of wisteria when collocating with Chinese wisteria and Japanese wisteria in landscape application.The application of North American wisteria in Chinese gardens can not only enrich the species diversity of the region,but also have positive significance for improving the landscape effect of the whole city.

Application of Shrub Landscape on Campus from the Perspective of Ornamental Characteristics of Plants

In the campus greening design,the shrub height is generally consistent with people’s horizontal line of sight,which plays a significant role in people’s visual focus.From the perspective of ornamental characteristics of plants,the application of shrub landscape is explored in a campus environment.Based on the analysis of the selection,arrangement and maintenance of shrub plants in campus gardens,the application of shrub landscape on campus was evaluated comprehensively from the theoretical analysis of plant ornamental characteristics and campus shrub landscape.Based on the research background of the problems existing in the application of shrub landscape on campus,this paper first collected and sorted out the relevant theories extensively,and then conducted in-depth research on the relevant theories by using analysis methods such as literature data,field investigation and questionnaire survey.The results will provide a theoretical guidance and practical advocacy for campus garden planning and design,and help to create a livable and comfortable campus environment.It is hoped that the results will have some references for future campus shrub landscape and play a certain promoting role.

Book Review of A Rainbow in the Mountains:Dress of the Yao—A Guide to Traditional Yao Costumes and Ornaments

A Rainbow in the Mountains:Dress of the Yao,an album of pictures and texts on Yao clothing,the most comprehensive and systematic record of the dazzling costumes of the Yao ethnic minority which has been inscribed on the national intangible cultural heritage list of China since 2006,is of great academic value and practical significance to study the profound connotation of the Yao traditional culture.The various styles,colorful dress customs,and exquisite craftsmanship constitute the beautiful cultural landscape within the Yao ethnic minority,as well as the way to explore all the social aspects of the Yao ethnic minority.This book review aims to arouse the attention of all sectors of the community to the clothing of the Yao ethnic minority,which has met the greatest challenge of the collection and protection of the Yao costumes and ornaments.Thus it is expected to sort out and retain those precious records that have been drifting away via pictures and texts,which we have already started and will continue to do in accord with the national cultural development strategy.

昆明地区主要观赏草资源及其观赏价值评价

1材料与方法1.1材料来源笔者在对云南省植物资源调查过程中发现,野生观赏草约有10科77属162种,重点对昆明地区野生观赏草进行了调查,参照相关资料进行了总结,得到的主要观赏草科属分类及观赏特性见表1(表见第57页Table1)。其中,多数为野生观赏草,包含部分已栽培种,如芦竹、虉草、滇蔗茅、菰、鸢尾等。1.2评价方法及标准采用灰色关联度分析法。

花楸树——城市绿化的新贵

花楸树为蔷薇科苹果亚科花楸属植物,落叶乔木或灌木,高达8m。具有很高的园林观赏价值。花楸树引种驯化成功并应用于城市园林绿化,将为北方城市增添一道亮丽的风景线,对丰富城市绿化树种特别是首都北京的绿化建设具有重要意义。

贵州省野生观赏蕨类植物资源及其开发利用

1自然概况贵州省位于中国西南地区的云贵高原东部,地处103°36′～109°35′E、24°37′～29°13′N,东接湖南,南邻广西,西毗云南,北连四川和重庆。总面积17.6万km2。贵州地貌属中国西部高原山地,境内地势西高东低,自中部向北、东、南3面倾斜,岩溶地貌发育非常典型,平均海拔约1100m。贵州省气候属亚热带湿润季风气候。

道路景观植物滞尘量研究

道路景观植物作为消除大气颗粒污染物的重要方法正受到越来越广泛的重视。本文选用绵阳市道路景观植物中具有代表性的小叶榕、月季和女贞对影响植物滞尘量的因素进行研究。结果表明:小叶榕树种的滞尘量极显著地高于月季和女贞(P<0.01);小叶榕与月季混种的滞尘量显著地高于小叶榕单独种植(P<0.05);景观植物与机动车道适当的距离和栽种密度对小叶榕的滞尘和滤尘作用有一定的影响。

海南野生观赏植物资源及其在园林中的应用

1海南适宜在园林中应用的野生观赏植物资源在海南岛分布的高等植物中,乔、灌木共有1400多种,占全国乔、灌木种类的28.6%。海南当地特有的乡土植物有630多种,其中45种乔木为珍稀树种。1.1野生乔木野生乔木树种中多数都有较高的观赏价值,如海南红豆、海南黄檀、红花天料木、海南木莲、蝴蝶树、幌伞枫、海南罗汉松、观光木、海红豆、南洋楹、海南暗罗等,均可用于城镇园林绿化。海南适宜在园林中栽培应用的野生观赏乔木还有坡垒、青梅、海南木莲、红花天料木、鸡毛松、黄桐、鸡尖、槟榔青。

重庆观赏竹类资源及在城市林地中的应用

用于重庆市城市绿化的竹类有9属32种,可开发利用的乡土竹类资源有7属16种;同时论述了观赏竹类在重庆城市林地建设中的应用。

观赏草在现代园林中的应用

1观赏草的概述观赏草是有着美丽形态、丰富色彩和飘逸姿态的草本植物,其茎秆、叶丛和花序为主要观赏部位的禾本科中一些具有观赏价值的植物。此外,经过园林工作者的选育,莎草科、灯心草科、帚灯草科、香蒲科、木贼科、花蔺科和天南星科菖蒲属一些具有观赏价值的植物也陆续加入观赏草的行列,被称为类观赏草。观赏草具须根,茎干姿态优美,单株分蘖密集,为丛状。叶多呈线形或线状披针形,具平行脉,叶色丰富,除了常见的绿色外,还有醒目的翠蓝色、白色、金色、红色,有些种类还间有黄色或乳白色、红色条纹。其花小,花序形态各异。

观赏芳香植物在园林绿化中的应用

1芳香植物在园林绿化中的作用1.1医疗保健将芳香植物应用于生态园林设计中,建造生态保健绿地。芳香植物散发的芳香素可调节人的心理、生理机能,改变人的精神状态,并有杀菌驱虫、净化空气、增强人的免疫力、消除疲劳、增强记忆力等功效。1.2净化空气芳香植物挥发出香气中的苯甲醇、芳樟醇。

新疆奎屯市秋冬观赏园林植物调查与分析(英文)

Through field investigation on autumn and winter ornamental landscape plants in representative main roads, residential areas and parks of Kuitun City and based on relevant materials, the disposition and landscaping of these plants were analyzed from the perspectives of plant species, ornamental characteristics and landscape creation. The result showed that autumn and winter landscape plants in Kuitun City were primarily evergreen coniferous and deciduous trees outstanding for their shapes and colors, and that landscape was created through different types of plant disposition. Especially colors of trunks, barks, leaves, winter buds and fruits' colors provided favorable conditions for appreciating plants in autumn and winter. Finally, suggestions were proposed according to the investigation and analysis of autumn and winter ornamental plants in Kuitun City, so as to provide reference for future construction and development of landscape plants.

景区道路景观的主题化设计探讨——以应城市“五龙寺文化园”为例(英文)

The combination of ornamental function and recreational function should be taken into account in road landscape design of scenic area.The theme characteristic should be highlighted by designing techniques.Roads in scenic area should be used to lead tourists' behavior according to people's behavioral psychology.With Five Dragon Temple Cultural Park as case study,starting from its geographic location and establishment concept,the paper had extracted design theme of Five Dragon Temple Cultural Park.Profound religious cultural connotation had been given to the cultural park with Chinese traditional religion and "Five Elements" theory as the inspiration.It designed five main roads with different colors which represented five elements covering "gold,wood,water,fire and earth".Different scenic areas had been linked together by five man roads,forming a road landscape pattern of "meeting of five dragons".Then,flowering plants had been collocated along the five roads which were Vatica astrotricha,Punica granatum,Prunus serrulata,Morus alba and Osmanthus fragrans,creating theme-based road landscape not only representing religious significance but also corresponding with "Five Elements" theory.