Objective: To report the incidence and mortality rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Chinese population.Methods: Data were taken from a population-based cancer registry collected by the National Central Cancer R...Objective: To report the incidence and mortality rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Chinese population.Methods: Data were taken from a population-based cancer registry collected by the National Central Cancer Registry of China(NCCRC) in 2015. The data collected from 501 local cancer registries in China were assessed using NCCRC screening methods and criteria. Incidence and mortality rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancer were stratified by age group, gender, and area. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were adjusted using the Chinese standard population in 2000 and Segi’s world population.Results: In 2015, it was estimated that there were 51,765 oral and oropharyngeal cancer incident cases and 23,830 deaths in China. The crude incidence rate of oral and oropharyngeal cancer was 3.77/100,000, and the agestandardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population and by Segi’s world standard population were 2.55/100,000 and 2.49/100,000, respectively. The crude mortality rate and the age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population and by Segi’s world standard population were 1.73/100,000, 1.09/100,000 and1.08/100,000, respectively. Both incidence and mortality rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancer were higher in males and in urban areas. Residents in eastern areas had the highest incidence and mortality rates, followed by those from middle areas and western areas. The rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancer increased greatly with age,especially after the age of 40 years.Conclusions: This study reports the latest incidence and mortality rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in China. Prevention intervention including early detection, treatment, and regular follow-ups is encouraged to be set up to reduce incidence and mortality rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in the future.展开更多
Background: Polymorphisms of TAP1 gene might be pertinent in development of cancer by altering the immune response. We studied the association of TAP1 gene polymorphism with HPV related oropharyngeal cancer. Methods: ...Background: Polymorphisms of TAP1 gene might be pertinent in development of cancer by altering the immune response. We studied the association of TAP1 gene polymorphism with HPV related oropharyngeal cancer. Methods: This prospective study consisted of 200 subjects divided into three groups;Group A—HPV positive oropharyngeal cancer (17/100), Group B—HPV negative oropharyngeal cancer (83/100) and Group C—Controls. TAP1ile333val polymorphism genotyping was performed by ARMS-PCR. Results: No significant difference was observed in the distribution of Val/Val genotype of Group A in comparison to Group C (OR = 0.663, 95% CI = 0.164 - 2.688, p = 0.742) and Group B (OR = 1.725, 95% CI = 0.388 - 7.675, p = 0.677) and thus was not associated with HPV associated cancer. But the frequency of Val/Val genotype was found to be significantly decreased in Group B as compared to controls and was linked with increased risk of oropharyngeal cancers (OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.15 - 0.97, p = 0.048). Conclusion: TAP1i333v gene polymorphism was not associated with HPV positive oropharyngeal cancer;however decreased frequency of Val/Val genotype raises the risk of oropharyngeal cancer.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of Holmium:Yag laser resection for oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer.METHODS: A prospectively collected case series of all patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing ...AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of Holmium:Yag laser resection for oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer.METHODS: A prospectively collected case series of all patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing laser resection using the Holmium:Yag laser technique only over a 15 year period at a tertiary referral centre. All patients underwent long term follow up with regular clinical and radiological surveillance, when indicated. All patients were operated on under general anaesthetic with a laser-safe endotracheal tube. Typically laser resection was performed first using an operating microscope, followed by neck dissection. The tumour was held with a Luc's forceps or Allis clamp. The Holmium:Yag laser was implemented via a fibre delivery system. The Holmium:Yag laser fibre, of 550 micron diameter, was inserted through a Zoellner sucker and attached via steri-strips to a second Zoellner suction to provide smoke evacuation. The settings were 1J/pulse, 15 Hz, 15 W in a continuous delivery modality via a foot pedal control. The procedure is simple, bloodless, effective and quick. All surgeries were performed as day cases. RESULTS: Twenty-seven oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer patients were identified, at the following subsites:23 lateral pharyngeal wall/tonsil, 2 anterior faucal and 2 tongue base. Of the 23 tonsil tumours,19 required no further treatment(83% therefore had negative histopathological margins) and 4 required chemoradiotherapy(17% were incompletely excised or had aggressive histopathological features such as discohesive, perineural spread, vascular invasion). The 2 patients with anterior faucal pillar neoplasia needed no further treatment. Both tongue base cancer cases required further treatment in the form of chemoradiotherapy(due to positive histopathological margins). Postoperatively, patients complained of pain locally, which resolved with regular analgesia. There were no postoperative haemorrhages. Swallowing and speech were normal after healing(10-14 d). There was one case of fistula when neck dissection was carried out simultaneously; this resolved with conservative management. All patients were followed up with serial imaging and clinical examination for a minimum of five years. Median follow up was 84 mo.CONCLUSION: Holmium:Yag lasers are a safe and effective treatment for Stage 1 and 2 squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx, excluding the tongue base.展开更多
Scurvy is now an almost forgotten disease, but it hasn’t yet disappeared entirely. Here, we report the case of a patient with scurvy who presented with multiple hemorrhages about 5 years after undergoing pharyngeal s...Scurvy is now an almost forgotten disease, but it hasn’t yet disappeared entirely. Here, we report the case of a patient with scurvy who presented with multiple hemorrhages about 5 years after undergoing pharyngeal surgery and radiochemotherapy for oropharyngeal cancer. This 60-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of sudden onset of dyspnea and purpura. A physical examination and computed tomography revealed multifocal hemorrhages, namely, purpuras and petechiae on the legs and intramuscular and alveolar hemorrhages. Coagulation tests indicated a normal bleeding time and mild extension of the activated partial thromboplastin time. The coagulation factor activities were not low enough to account for such severe hemorrhages. No new hemorrhages were observed after admission. On questioning about his past eating habits, the patient reported having long had an extremely unbalanced diet, namely, a diet that was composed largely of carbohydrates with few fresh fruits and vegetables. This was due to the development of mechanical dysphagia after the operation. Since his vitamin C level was 0.5 μg/mL (normal range: 5.5 - 16.8 μg/mL), a diagnosis of scurvy was established. Thus, scurvy can still occur in modern times due to poor eating habits that arise from unusual settings. We must keep in mind that scurvy may be the cause when a patient presents with an apparently inexplicable tendency to hemorrhage.展开更多
Oropharyngeal cancer accounts for approximately 2.8% of newly cancer cases. Although classically a tobacco related disease, most cases today are related to infection with human papilloma virus(HPV) and present with lo...Oropharyngeal cancer accounts for approximately 2.8% of newly cancer cases. Although classically a tobacco related disease, most cases today are related to infection with human papilloma virus(HPV) and present with locally advanced tumors. HPV related tumors have been recognized as a molecularly distinct entity with higher response rates to therapy, lower rates of relapse, and improved overall survival. Treatment of oropharyngeal cancer entails a multi-disciplinary approach with concomitant chemoradiation. The role of induction chemotherapy in locally advanced tumors continues to be controversial however large studies have demonstrated no difference in survival or time to treatment failure. Surgical approaches may be employed with low volume oropharyngeal cancers and with development new endoscopic tools, more tumors are able to be resected via an endoscopic approach. Given advances in the understanding of HPV related oropharyngeal cancer, ongoing research is looking at ways to minimize toxicities via de-intensification of therapy. Unfortunately, some patients develop recurrent or metastatic disease. Novel therapeutics are currently being investigated for this patient population including immunotherapeutics. This review discusses the current understanding of the pathogenesis of oropharyngeal cancer and treatment. We also discuss emerging areas of research as it pertains to de-intensification as well novel therapeutics for the management of metastatic disease.展开更多
Objective: Diabetes mellitus type 2 has been associated with increased cancer risk and cancer related mortality. Metformin, one of the most widely used anti-diabetic medications, has been found to have important antic...Objective: Diabetes mellitus type 2 has been associated with increased cancer risk and cancer related mortality. Metformin, one of the most widely used anti-diabetic medications, has been found to have important anticancer properties in addition to hypoglycemic effects. The effects of metformin on clinical outcomes in oral cavity (OC) and oropharyngeal (OP) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have not been thoroughly analyzed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of metformin use on cancer recurrence in diabetic patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Design: Retrospective review. Setting: Academic tertiary medical center. Patients: Seventy-seven patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and oral cavity or oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were treated and followed at our tertiary academic institution and the Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System from 1998 to 2012. Main Outcome Measure: Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed to determine if metformin has an effect on disease recurrence after primary cancer treatment. Results: Metformin does not appear to have a significant effect on disease recurrence in patients with OC/OP SCC and diabetes mellitus type 2 (p = 0.53). Even when including only patients with stage I or II disease, metformin still did not decrease recurrence (p = 0.60). Conclusion: Herein, our data suggest that metformin use does not significantly impact time until recurrence for diabetic patients with OC/OP SCC.展开更多
Human papilloma virus(HPV)-associated oropharyngeal cancer(OPC)is a unique entity with increased respon-siveness to treatment and excellent oncologic outcomes.The purpose of this narrative review is to highlight how a...Human papilloma virus(HPV)-associated oropharyngeal cancer(OPC)is a unique entity with increased respon-siveness to treatment and excellent oncologic outcomes.The purpose of this narrative review is to highlight how an improved prognosis for HPV(+)tumors and an ever-increasing understanding of the risk factors,risk stratification,and areas of potential spread are shaping management options.Additionally,we aim to detail how advances in treatment technology on both the surgical and radiation fronts are facilitating the delivery of increas-ingly personalized and precise treatments.This review will describe key aspects of recent and currently-ongoing trials investigating the de-escalation and individualization of treatment in this patient cohort,and how they are building a foundation for distinct treatment paradigms for HPV(+)tumors.Further studies into the integration of biomarker-guided treatments combined with clinical trial enrollment will help ensure a future of personalized treatments and improved outcomes,both in terms of oncologic outcomes and toxicity,for patients with HPV(+)OPC.展开更多
Oral cancer(OC)is one of the most recurrent cancers in the head and neck squamous cancer(SCCHN)category.Recently,the genome-wide association studies(GWAS)have gained growing interest in the scientific community.GWAS h...Oral cancer(OC)is one of the most recurrent cancers in the head and neck squamous cancer(SCCHN)category.Recently,the genome-wide association studies(GWAS)have gained growing interest in the scientific community.GWAS have identified several pathways involved in the interactions among general risk factors and genomic variants affecting SCCHN.This systematic overview aims to critically evaluate the latest data reported within the scientific literature.The aim was to investigate the impact of genetic aspects on SCCHN onset and prognosis,involving other clinical and systemic co-factors.PubMed,Google Scholar,and Cancer Genetics Web databases have been systematically investigated for original articles published in the last two years,reporting studies on the main queries addressed in this work.This review also comparatively describes the impact of environmental and pathological co-factors in different types of cancers,clarifying and updating the role of genetic factors in SCCHN onset and development.The main outcomes reported may be helpful to drive clinicians towards their clinical evaluations for the most appropriate therapeutic approach in SCCHN.展开更多
Background:Thus far,the incidence,mortality,and temporal trend data of oropharyngeal cancers(OPC)in China were few.We estimated the incidence,mortality,and temporal patterns of OPC in China during 2008-2012 according ...Background:Thus far,the incidence,mortality,and temporal trend data of oropharyngeal cancers(OPC)in China were few.We estimated the incidence,mortality,and temporal patterns of OPC in China during 2008-2012 according to the data from 135 population-based cancer registries to better understand the epidemiological pattern of OPC and to provide more precise information for OPC control in China.Methods:According to the data of diagnosed OPC reported to 135 cancer registries during 2008-2012,we calcu-lated age-standardized rate of incidence and mortality by 2000 Chinese standard population(ASRIC and ASRMC)and by 1985 Segi’s world standard population(ASRIW and ASRMW)by age,sex,and geographic regions;annual percent-age changes of OPC incidence and mortality were calculated using Joinpoint trend analysis.Results:ASRIW and ASRMW were 2.22/100,000 person-years and 0.94/100,000 person-years,respectively.The incidence and mortality in urban areas were higher than those in rural areas.ASRIC and ASRIW of males were higher than those of females.The overall ASRIC of OPC was significantly increased by 6.2%annually between 2003 and 2006(P=0.038),but remained stable between 2007 and 2012(P=0.392).ASRIC and ASRMC of males and in rural areas were significantly increased in the last decade(P<0.05),but the rates of females remained stable during the same period(P>0.05).Conclusions:Across multiple cancer registries in China,there was an obvious increase in OPC in the recent decade,especially for incidence and mortality of males and in rural areas,whereas the rates of females remained stable.A healthy lifestyle should be advocated and early diagnosis and early treatment of OPC should be enhanced.展开更多
Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx have been used synonymously and interchangeably in the world literature in the context of head and neck cancers.As the 21st century progresses,divergence betwe...Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx have been used synonymously and interchangeably in the world literature in the context of head and neck cancers.As the 21st century progresses,divergence between the two have become more evident,particularly due to evidence related to human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.As such,the American Joint Committee on Cancer recently published the 8th edition Cancer Staging Manual,serving as a continued global resource to clinicians and researchers.Through changes in staging related to T and N clinical and pathologic classifications,the new system is expected to influence current management guidelines of these cancers that have distinct anatomic and etiopathogenic characteristics.This article aims to review such impactful changes in a time of critical transition of the staging of head and neck cancer and how these changes may affect clinicians and researchers worldwide.展开更多
基金supported by the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen (No. SZSM201911015)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 2020A151501478)+1 种基金Major State Basic Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2018-I2M-3-003)supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Early Career Fellowship (No. GNT1139826).
文摘Objective: To report the incidence and mortality rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Chinese population.Methods: Data were taken from a population-based cancer registry collected by the National Central Cancer Registry of China(NCCRC) in 2015. The data collected from 501 local cancer registries in China were assessed using NCCRC screening methods and criteria. Incidence and mortality rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancer were stratified by age group, gender, and area. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were adjusted using the Chinese standard population in 2000 and Segi’s world population.Results: In 2015, it was estimated that there were 51,765 oral and oropharyngeal cancer incident cases and 23,830 deaths in China. The crude incidence rate of oral and oropharyngeal cancer was 3.77/100,000, and the agestandardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population and by Segi’s world standard population were 2.55/100,000 and 2.49/100,000, respectively. The crude mortality rate and the age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population and by Segi’s world standard population were 1.73/100,000, 1.09/100,000 and1.08/100,000, respectively. Both incidence and mortality rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancer were higher in males and in urban areas. Residents in eastern areas had the highest incidence and mortality rates, followed by those from middle areas and western areas. The rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancer increased greatly with age,especially after the age of 40 years.Conclusions: This study reports the latest incidence and mortality rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in China. Prevention intervention including early detection, treatment, and regular follow-ups is encouraged to be set up to reduce incidence and mortality rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in the future.
文摘Background: Polymorphisms of TAP1 gene might be pertinent in development of cancer by altering the immune response. We studied the association of TAP1 gene polymorphism with HPV related oropharyngeal cancer. Methods: This prospective study consisted of 200 subjects divided into three groups;Group A—HPV positive oropharyngeal cancer (17/100), Group B—HPV negative oropharyngeal cancer (83/100) and Group C—Controls. TAP1ile333val polymorphism genotyping was performed by ARMS-PCR. Results: No significant difference was observed in the distribution of Val/Val genotype of Group A in comparison to Group C (OR = 0.663, 95% CI = 0.164 - 2.688, p = 0.742) and Group B (OR = 1.725, 95% CI = 0.388 - 7.675, p = 0.677) and thus was not associated with HPV associated cancer. But the frequency of Val/Val genotype was found to be significantly decreased in Group B as compared to controls and was linked with increased risk of oropharyngeal cancers (OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.15 - 0.97, p = 0.048). Conclusion: TAP1i333v gene polymorphism was not associated with HPV positive oropharyngeal cancer;however decreased frequency of Val/Val genotype raises the risk of oropharyngeal cancer.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of Holmium:Yag laser resection for oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer.METHODS: A prospectively collected case series of all patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing laser resection using the Holmium:Yag laser technique only over a 15 year period at a tertiary referral centre. All patients underwent long term follow up with regular clinical and radiological surveillance, when indicated. All patients were operated on under general anaesthetic with a laser-safe endotracheal tube. Typically laser resection was performed first using an operating microscope, followed by neck dissection. The tumour was held with a Luc's forceps or Allis clamp. The Holmium:Yag laser was implemented via a fibre delivery system. The Holmium:Yag laser fibre, of 550 micron diameter, was inserted through a Zoellner sucker and attached via steri-strips to a second Zoellner suction to provide smoke evacuation. The settings were 1J/pulse, 15 Hz, 15 W in a continuous delivery modality via a foot pedal control. The procedure is simple, bloodless, effective and quick. All surgeries were performed as day cases. RESULTS: Twenty-seven oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer patients were identified, at the following subsites:23 lateral pharyngeal wall/tonsil, 2 anterior faucal and 2 tongue base. Of the 23 tonsil tumours,19 required no further treatment(83% therefore had negative histopathological margins) and 4 required chemoradiotherapy(17% were incompletely excised or had aggressive histopathological features such as discohesive, perineural spread, vascular invasion). The 2 patients with anterior faucal pillar neoplasia needed no further treatment. Both tongue base cancer cases required further treatment in the form of chemoradiotherapy(due to positive histopathological margins). Postoperatively, patients complained of pain locally, which resolved with regular analgesia. There were no postoperative haemorrhages. Swallowing and speech were normal after healing(10-14 d). There was one case of fistula when neck dissection was carried out simultaneously; this resolved with conservative management. All patients were followed up with serial imaging and clinical examination for a minimum of five years. Median follow up was 84 mo.CONCLUSION: Holmium:Yag lasers are a safe and effective treatment for Stage 1 and 2 squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx, excluding the tongue base.
文摘Scurvy is now an almost forgotten disease, but it hasn’t yet disappeared entirely. Here, we report the case of a patient with scurvy who presented with multiple hemorrhages about 5 years after undergoing pharyngeal surgery and radiochemotherapy for oropharyngeal cancer. This 60-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of sudden onset of dyspnea and purpura. A physical examination and computed tomography revealed multifocal hemorrhages, namely, purpuras and petechiae on the legs and intramuscular and alveolar hemorrhages. Coagulation tests indicated a normal bleeding time and mild extension of the activated partial thromboplastin time. The coagulation factor activities were not low enough to account for such severe hemorrhages. No new hemorrhages were observed after admission. On questioning about his past eating habits, the patient reported having long had an extremely unbalanced diet, namely, a diet that was composed largely of carbohydrates with few fresh fruits and vegetables. This was due to the development of mechanical dysphagia after the operation. Since his vitamin C level was 0.5 μg/mL (normal range: 5.5 - 16.8 μg/mL), a diagnosis of scurvy was established. Thus, scurvy can still occur in modern times due to poor eating habits that arise from unusual settings. We must keep in mind that scurvy may be the cause when a patient presents with an apparently inexplicable tendency to hemorrhage.
文摘Oropharyngeal cancer accounts for approximately 2.8% of newly cancer cases. Although classically a tobacco related disease, most cases today are related to infection with human papilloma virus(HPV) and present with locally advanced tumors. HPV related tumors have been recognized as a molecularly distinct entity with higher response rates to therapy, lower rates of relapse, and improved overall survival. Treatment of oropharyngeal cancer entails a multi-disciplinary approach with concomitant chemoradiation. The role of induction chemotherapy in locally advanced tumors continues to be controversial however large studies have demonstrated no difference in survival or time to treatment failure. Surgical approaches may be employed with low volume oropharyngeal cancers and with development new endoscopic tools, more tumors are able to be resected via an endoscopic approach. Given advances in the understanding of HPV related oropharyngeal cancer, ongoing research is looking at ways to minimize toxicities via de-intensification of therapy. Unfortunately, some patients develop recurrent or metastatic disease. Novel therapeutics are currently being investigated for this patient population including immunotherapeutics. This review discusses the current understanding of the pathogenesis of oropharyngeal cancer and treatment. We also discuss emerging areas of research as it pertains to de-intensification as well novel therapeutics for the management of metastatic disease.
文摘Objective: Diabetes mellitus type 2 has been associated with increased cancer risk and cancer related mortality. Metformin, one of the most widely used anti-diabetic medications, has been found to have important anticancer properties in addition to hypoglycemic effects. The effects of metformin on clinical outcomes in oral cavity (OC) and oropharyngeal (OP) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have not been thoroughly analyzed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of metformin use on cancer recurrence in diabetic patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Design: Retrospective review. Setting: Academic tertiary medical center. Patients: Seventy-seven patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and oral cavity or oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were treated and followed at our tertiary academic institution and the Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System from 1998 to 2012. Main Outcome Measure: Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed to determine if metformin has an effect on disease recurrence after primary cancer treatment. Results: Metformin does not appear to have a significant effect on disease recurrence in patients with OC/OP SCC and diabetes mellitus type 2 (p = 0.53). Even when including only patients with stage I or II disease, metformin still did not decrease recurrence (p = 0.60). Conclusion: Herein, our data suggest that metformin use does not significantly impact time until recurrence for diabetic patients with OC/OP SCC.
文摘Human papilloma virus(HPV)-associated oropharyngeal cancer(OPC)is a unique entity with increased respon-siveness to treatment and excellent oncologic outcomes.The purpose of this narrative review is to highlight how an improved prognosis for HPV(+)tumors and an ever-increasing understanding of the risk factors,risk stratification,and areas of potential spread are shaping management options.Additionally,we aim to detail how advances in treatment technology on both the surgical and radiation fronts are facilitating the delivery of increas-ingly personalized and precise treatments.This review will describe key aspects of recent and currently-ongoing trials investigating the de-escalation and individualization of treatment in this patient cohort,and how they are building a foundation for distinct treatment paradigms for HPV(+)tumors.Further studies into the integration of biomarker-guided treatments combined with clinical trial enrollment will help ensure a future of personalized treatments and improved outcomes,both in terms of oncologic outcomes and toxicity,for patients with HPV(+)OPC.
文摘Oral cancer(OC)is one of the most recurrent cancers in the head and neck squamous cancer(SCCHN)category.Recently,the genome-wide association studies(GWAS)have gained growing interest in the scientific community.GWAS have identified several pathways involved in the interactions among general risk factors and genomic variants affecting SCCHN.This systematic overview aims to critically evaluate the latest data reported within the scientific literature.The aim was to investigate the impact of genetic aspects on SCCHN onset and prognosis,involving other clinical and systemic co-factors.PubMed,Google Scholar,and Cancer Genetics Web databases have been systematically investigated for original articles published in the last two years,reporting studies on the main queries addressed in this work.This review also comparatively describes the impact of environmental and pathological co-factors in different types of cancers,clarifying and updating the role of genetic factors in SCCHN onset and development.The main outcomes reported may be helpful to drive clinicians towards their clinical evaluations for the most appropriate therapeutic approach in SCCHN.
基金supported by a Program Grant in Fundamental Research from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2014FY121100)by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81602931)+1 种基金supported partly by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi,China(No.20171BAB215052)supported by Jiangxi Provincial Health Planning Committee science and technology project(Nos.20172004 and 20186008).
文摘Background:Thus far,the incidence,mortality,and temporal trend data of oropharyngeal cancers(OPC)in China were few.We estimated the incidence,mortality,and temporal patterns of OPC in China during 2008-2012 according to the data from 135 population-based cancer registries to better understand the epidemiological pattern of OPC and to provide more precise information for OPC control in China.Methods:According to the data of diagnosed OPC reported to 135 cancer registries during 2008-2012,we calcu-lated age-standardized rate of incidence and mortality by 2000 Chinese standard population(ASRIC and ASRMC)and by 1985 Segi’s world standard population(ASRIW and ASRMW)by age,sex,and geographic regions;annual percent-age changes of OPC incidence and mortality were calculated using Joinpoint trend analysis.Results:ASRIW and ASRMW were 2.22/100,000 person-years and 0.94/100,000 person-years,respectively.The incidence and mortality in urban areas were higher than those in rural areas.ASRIC and ASRIW of males were higher than those of females.The overall ASRIC of OPC was significantly increased by 6.2%annually between 2003 and 2006(P=0.038),but remained stable between 2007 and 2012(P=0.392).ASRIC and ASRMC of males and in rural areas were significantly increased in the last decade(P<0.05),but the rates of females remained stable during the same period(P>0.05).Conclusions:Across multiple cancer registries in China,there was an obvious increase in OPC in the recent decade,especially for incidence and mortality of males and in rural areas,whereas the rates of females remained stable.A healthy lifestyle should be advocated and early diagnosis and early treatment of OPC should be enhanced.
文摘Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx have been used synonymously and interchangeably in the world literature in the context of head and neck cancers.As the 21st century progresses,divergence between the two have become more evident,particularly due to evidence related to human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.As such,the American Joint Committee on Cancer recently published the 8th edition Cancer Staging Manual,serving as a continued global resource to clinicians and researchers.Through changes in staging related to T and N clinical and pathologic classifications,the new system is expected to influence current management guidelines of these cancers that have distinct anatomic and etiopathogenic characteristics.This article aims to review such impactful changes in a time of critical transition of the staging of head and neck cancer and how these changes may affect clinicians and researchers worldwide.
