Cavitation Increases the Ratio of Ortho/Para-H2O Isomers in Water and Reduces Its Viscosity

For the first time, we found that cavitation treatment of water increases the number of ortho-H2O isomers by 12% - 15%, which was confirmed in experiments on a tomograph. From this, it was suggested that the O/P ratio is a key factor in reducing the viscosity of water. The most significant decrease in the viscosity of an aqueous suspension of hemoglobin molecules with an increase in its concentration was measured earlier in the vicinity of a temperature of 37°C. The mechanism of the observed phenomena is discussed.

Bronsted酸离子液体的制备及其在氯苯选择性硝化中的应用研究

本文采用一步法制备了一种新型低毒基于己内酰胺阳离子的Bronsted酸离子液体用于氯苯的选择性硝化。通过单因素及正交试验,考察了原料配比、反应温度、时间、离子液体用量及有机溶剂种类等因素对原料转化率及硝化产物邻对比的影响。结果表明:在发烟硝酸作硝化剂、不使用有机溶剂、反应温度80℃、反应时间18h、离子液体用量为原料氯苯的20%(wt)、n(发烟硝酸):n(氯苯)=1.1:1的最佳反应条件下,氯苯转化率为62.04%,硝化产物的邻对比达0.5641,比传统混酸硝化工艺的邻对比提高了10.5%。制备的离子液体结构采用IR表征。同时考察结果表明所制备的Bronsted酸离子液体重复使用多次对原料转化率和邻对比影响都不大,说明该离子液体在硝化反应条件下是稳定的。

硝硫磷混酸对甲苯一硝化选择性的影响及工艺过程研究

以甲苯为原料,考察了硝硫磷混酸对甲苯一硝化选择性的影响,结果表明:在保证硝化能力的前提下,水的质量分数以20%为宜,磷酸的引入明显降低了邻对比,提高了对硝基甲苯的选择性。利用响应面软件对间歇工艺条件进行了优化,适宜的工艺条件为硝酸/硫酸/磷酸/水(质量比)=0.1∶0.29∶0.41∶0.2,加料温度40℃,加料时间30min,反应温度60℃,反应时间180min,硝化比1.19,搅拌速率330r/min,在此条件下甲苯转化率为99.28%,邻对比1.31,对硝基甲苯收率41.55%。同时对静态混合管式连续选择性硝化工艺进行初步探索,进行了相同反应时间条件下的间歇对照试验,结果表明,采用静态混合反应技术后的硝硫磷混酸硝化过程,可以提高甲苯转化率,强化传质传热效果。