Preventive effect of Peperomia pellucida(L.) Kunth herbs on ovariectomyinduced osteoporotic rats

Osteoporosis is a metabolic skeletal disorder leading to bone fracture which adversely impacts the quality of life. In the present, we aimed to investigate the effect of Peperomia pellucida(L.) Kunth herb juice and ethanolic extract on ovariectomy(OVX)-induced osteoporotic rat model. Osteoporosis was induced by OVX with a double dorsolateral approach on female Wistar rats. Female Wistar rats undergoing sham surgeries(sham-control group) served as controls. The ovariectomized rats were divided into six groups based on administered treatments,(i) CMC Na 0.3%(OVX-control group),(ii) standard drug(ethynil estradiol 4.5 μg/kg),(iii) P. pellucida juice at dose of 50 mg/kg, and(iv) 100 mg/kg,(v) P. pellucida ethanolic extract at dose of 50 mg/kg, and(vi) 100 mg/kg. Treatments were started 1 week after the surgeries and lasted for 6 weeks. Rats treated with 100 mg/kg P. pellucida ethanol extract had significantly decreased serum ALP level and reduced excretion of urine calcium compared with the OVX-control group(P<0.05). These levels were not significantly altered when compared with the sham-control group(P<0.05). Furthermore, 100 mg/kg ethanolic extract-treated group showed improvement on three-dimensional image of the trabecular bone compared with the OVX-control group. Trabecular cavity formation in 100 mg/kg ethanolic extract-treated group was minimal. Ethanolic extract of Peperomia pellucida(L.) Kunth herbs at a dose of 100 mg/kg had preventive effect on OVX-induced osteoporotic rats.

Optimization of ionic liquid-based microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenolic content from Peperomia pellucida (L) kunth using response surface methodology

Objective: To optimize the ionic liquid based microwave-assisted extraction (IL-MAE) of polyphenolic content from Peperomia pellucida (L) Kunth. Methods: The IL-MAE factors as experimental design parameters, including microwave power, extraction time, ionic liquid concentration, and liquid–solid ratio had been involved. Response surface methodology and Box–Behnken design were used to obtain predictive model (multivariate quadratic regression equation) and optimization of the extraction process. The response surface was analyzed by using the yields of total polyphenolic content as response value. Results: Based on the obtained results the optimum extraction condition, including microwave power of 30% Watts, extraction time of 18.5 min, the ionic liquid concen-tration of 0.79 mol/L, and the liquid–solid ratio of 10.72 mL/g 1-Buthyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim]BF4) as a solvent was selected. The regression model was obtained to predicts the yields from Peperomia pellucida:Y = 30.250 – 1.356X1 + 2.655X2 + 2.252X3 – 0.565X4 + 0.990 X1X3 – 8.172 X1X4 – 3.439 X3X4 – 4.178 X12 – 3.210 X32 – 6.786 X42 – 7.290 X12X3 + 5.575 X1X32 – 4.843 X32X4 with R2 = 0.82519. Scale-up confirmation test was obtained the maximum yields of total polyphenolics content with the amount of 31.1725μg GAE/g. Conclusions: The IL-MAE method produced a higher extraction polyphenolic and performed rapidly, easily and efficiently.

A new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor from Peperomia pellucida(L.) Kunth

Objective:To isolate,identify,and evaluate a new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor from Peperomia pellucida(L.)Kunth herbs.Methods:A dried sample of Peperomia pellucida herb was successively macerated with n-hexane and ethyl acetate.The ethyl acetate extract solution was evaporated to obtain the crude extract.Vacuum liquid column chromatography and thin layer chromatography were performed to obtain two pure compounds.Then,both compounds were elucidated and identified using the spectroscopic method.Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity studies of both compounds were determined using angiotensin-converting enzyme kit WST-1 with spectrophotometer microplate reader 96-well at 450 nm wavelength.Results:Two bioactive compounds were successfully isolated from Peperomia pellucida herb,including a new compound of 2,3,5-trimethoxy-9-(12,14,15-trimethoxybenzyl)-1 H-indene and pellucidin A.Both compounds demonstrated angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity,with IC50 values of 72 μM(27.95 μg/mL)and 1 1μM(4.4 μg/mL),respectively.Conclusions:In the present study,two active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors were successfully isolated and purified from Peperomia pellucida which is used as an antihypertensive in traditional medicine,and support its use as an angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibiting drug.