Overview of Child Otological Care at the Reference Health Center of Commune V, Bamako

Aim: To profile the diagnostic and the care provided for otological conditions in children. Method: This was a prospective cross-sectional study carried out from March 1, 2022 to May 30, 2022 at the ENT Unit of the Reference Health Center of Commune V (Bamako). This study concerned the records of children with an otological condition. They were at their first consultation within the unit. The month of March was devoted to recruitment. The follow-up was done until the end of May. The parameters studied included epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects. Results: We identified 184 children suffering from otological conditions out of a total of 559 patients that consulted during March 2022, i.e. an hospital prevalence of 32.9%. This study found ear infections in 60.3%. Earwax and epidermal plugs accounted for 32.60%. Traumatic injuries were 4.3%. Pre-lingual deafness was found in 1.1% of cases. Antibiotics were used for treatment in 66.3% of children without any complications detected. Conclusion: The otological affections of the child were frequent with a predominance of otitis.

Otological Injuries Observed in Head and Neck Trauma in a Second-Line Hospital

Otological injuries are common during cervicofacial trauma. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological characteristics and to map otological injuries during head and neck trauma. This was an observational, descriptive, prospective study conducted at the ENT unit of the Referral Health Center Hospital in Mali from January 2017 to September 2018. Patients with middle and/or inner ear injuries due to trauma were included. The prevalence of otologic injuries was 34.54% of cases. The mean age was 25 years and the sex ratio was 1.11. Students accounted for 42.10%. The mechanism of occurrence was an intentional assault in 68.42% of the cases followed by road traffic accidents (15.79%). The most common functional signs were hearing loss (68.42%), tinnitus (57.89%), and facial paralysis in 5.26%. Otoscopy showed tympanic perforation (47.83%), otorrhagia (21.05%) and otoliquorrhea (5.26%). Rock fractures with osteodural breach (10.53%) and pneumencephaly were found on a CT scan of the rock. The evolution was marked by the regression of the facial paralysis and the healing of the tympanum in 45.45% of the cases. Sequelae persisted in the form of sensorineural deafness (17%). The otological lesions observed during cervicofacial trauma are varied. The challenges in our context are felt at three levels: the improvement of the technical platform, the long-term follow-up of patients, and the cost of care in terms of equipment. These lesions are responsible for disabling deafness, a source of difficulty in social and school integration.

Noise Exposure and Otological Morbidity in Military Musicians in Cotonou

Introduction: Military musicians are subjected to a double risk of noise related to the use of combat weapons and then to the use of musical instruments. The objective of this study was to assess the otological damage of military music professionals in Cotonou. Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study carried out from July 15 to November 15, 2019. It focused on soldiers from the Music Squadron and the first Motorized Intervention Battalion of Camp Guézo in Cotonou. Results: 110 soldiers were included. The mean age was 34.3 ± 6.2 years. The sex ratio was 17.3. The instruments used were wind (74.5%), percussion (23.6%) and string (1.8%). The average length of service in the Music Squadron was 11.5 ± 6.7 years with extremes of 1 year and 25 years. They practiced military music for an average of 4.58 hours per day for 4 days per week. The mean sonometric measurement during training ranged from 89.1 dB (A) to 116.4 dB (A). Hearing loss was predominant in the military musicians group and was mild degree bilaterally (p = 0.002) and perceptual type (p = 0.007). Conclusion: Military musicians are exposed to high noise levels, putting them at risk of developing hearing problems that may limit their performance. The main otological morbidity found was hearing loss associated with a few cases of tinnitus and headache.

Auditory function in symptomatic patients recovered from SARS-CoV-2 and unexposed patients:An analytical cross-sectional study

Objective:To describe audiological symptoms,audiometric profile,and distortion product otoacoustic emission in symptomatic patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection(positive RT-PCR test)and asymptomatic patients(negative RT-PCR test).Methods:An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using data obtained from clinical charts,physical examination,audiometry,and distortion product otoacoustic emission on 40 patients[case patients(CP)]recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosed by a positive RT-PCR test and 22asymptomatic participants with a negative RT-PCR test[non-case(NC)].Results:Sixty-two patients(mean age:31.1 and 28.2 years in the CP and NC groups,respectively)were included.All participants were young without significant comorbidities,risk factors for hearing loss or otological history.Vertigo(5%),tinnitus(17.5%)and aural fullness/hearing loss(35%)were found in the CP group.A statistically significant difference was found in specific frequencies(1000,4000,and 8000 Hz)and pure tone average(low and high conversational frequencies with increased threshold in the PC group compared with the NC group),which was not found in distortion product otoacoustic emission.Conclusion:Audiovestibular symptoms are frequent in symptomatic patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection.SARS-CoV-2 infection was consistently associated with an increased audiometric hearing threshold at specific frequencies and low tone average.

33例耳廓化脓性软骨膜炎诊治经验

目的总结分析33例不同病因引起的耳廓化脓性软骨膜炎的治疗体会。方法回顾性分析南昌大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科2015年1月~2020年6月收治的不同病因的耳廓化脓性软骨膜炎患者33例,分析总结病因及诊治经验。结果33例患者中行药物保守治疗者9例,治疗后9例均痊愈,未出现耳廓畸形等并发症;行局麻下脓肿切开引流治疗者4例,治疗后4例均痊愈,未出现耳廓畸形等并发症;行全麻下耳廓软骨清创缝合术者20例,术后痊愈20例,出现耳廓“菜花样”畸形1例。33例患者,取得脓液样本细菌培养及药敏者24例,微生物检出者20例,4例培养后未见微生物生长,检出金黄色葡萄球菌9例,检出率45%,检出铜绿假单胞菌12例,检出率60%,真菌均未检出。检出微生物舒普深均敏感。结论耳廓化脓性软骨膜炎病因较多,诊断相对简单,治疗上首选针对铜绿假单胞菌及金黄色葡萄球菌敏感的抗生素,病情较轻的可行药物保守治疗,病变严重时则应切开引流及清除病变的软骨,同时超短波辅助治疗也是十分有效的治疗手段。

11例听骨链畸形的回顾性分析

目的探讨先天性听骨链畸形的手术治疗效果。方法回顾性分析11例听骨链畸形患者术前行颞骨CT、声导抗及纯音测听检查,对不同畸形部位或类型者行不同术式人工听骨听骨链重建术,术后随访2个月～1年,评估患者术后听力情况。结果术前气导平均听阈(0.5、1、2和4 kHz)为(59.6±10.0)dB HL,骨气导差(38.9±8.0)dB HL。术后2个月～1年复查气导平均听阈(45.3±16.0)dB HL,骨气导差为(22.5±10.0)dB HL。术后气导增益(14.3±9.0)dB HL,骨气导差增益(16.4±8.0)dB HL。11例中7例(64%)术后气导增益≥15 dB HL,4例(36%)术后气导增益<15 dB HL;8例(73%)术后骨气导差增益≥15 dB HL,3例(27%)术后骨气导差增益<15 dB HL。结论人工听骨听骨链重建术是治疗听骨链畸形的方法之一。

耳垂瘢痕疙瘩的综合治疗

耳垂瘢痕疙瘩是一种病理现象,表现为成纤维细胞活性异常增高,大量结缔组织沉积而导致瘢痕过度增生,质地如软骨样,形态大小不一,表面凸凹不平,单纯手术切除易复发,术后结合激素及核素照射是治疗耳垂瘢痕疙瘩的有效方法,现将我科近2年来收治的15例病例报道如下。

外耳道成形术的应用

外耳道成形术是为了恢复外耳道正常宽度和轮廓而采取的措施,包括以正常健康皮肤替代病变的外耳道皮肤。虽然该术式在耳外科治疗中应用广泛,但处理不当仍会出现面神经瘫痪、外耳道再次狭窄、闭锁等严重并发症[1],本文分析52耳外耳道成形术的手术方式及术后处理。

慢性化脓性中耳炎再次手术及原因分析

慢性化脓性中耳炎是耳科常见疾病,临床表现主要为耳流脓及不同程度的听力损失。乳突改良根治术是治疗胆脂瘤型及骨疡型中耳炎的主要方法,手术目的是清除病变组织,获得干耳;但术后仍有部分患者出现持续或间断流脓,

耳甲腔转移皮瓣联合耳甲腔成形术

2011年我科采用耳甲腔转移皮瓣联合耳甲腔成形术，治疗外耳道13狭窄，扩大外耳道口13例，疗效满意，现报道3例典型病例如下。1临床资料病例1，男性，19岁，因左侧外耳道胆脂瘤、中耳乳突炎人院。

小儿感染期先天性耳前瘘管的手术治疗

我院自2006年6月～2008年12月,开展小儿感染期先天性耳前瘘管的手术治疗共计32例（34耳）,经半年以上的随访观察效果满意,无复发。现报道如下。

外耳道胆脂瘤临床分析

外耳道胆脂瘤是一种阻塞于外耳道骨部的含有胆固醇结晶的脱落上皮团块,病变不仅限于外耳道,部分病变可侵及乳突或鼓室等。现将我科2004年1月～2008年1月收治的24例外耳道胆脂瘤患者资料报道如下。

耳甲腔转移皮瓣治疗后天性外耳道闭锁

后天性外耳道闭锁发病率逐渐增高,多因外伤,烧伤,放疗等原因引起。治疗比较棘手,我科采用耳甲腔转移皮瓣治疗后天性外耳道闭锁13例,报道如下。

先天性耳前瘘管感染期手术

先天性耳前瘘管是临床常见的一种先天性畸形疾病,尽管无症状者可不予处理,但部分患者因反复继发感染或感染蔓延到外耳道及耳后,严重影响正常生活而需要手术治疗。临床上有部分反复感染的患儿在感染期手术治疗后复发,为了确定耳前瘘管的最佳手术时机,对2006年1月～2008年6月间我科收治的316例先天性耳前瘘管患儿进行临床观察及随访。现将观察结果报道如下。

耳内-耳甲腔切口在开放式乳突根治术中的应用

乳突根治术是目前治疗中耳胆脂瘤的主要方法,手术目的是将乳突、鼓窦、上鼓室、外耳道形成一个统一的开放性结构,由于术后乳突腔扩大,增加术后术区通气可以加速术区上皮化已成为共识[1]。目前一般采用耳后切口,病变切除后再行耳甲腔成形术。这种方法较繁琐同时也增加了手术时间。我科采用耳内-耳甲腔切口行中耳胆脂瘤手术治疗,依据术前颞骨CT显示的病变范围,

外耳道和中耳异物2例

1临床资料病例1,患者男,60岁,以外伤后眩晕,右耳听力丧失,右眼睑闭合不全,右侧口角歪斜6天入院。6天前患者在电焊时,熔化的焊珠溅入右耳内,患者当即晕倒在地,意识清醒,右耳听力丧失、耳鸣,右眼睑闭合不全,右侧口角歪斜。在县医院取异物没成功,

Ear,nose,and throat manifestations of COVID-19 and its vaccines

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a highly infectious disease and was designated a pandemic by the World Health Organization(WHO)on March 11,2020.There are no classical manifestations of the disease.The most prevalent symptoms include fever,cough,dyspnea,myalgia and headache.The main route of transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is through the upper respiratory tract.Therefore,it is not strange to find different ear,nose and throat(ENT)symptoms in individuals infected with this virus.Olfactory dysfunction is a common feature of COVID-19;either it is the only presenting symptom or it accompanies other manifestations of the disease.Other otolaryngological features such as sudden sensorineural hearing loss(SSNHL),dysphonia,nasal obstruction,sore throat,etc.are less frequent manifestations of COVID-19.These features,in addition,to being presented early in the disease process,certain long-standing symptoms like parosmia,dysphonia,and persistent deafness,are other characteristics of the disease.Geographical variation in otorhinolaryngological prevalence is another problem with this debilitating disease.Local and systemic adverse effects(local site injection pain,fever,myalgia,headache,and others)of the COVID-19 vaccines are more frequent than otolaryngological side effects(anosmia,hyposmia,Bell’s palsy,SSNHL,etc.).We aimed in this review to summarize the early and persistent ENT symptoms of COVID-19 or after the various COVID-19 vaccines.

感染期先天性耳前瘘管切除术

2004年5月-2007年8月对我科25例先天性耳前瘘管感染伴脓肿形成患者，先行脓肿切开排脓，待感染区无明显脓液后，在显微镜下手术切除瘘管，取得良好疗效，现报道如下。

前壁切除术治疗耳廓假性囊肿的临床观察

耳廓假性囊肿是耳鼻喉科的常见疾病,又名耳廓浆液性软骨膜炎,是耳廓软骨夹层内的非化脓性浆液性囊肿。2009年6月至2011年10月,我科采用前壁切除后局部打包加压治疗耳廓假性囊肿患者13例,效果良好,现回顾其临床疗效,并报道如下。1资料与方法1.1临床资料我科治疗耳廓假性囊肿患者13例(13耳),其中,男性10例,女性3例;年龄25～60岁,平均41岁,病程1周～6个月,平均1个月。均为单耳发病。

MICRODISSECTION OF MINIATURE PIG EAR

Objective To investigate the suitability of miniature pigs as an animal model for otological research. Methods Microdissection of the temporal bone was performed on 10 miniature pigs and recorded on photo-graphs. Results The morphology and measurement of the external, middle and inner ear and the lateral re-cess of the miniature pigs were obtained by microdissection. Conclusion Compared to traditional animal models, the miniature pig may be a better model for biomedical research because of its many similarities in physiological functions with humans. Similarities of the temporal bone structures, including the external, middle and inner ear and the lateral recess, between the miniature pig and human make the animal a poten-tially useful model for otological research.