Acknowledgments to reviewers of World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology

Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology . The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles （including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue） during the last editing time period.

What is the purpose of launching the World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology？

We are pleased to announce the launching of the World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology （WJO） as a new mem-ber of the World Series journal family. The WJO is a peer-reviewed open-access journal dedicated to pub-lishing original research articles, review articles, clinical studies, and case reports in all areas of otorhinolaryn-gology. Please consider submitting your research fnd-ings in otorhinolaryngology to the WJO.

Geriatric Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Emergency in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti

Background: Issues of geriatric otolaryngologic emergency have not been widely applied despite an increase in the geriatric population. This study aimed at determining the prevalence, sociodemographic features, etiology, clinical features, complications and sources of referral of geriatric otorhinolaryngological, head and neck emergency in our center. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective hospital-based study of geriatric otorhinolaryngology emergency in the Ear, Nose and Throat Department of Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital. The study was carried out between October 2016 and September 2018. Data were obtained by using a pretested interviewers questionnaire. All data were collated and analyzed using SPSS version 18.0. The data were expressed by frequency table, percentage, bar charts, and pie charts. Results: Geriatric otorhinolaryngology, head and neck emergency accounted for 5.3%. Major prevalence age group was 43.9% in the age group (60 - 64). There were 38.6% of males with a male to female ratio of 1:1.5. The main etiology of geriatric otorhinolaryngology emergency was 29.5% trauma/road traffic accident/foreign body impaction and 25.8% tumor. Main anatomical distribution of geriatric otorhinolaryngology emergency was 38.6% throat diseases and 31.1% ear diseases. The most frequent clinical features were the pain in 27.3%, hearing loss in 21.2%, tinnitus in 15.9%, bleeding in 14.4%, difficulty breathing in 12.9% and discharge in 11.4%. Common diagnosis in this study was 15.9% sinonasal tumor, 14.4% upper aerodigestive foreign body impaction, 10.6% earwax impaction and 19.8% otitis externa. Acute presentation (Conclusion: Geriatric otorhinolaryngological emergency is a common pathology associated with comorbid illnesses. Detailed clinical assessment is mandatory for effective management outcome.

Otorhinolaryngology Diseases in HIV-Positive Patients: 208 Cases at the Donka National Hospital

Introduction: Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) diseases in patients living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/ AIDS) are relatively common and of concern to ENT specialists and other health professionals. Aim: It was to describe the epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of ENT and cervicofacial diseases in patients living with HIV/ AIDS. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive study with prospective data collection, conducted over a period of six months (September 16, 2019 to March 16, 2020), carried out at the ENT and Infectious Diseases Departments of the Donka National Hospital. Results: Of 522 HIV-positive patients, 208 (39.8%) presented with ENT diseases. Women represented 62.5% with a sex ratio of 0.6. The mean age was 42.21 years with extremes of 16 and 64 years. Housewives were the most represented (29.8%). Married people were the most affected (76.4%). Cervical involvement was present in 7.7% of patients. Otologic involvement accounted for 43.7%. Oral cavity and pharyngolaryngeal involvement accounted for 50.9%. Nasosinus involvement accounted for 55.7%. HIV type I was the most common (99.5%). Conclusion: Otorhinolaryngology diseases were frequent in HIV positive patients. They may constitute the first reason for consultation. However, these ENT diseases remain in appendix of the opportunistic diseases of HIV/AIDS taking the front stage.

Tranexamic acid in otorhinolaryngology e A contemporary review

Tranexamic acid(TXA)is an anti-fibrinolytic agent which has been proven beneficial in multiple surgical specialties where significant bleeding can occur.Whilst it has been widely available for over 40 years its use within Otorhinolaryngology is still limited.Operations in Otorhinolaryngology are particularly varied with some such as tonsillectomy having the potential for significant life threatening bleeding.Other operations are performed within small confined surgical fields and even small amounts of bleeding can significantly detriment surgical field and increase technical difficulty and operative time.This review evaluated the current literature on the benefits of tranexamic acid within the field of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery.Overall TXA was demonstrated to be a safe drug with no major adverse effects including thromboembolic events reported in any study.It has been shown to be of particular benefit in rhinology by improving surgical field,reducing operative time and reducing postoperative swelling and ecchymosis.The benefit in tonsillectomy is less clear and further studies are required to evaluate its potential use in the reduction of post tonsillectomy haemorrhage rates.

Diagnosis and treatment of emergency surgeries in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery during the covid-19 outbreak: A single center experience

The 2019 Novel Coronavirus(2019-nCoV,SARS-CoV-2)infection has already been assigned as a Class B infectious disease requiring Class A management strategy according to“the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases of the People’s Republic of China”and become a global pandemic.The incidence of emergencies in otorhinolaryngology,head and neck surgery such as foreign bodies in the esophagus and the respiratory tract,epistaxis,laryngeal obstruction with dyspnea,and head and neck trauma are relatively high.Emergency surgeries are required as some of these diseases progress rapidly and probably be life-threatening.In this article,we drafted the recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of emergency surgeries in otorhinolaryngology,head and neck surgery in the epidemic area of novel coronavirus pneumonia based on“Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Plan(Provisional;7th Edition Revisions)”and WHO guidelines,combined with the experience of emergency surgeries in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Wuhan Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,which is at the center outbreak area of the SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia(COVID-19)in China,to improve the success rate of treatment for otorhinolaryngology,head and neck surgery emergency surgeries and to reduce the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate in the perioperative period.

RECENT ADVANCES OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY IN CHINA

In recent years, great advances of otorhino-laryngology have been achieved in China, in the following three aspects chiefly:

鼻内镜下鼻底巨大鼻腭囊肿揭盖术1例

1临床资料患者,男,33岁,因“左侧鼻塞1年余”于2023-11-28入院。患者1年前无明显诱因出现左侧鼻塞,右侧偶有鼻塞,伴喷嚏、清水样涕,持续时间7年余;不伴头痛、发热、鼻出血和面部麻木感等症状,嗅觉正常。患者既往体健,无口腔相关疾病史,无高血压、糖尿病及家族遗传病史,无鼻部外伤及手术史。查体:鼻内镜下见左侧鼻底中后部明显隆起,表面光滑,被覆黏膜颜色正常,触之较韧,为囊性感,未见出血表现,无压痛。

Pediatric otorhinolaryngology surgeries forforeign bodies:A retrospective observational study in Tamale Teaching Hospital

Objective:This present study investigated the prevalence,characteristics,and management of ear,nose,and throat(ENT)foreign body(FB)in the pediatric population of Tamale.Study Design:Retrospective observational study for otorhinolaryngology surgeries from 2019 to 2022 for children aged 17 years and below at Tamale Teaching Hospital.Methods:A checklist created was used to collect data from the Otorhinolaryngology Surgeries records from 2019 to 2022.Chi-square and binary logistics regression analysis were done for associations.The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05.Results:Two hundred and sixty-three cases were included in this study,and the mean age of the study participants was(4.3±3.8)years with a minimum age of 1 month and a maximum age of 17 years.Most(65.4%)of the study participants were under-5 years.The prevalence of FB in this study was 47.9%.The majority(54.8%)of the ENT FB incidence was through ingestion.Almost half(50.8%)of the ENT FB was removed through esophagoscopy.Among the foreign bodies,the coin was the most common(44.5%).Those less than 1 year were more likely to encounter FB than those 12 years and above(adust odds ratio[AOR]=27.7,95%confidence interval[CI]=4.7-164.6).Again,those of 5 to less than 12 years were more likely to encounter ENT FB than those 12 years and above(AOR=5.7,95%CI=1.2-26.3).Conclusions:Foreign bodies are a common occurrence in pediatric otorhinolaryngology surgeries in Tamale Teaching Hospital.Younger children are more likely to report for otorhinolaryngology surgeries for FB in Tamale Teaching Hospital.

鼻中隔穿孔不同手术径路的选择

鼻中隔穿孔临床上并不少见,手术修补难度大,成功率低。有经验的鼻科医师会根据鼻中隔穿孔的部位、大小及黏膜状况采取不同的手术径路及手术修补方法。我科自20世纪七十年代开始鼻中隔穿孔手术,取得了满意的治疗效果[1]。现对不同手术径路的优缺点总结如下。

再缝合法保留扁桃体的口内径路茎突截短术

茎突过长症并非罕见病。对症状明显者,手术是主要的治疗方法,临床上多为经口内法行茎突截短术,传统手术需常规切除扁桃体。为了保护正常扁桃体的形态和功能,我科自2006年来尝试再缝合法保留扁桃体的口内径路茎突截短术治疗茎突过长症20例（26侧），获得成功，效果良好，现报道如下。

手术矫正鼻中隔偏曲治疗鼻源性头痛

我科观察了50例鼻中隔偏曲患者,对手术矫正鼻中隔偏曲治疗鼻源性头痛的疗效进行总结。 1资料与方法 1.1一般资料。鼻中隔偏曲患者共50例,男性32例,女性289）0，年龄14～55岁，平均32．5岁，患病时间3个月～8年。表现为额部、鼻根部以及颞侧的钝痛、胀痛，头痛与气候变化有较密切的关系。诊断标准。①经鼻镜、鼻内镜和鼻窦CT检查确诊鼻中隔偏曲；

以耳鼻咽喉科疾病住院治疗的艾滋病病毒感染者临床分析

云南省是全国艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染的高发省份,本院地处云南边陲,收治整个滇南地区患者,其中收治HIV感染患者几率大于他处。我科自2009年1月～2011年4月共收洽31例HIV感染者,现将其临床情况报道如下。

鼻用止血气囊在鼻内镜术后止血中的应用

因鼻腔鼻窦解剖的特殊性,经鼻内镜术后术腔需填塞止血。目前主流止血材料以凡士林纱条和高分子止血海绵等为主,各有优缺点。我科自2007年8月～2009年8月使用自制鼻用止血气囊用于经鼻内镜术后止血120例,效果良好,现报道如下。

重视功能磁共振成像在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科临床和研究中的作用

MRI已广泛用于耳鼻咽喉头颈外科疾病诊治,并发挥了非常重要的作用。本期专题发表的《阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者上气道MRI测量值与其病情严重程度的相关性研究》[1]及《阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者自然睡眠时上气道及相关结构电影磁共振测量研究》[2]表明上气道MRI测量为制定阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）治疗和手术方案提供了重要的参考依据。

埃索美拉唑钠预防咽喉肿瘤术后并发应激性溃疡出血的研究

我们对80例咽喉肿瘤术后患者分别采用埃索美拉唑和泮托拉唑进行应激性溃疡出血预防性治疗的对比研究。1资料与方法1.1一般资料。选择2011年2月～11月我科咽喉肿瘤患者80例,随机分为2组,治疗组40例,男36例,女4例,平均年龄57.2岁;对照组40例,男35例,女5例,平均年龄59.8岁。两组患者年龄、性别、病种、手术时间、吸烟史、饮酒史比较差异无明显差异。

获得性免疫缺陷综合征患者耳鼻咽喉头颈外科手术临床分析

近年来随着高效抗逆转录病毒治疗的推广应用,获得性免疫缺陷综合征（acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS）患者生存质量很大改善,寿命也得到大幅延长。但随着生存的AIDS人数增多,因AIDS合并外科疾病对手术治疗的需求也不断增多。据报道,AIDS患者并发耳鼻咽喉头颈部疾病的发病率为40%-60%[5]。

复发性多软骨炎1例

复发性多软骨炎（relapsing polychondritis,RP）是一种罕见的、反复发作的累及多部位软骨的进行性炎性破坏性疾病。主要表现以耳、鼻、喉、气管软骨的炎症、塌陷为特征。本文报道1例典型病例,为该病的早期诊断提供思路。临床资料患者,女,40岁,反复发作双眼结膜炎、巩膜炎、虹膜炎、视网膜病变,并逐渐出现视力下降,多次就诊于眼科并给予对症治疗。1年后逐渐出现鞍鼻畸形,

鼻内镜及咽部手术后并发脑梗塞2例

脑梗塞是由于脑组织局部供血动脉血流的突然减少或停止,造成该血管供血区域的脑组织缺血、缺氧导致脑组织坏死、软化,并伴有相应部位临床表现的脑卒中类疾病,死亡率、致残率高（[1,2]）。Fujita等开创鼾症治疗的手术方式——悬雍垂腭咽成形术（UPPP）（[3]）,已普遍用于临床。Kennedy提出鼻内镜手术已成为鼻-鼻窦炎常规术式。