The large demand for drinking water in Oumé Department in the Centre western of Cote d’Ivoire is supplied from groundwater sources. This study investigated the geochemical assessment of groundwater quality in Ou...The large demand for drinking water in Oumé Department in the Centre western of Cote d’Ivoire is supplied from groundwater sources. This study investigated the geochemical assessment of groundwater quality in Oumé Department by using a hydrochemical approach with graphical and self-organizing maps (SOM) neural network methods. It was carried out for identifying the hydrogeochemical processes related to groundwater quality, conducting a hydrochemical evaluation of the aquifer systems and delineating the various factors controlling the water chemistry and general suitability for drinking purposes. To reach these goals, groundwater was sampled from 91 locations. Results indicated that the groundwater sampled is acid (pH 4.27 - 7.10) and was weakly fairly mineralised with electrical conductivity values obtained in the range of 95 - 1071 μS·cm-1. All calcium (6.8 - 127.59 mg·L-1), magnesium (1.08 - 29.00 mg·L-1), sulphate (0 - 74.9 mg·L-1), chloride (1.2 - 89.8 mg·L-1), sodium (1.2 - 94.27 mg·L-1) and potassium (0.05 - 23.65 mg·L-1) concentrations and almost nitrate concentrations were within of the recent acceptability and healthbased of drinking-water guidelines set by World Health Organization (WHO). Moreover eleven sampling sites only have concentrations of iron above 0.3 mg·L-1 which can stain laundry and cause taste. In the water points, hydrochemical facies was calcium-bicarbonate (Ca-HCO3) type which generally shows less-polluted water quality. Based on pattern analysis, the inter-relationships among the groundwater quality variables due to the contact with different geological formations on the basis of rocks basicity and acidity were extracted and interpreted.展开更多
Water is undoubtedly the most vital natural resource. Water use management is one of the greatest challenges that face humanity. The demand for water is continuously growing because of the population growth, the inten...Water is undoubtedly the most vital natural resource. Water use management is one of the greatest challenges that face humanity. The demand for water is continuously growing because of the population growth, the intensive urbanization and the development of industrial and agricultural activities. To face the increasing pressure on this vital resource, it is so necessary to set up the adequate instruments to ensure a rational and efficient management of this resource. In this context, the hydrological modeling is largely used as an instrument to assess the functioning of these resources at watershed scale. In addition, the use of spatial models let to depict and simulate the watershed processes at small spatial and heterogeneous scales that reflect the field reality more accurate and more realistic as possible. However, the use of spatial models requires geospatial data that must be gathered at very fine scales. The aim of this study is to highlight the contribution of geospatial data to assess the hydrologic modeling of watershed by using a spatial hydro-agricultural model, notably the SWAT model (Soil and water Assessment Tool). The study area is the Basin of Low Oum Er Rbiaa River which extends from the Al Massira dam to its outlet in the Atlantic Ocean. This watershed includes a set of dams (Daourat, Imfout and Sidi Maachou) built in waterfall fashion along the river. The objective was to simulate the hydrological functioning of this area that had never been modeled in order to assess the management of these reservoirs used essentially to produce electricity and fresh water. The implementation of the SWAT model required a spatial database that was built from topography, soil, land use and climate data. The calibration and validation of the model was carried out on a daily basis over several years (2001-2010) using The ArcSWAT tool integrated in ArcGIS software and the Parasol optimization method. The calibration of SWAT model was successfully done with 0.6 as value of Nash coefficient used commonly in hydrology to evaluate the model performance. The calibrated model was then used to estimate the hydrological balance sheet of the Low Oum Er Rbiaa to model the intermediate contribution of the three reservoirs situated in the watershed.展开更多
In recent years, climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing environmental issues globally. Morocco, like many other countries, has been significantly affected by these changes, particularly over the past d...In recent years, climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing environmental issues globally. Morocco, like many other countries, has been significantly affected by these changes, particularly over the past decade. In this context, we aim to examine the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall as a hydrological indicator to understand its impact on the hydrological dynamics of the upper Oum Er-Rbia basin. The Oum Er-Rbia basin is one of the largest watersheds in Morocco in terms of water resources, after the Sebou basin. Besides, the studied area covers an area of 6965 km2. The altitudes are between 2410 m and 415 m. Oum Er-Rbia river takes its source from the Middle Atlas at 2400 m altitude and crosses the Middle Atlas range, the Tadla plain. It shows diversity in relief with diverse structural forms. It is fed by several permanent and seasonal tributaries. The present study consists of analyzing the variations of rainfall events through a statistical analysis of rainfall data provided by the reference stations in the Upper Oum Erbia basin for a chronicle of (1934-2023), and spatializing the precipitation at different scales, annual and monthly, through the rainfall data, provided by 33 rainfall stations, with a chronicle of 30 years, inter-station period (1984-2013). From a methodological point of view, this study places us within a palette of concepts of spatialization that are said to be normative or traditional and are part of the set of methods existing in the field of spatialization. The main objective of this paper is to extract all the information that can inform us about the rainfall characteristics of this period, to determine the rainfall trends and to identify the spatial and temporal rainfall distributions. All this is in order to follow, understand and determine the nature of the impact of climate variability on the hydrological functioning in the upper basin of Oum Er-Rbia.展开更多
This study falls within the framework of a partnership project between Lyonnaise des Eaux de Casablanca (LYDEC) and HassanⅡUniversity in Casablanca.It’s overall objective is to evaluate the organoleptic quality of w...This study falls within the framework of a partnership project between Lyonnaise des Eaux de Casablanca (LYDEC) and HassanⅡUniversity in Casablanca.It’s overall objective is to evaluate the organoleptic quality of water feeding the great Wilaya of Casablanca.The project has set specific targets based on monitoring water quality in the different levels of the chain of展开更多
The aim of this study is to assess the spatial and temporal water quality variation and to determine the main contamination sources in the Oum Er Rbia River and its main tributary,El Abid River.The water quality data ...The aim of this study is to assess the spatial and temporal water quality variation and to determine the main contamination sources in the Oum Er Rbia River and its main tributary,El Abid River.The water quality data were collected during 2000-2012 from fourteen sampling stations distributed along the river.The water quality indicators used were TEMP,pH,EC,turbidity,TSS,DO,NH_(4)^(+),NH_(3)^(-),TP,BOD5,COD and F.coli.The water quality data was analyzed using multivariate statistical methods including Pearson's correlation,PCA,and CA.The results showed that in some stations the water quality parameters were over Moroccan water standards.PCA applied to compare the compositional patterns among the analyzed water samples,identified and four factors accounting for almost 63% of the total variation in the data.This suggests that the variations in water compounds’concentration are mainly related to point source contamination(domestic and industrial wastewater),non-point source contamination(agriculture activities),as well as natural processes(weathering of soil and rock).CA showed relatively spatial and seasonal changes in surface water quality,which are usually indicators of contamination with rainfalls or other sources.Overall,this study showed that the water was potentially hazardous to health of the consumers and highlighted the need to treat industrial and municipal wastewater and to encourage sustainable agricultural practices to prevent adverse health effects.We therefore suggest wise management of anthropogenic activities in the catchment of Oum Er Bia River and their tributaries.展开更多
文摘The large demand for drinking water in Oumé Department in the Centre western of Cote d’Ivoire is supplied from groundwater sources. This study investigated the geochemical assessment of groundwater quality in Oumé Department by using a hydrochemical approach with graphical and self-organizing maps (SOM) neural network methods. It was carried out for identifying the hydrogeochemical processes related to groundwater quality, conducting a hydrochemical evaluation of the aquifer systems and delineating the various factors controlling the water chemistry and general suitability for drinking purposes. To reach these goals, groundwater was sampled from 91 locations. Results indicated that the groundwater sampled is acid (pH 4.27 - 7.10) and was weakly fairly mineralised with electrical conductivity values obtained in the range of 95 - 1071 μS·cm-1. All calcium (6.8 - 127.59 mg·L-1), magnesium (1.08 - 29.00 mg·L-1), sulphate (0 - 74.9 mg·L-1), chloride (1.2 - 89.8 mg·L-1), sodium (1.2 - 94.27 mg·L-1) and potassium (0.05 - 23.65 mg·L-1) concentrations and almost nitrate concentrations were within of the recent acceptability and healthbased of drinking-water guidelines set by World Health Organization (WHO). Moreover eleven sampling sites only have concentrations of iron above 0.3 mg·L-1 which can stain laundry and cause taste. In the water points, hydrochemical facies was calcium-bicarbonate (Ca-HCO3) type which generally shows less-polluted water quality. Based on pattern analysis, the inter-relationships among the groundwater quality variables due to the contact with different geological formations on the basis of rocks basicity and acidity were extracted and interpreted.
文摘Water is undoubtedly the most vital natural resource. Water use management is one of the greatest challenges that face humanity. The demand for water is continuously growing because of the population growth, the intensive urbanization and the development of industrial and agricultural activities. To face the increasing pressure on this vital resource, it is so necessary to set up the adequate instruments to ensure a rational and efficient management of this resource. In this context, the hydrological modeling is largely used as an instrument to assess the functioning of these resources at watershed scale. In addition, the use of spatial models let to depict and simulate the watershed processes at small spatial and heterogeneous scales that reflect the field reality more accurate and more realistic as possible. However, the use of spatial models requires geospatial data that must be gathered at very fine scales. The aim of this study is to highlight the contribution of geospatial data to assess the hydrologic modeling of watershed by using a spatial hydro-agricultural model, notably the SWAT model (Soil and water Assessment Tool). The study area is the Basin of Low Oum Er Rbiaa River which extends from the Al Massira dam to its outlet in the Atlantic Ocean. This watershed includes a set of dams (Daourat, Imfout and Sidi Maachou) built in waterfall fashion along the river. The objective was to simulate the hydrological functioning of this area that had never been modeled in order to assess the management of these reservoirs used essentially to produce electricity and fresh water. The implementation of the SWAT model required a spatial database that was built from topography, soil, land use and climate data. The calibration and validation of the model was carried out on a daily basis over several years (2001-2010) using The ArcSWAT tool integrated in ArcGIS software and the Parasol optimization method. The calibration of SWAT model was successfully done with 0.6 as value of Nash coefficient used commonly in hydrology to evaluate the model performance. The calibrated model was then used to estimate the hydrological balance sheet of the Low Oum Er Rbiaa to model the intermediate contribution of the three reservoirs situated in the watershed.
文摘In recent years, climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing environmental issues globally. Morocco, like many other countries, has been significantly affected by these changes, particularly over the past decade. In this context, we aim to examine the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall as a hydrological indicator to understand its impact on the hydrological dynamics of the upper Oum Er-Rbia basin. The Oum Er-Rbia basin is one of the largest watersheds in Morocco in terms of water resources, after the Sebou basin. Besides, the studied area covers an area of 6965 km2. The altitudes are between 2410 m and 415 m. Oum Er-Rbia river takes its source from the Middle Atlas at 2400 m altitude and crosses the Middle Atlas range, the Tadla plain. It shows diversity in relief with diverse structural forms. It is fed by several permanent and seasonal tributaries. The present study consists of analyzing the variations of rainfall events through a statistical analysis of rainfall data provided by the reference stations in the Upper Oum Erbia basin for a chronicle of (1934-2023), and spatializing the precipitation at different scales, annual and monthly, through the rainfall data, provided by 33 rainfall stations, with a chronicle of 30 years, inter-station period (1984-2013). From a methodological point of view, this study places us within a palette of concepts of spatialization that are said to be normative or traditional and are part of the set of methods existing in the field of spatialization. The main objective of this paper is to extract all the information that can inform us about the rainfall characteristics of this period, to determine the rainfall trends and to identify the spatial and temporal rainfall distributions. All this is in order to follow, understand and determine the nature of the impact of climate variability on the hydrological functioning in the upper basin of Oum Er-Rbia.
文摘This study falls within the framework of a partnership project between Lyonnaise des Eaux de Casablanca (LYDEC) and HassanⅡUniversity in Casablanca.It’s overall objective is to evaluate the organoleptic quality of water feeding the great Wilaya of Casablanca.The project has set specific targets based on monitoring water quality in the different levels of the chain of
文摘The aim of this study is to assess the spatial and temporal water quality variation and to determine the main contamination sources in the Oum Er Rbia River and its main tributary,El Abid River.The water quality data were collected during 2000-2012 from fourteen sampling stations distributed along the river.The water quality indicators used were TEMP,pH,EC,turbidity,TSS,DO,NH_(4)^(+),NH_(3)^(-),TP,BOD5,COD and F.coli.The water quality data was analyzed using multivariate statistical methods including Pearson's correlation,PCA,and CA.The results showed that in some stations the water quality parameters were over Moroccan water standards.PCA applied to compare the compositional patterns among the analyzed water samples,identified and four factors accounting for almost 63% of the total variation in the data.This suggests that the variations in water compounds’concentration are mainly related to point source contamination(domestic and industrial wastewater),non-point source contamination(agriculture activities),as well as natural processes(weathering of soil and rock).CA showed relatively spatial and seasonal changes in surface water quality,which are usually indicators of contamination with rainfalls or other sources.Overall,this study showed that the water was potentially hazardous to health of the consumers and highlighted the need to treat industrial and municipal wastewater and to encourage sustainable agricultural practices to prevent adverse health effects.We therefore suggest wise management of anthropogenic activities in the catchment of Oum Er Bia River and their tributaries.
