Out of hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation outcome in North India—CARO study

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) in out-ofhospital cardiac arrests(OHCA) in India and factors infl uencing the outcome.METHODS: The outcome and related factors like demographics, aspects of the OHCA event, return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC) and survival to discharge, among the 80 adult patients presenting to emergency department experiencing OHCA considered for resuscitation between January 2014 to April 2015, were analyzed, according to the guidelines of the Utstein consensus conference.RESULTS: The survival rate to hospital admission was 32.5%, the survival rate to hospital discharge was 8.8% and with good cerebral performance category(CPC1) neurological status was 3.8%. Majority of OHCA was seen in elderly individuals between 51 to 60 years, predominately in males. Majority of OHCA were witnessed arrests(56.5%) with 1.3% bystander CPR rate, 92.5% arrests occurred at home, 96% presented with initial non-shockable rhythm and 92.5% with presumed cardiac etiology but survival was better in those who experienced OHCA at public place, in witnessed arrests, in patients who had shockable presenting rhythm and in those where CPR duration was ≤20 minutes.CONCLUSION: Witnessed arrests, early initiation of CPR by bystanders, CPR duration ≤20 minutes, initial presenting shockable rhythm, OHCA with non-cardiac etiology are associated with a good outcome. To improve the outcome of CPR and the low survival rates after an OHCA event in India, focused strategies should be designed to set up an emergency medical system(EMS), to boost the rates of bystander CPR and education of the lay public in basic CPR.

Epinephrine in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest:A critical review

BACKGROUND： Epinephrine is recommended in advanced cardiac life support guidelines for use in adult cardiac arrest, and has been used in cardiopulmonary resuscitation since 1896. Yet, despite its long time use and incorporation into guidelines, epinephrine suffers from a paucity of evidence regarding its influence on survival. This critical review was conducted to address the knowledge deficit regarding epinephrine in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and its effect on return of spontaneous circulation, survival to hospital discharge, and neurological performance. METHODS： The EMBASE and MEDLINE （through the Pubmed interface） databases, and the Cochrane library were searched with the key words ＂epinephrine＂, ＂cardiac arrest＂ and variations of these terms. Original research studies concerning epinephrine use in adult, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were selected for further review. RESULTS： The search yielded nine eligible studies based on inclusion criteria. This includes five prospective cohort studies, one retrospective cohort study, one survival analysis, one case control study, and one RCT. The evidence clearly establishes an association between epinephrine and increased return of spontaneous circulation, the data were conflicting concerning survival to hospital discharge and neurological outcome. CONCLUSIONS： The results of this review exhibit the paucity of evidence regarding the use of epinephrine in out of hospital cardiac arrest. There is currently insufficient evidence to support or reject its administration during resuscitation. Larger sample, placebo controlled, double blind, randomized control trials need to be performed to definitively establish the effect of epinephrine on both survival to hospital discharge and the neurological outcomes of treated patients.

Coronary Angiography in Patients with and without STEMI Following Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Introduction: Little is known about discrepancies between patients who present with or without STEMI following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Material and Methods: All patients with OHCA who were admitted to our hospital between January 1st 2008 and December 31st 2013 were classified according to their initial laboratory and electrocardiographic findings into STEMI, NSTEMI or no ACS. Results: Overall, 147 patients [32 STEMI (21.8%), 28 NSTEMI (19.0%) and 87 no ACS (59.2%)] were included with a mean age of 63.7 ± 13.3 years;there were 84 men (57.1%) and 63 (42.9%) women. Of these, 63 patients (51.7%) received coronary angiography [29 STEMI (90.6%), 9 NSTEMI (32.1%) and 38 no ACS (43.7%)] showing a high prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) [28 STEMI (96.6%), 9 NSTEMI (100.0%) and 26 no ACS (68.4%)] requiring percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in 52 cases [28 STEMI (96.6%), 8 NSTEMI (88.9%) and 16 no ACS (42.1%)]. Discussion: Coronary angiography immediately after hospital admission is feasible if all are prepared for potential further resuscitation efforts during cardiac catheterization. Primary focus on haemodynamic stabilisation may reduce the rates of coronary angiographies in patients following OHCA. Altogether, our data support the call for immediate coronary angiography in all patients following OHCA irrespective of their initial laboratory or electrocardiographic findings.

Association between the Consumption of Carbonated Beverages and Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests of Cardiac Origin in Japan

Background: The consumption of carbonated beverages has been shown to increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The associations between the consumption of carbonated beverages and left arterial dimension or left ventricular mass are believed to be likely related to the greater body weight of carbonated beverage drinkers relative to non-drinkers. Nonetheless, little is known about the association between the consumption of carbonated beverages and out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) in Japan. Methods: We compared the age-adjusted incidence of OHCAs to the expenditures on various beverages per person between 2005 and 2011 in the 47 prefectures of Japan. Patients who suffered from OHCAs of cardiac and non-cardiac origin were enrolled in All-Japan Utstein Registry of the Fire and Disaster Management Agency. The expenditures on various beverages per person in the 47 prefectures in Japan were obtained from data published by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan. Results: There were 797,422 cases of OHCA in the All-Japan Utstein registry between 2005 and 2011, including 11,831 cases who did not receive resuscitation. Among these 785,591 cases of OHCA, 435,064 (55.4%) were classified as cardiac origin and 350,527 (44.6%) were non-cardiac origin. Non-cardiac origin included cerebrovascular disease, respiratory disease, malignant tumor, and exogenous disease (4.8%, 6.1%, 3.5%, and 18.9%, respectively). The expenditures on carbonated beverages were significantly associated with OHCAs of cardiac origin (r = 0.30, p = 0.04), but not non-cardiac origin (r = -0.03, p = 0.8). Expenditures on other beverages, including green tea, tea, coffee, cocoa, fruit or vegetable juice, fermented milk beverage, milk beverage, and mineral water, were not significantly associated with OHCAs of cardiac origin. Conclusion: Carbonated beverage consumption was significantly and positively associated with OHCAs of cardiac origin in Japan, indicating that beverage habits might play a role in OHCAs of cardiac origin.

Outcome of In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Adult General Wards

Objective: Few studies have focused on factors influencing outcomes of patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in general wards. The goal of this study was to report the outcomes of adult patients with IHCA in the general wards and identified the prognostic factors. Methods: Adult patients with IHCA having received cardiopulmonary resuscitation in general wards from January 2008 to December 2011 were retrospectively reviewed from our registry system. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge, while the secondary outcome was sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Results: A total of 544 general ward patients were analyzed for event variables and resuscitation results. The rate of establishing a ROSC was 40.1% and the rate of survival to discharge was 5.1%. Ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) was the initial rhythm in 3.9% of patients. Pre-arrest factors including a high Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) ≥ 9 (OR 0.251, 95% CI 0.098 - 0.646), cardiac comorbidity (OR 0.612, 95% CI 0.401 - 0.933), and arrest time on the midnight shift (OR 0.403, 95% CI 0.252 - 0.642) were independently associated with a low possibility of ROSC. The initial VT/VF presenting rhythms (OR 0.135, 95% CI 0.030 - 0.601) were independently associated with a high survival rate, whereas patients with deteriorated disease course were independently associated with a decreased hospital survival (OR 3.902, 95% CI 1.619 - 9.403). Conclusions: We demonstrated that pre-arrest factors can predict patient outcome after IHCA in general wards, including the association of a CCI ≥ 9 and cardiac comorbidity with poor ROSC, and deteriorated disease course as an independent predictor of a low survival rate.

Are There Age-Related Differences in the In-Hospital Treatment of Victims from Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest?

Objective: Hardly anything is known about reasons for age-related differences in surviving out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with worse surviving rates in elderly. Methods: 204 victims from OHCA who were admitted in our hospital between January 1st 2008 and December 31st 2013 were identified. According to their mean age (69.1 ± 14.2 years) we classified those patients (pts) who were younger than mean age minus standard deviation (SD) as young, and those victims from OHCA who were older than mean age plus SD as old. Results: Young victims from OHCA (n = 32 pts) presented more often with an initial shockable rhythm than the elderly (n = 38 pts) (50.0% vs. 21.1%;p = 0.014), received more often coronary angiography (71.9% vs. 18.4%;

Effect of Airway Management and Impedance Threshold Device on Circulation, Survival and Neurological Outcome in Adult Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Purpose: This study was designed to study the effect of early use of the King Airway (KA) and impedance threshold device (ITD) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest on ETCO2 as a surrogate measure of circulation, survival, and cerebral performance category (CPC) scores. After analysis of the first 9 month active period the KA was relegated to rescue airway status. Methods: This was a prospective pre-post study design. Patients >18 years with out-of-hospital cardiac caused arrest were included. Three periods were compared. In the first “non active” period conventional AHA 30/2 compression/ventilation ratio CPR was done with bag mask ventilation (BMV). No ITD was used. After advanced airway placement the compression/ventilation ratio was 10/1. In the second period continuous compressions were done. Primary airway management was a KA with an ITD. After placement of the KA the compression/ventilation ratio was 10/1. In the third period CPR reverted to 30/2 ratio with a two hand seal BMV with ITD. CPR ratio was 10/1 post endotracheal intubation (ETI) or KA. The KA was only recommended for failed BMV and ETI. Results: Survival to hospital discharge was similar in all three study periods. In Period 2 there was a strong trend to CPC scores >2. The study group hypothesized that the KA interfered with cerebral blood flow. For that reason the KA was abandoned as a primary airway. Comparing Period 1 to Period 3 there was a trend to improved survival in the bystander witnessed shockable rhythm (Utstein) subgroup, particularly if a metronome was used. ETCO2 was significantly increased in Period 2 and trended up in Period 3 when compared to Period 1. Advanced airway intervention had a highly significant negative association with survival. Conclusion: The introduction of an ITD into our system did not result in a statistically significant improvement in survival. The study groups were somewhat dissimilar. ETCO2 trended up. When comparing Period 1 to Period 3, the bundle of care was associated with a trend towards increased survival in the Utstein subgroup, particularly with a metronome set at 100. Multiple confounders make a definitive conclusion impossible. Advanced airways showed a significant association with poor survival outcomes. The KA was additionally associated with poor neurologic outcomes.

Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio:A prognostic tool in patients with inhospital cardiac arrest

BACKGROUND In-hospital cardiac arrest(IHCA) portends a poor prognosis and survival to discharge rate. Prognostic markers such as interleukin-6, S-100 protein and high sensitivity C reactive protein have been studied as predictors of adverse outcomes after return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC); however; these variables are not routine laboratory tests and incur additional cost making them difficult to incorporate and less attractive in assessing patient's prognosis. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio(NLR) is a marker of adverse prognosis for many cardiovascular conditions and certain types of cancers and sepsis. We hypothesize that an elevated NLR is associated with poor outcomes including mortality at discharge in patients with IHCA.AIM To determine the prognostic significance of NLR in patients suffering IHCA who achieve ROSC.METHODS A retrospective study was performed on all patients who had IHCA with the advanced cardiac life support protocol administered in a large urban community United States hospital over a one-year period. Patients were divided into two groups based on their NLR value(NLR < 4.5 or NLR ≥ 4.5). This cutpoint was derived from receiving operator characteristic curve analysis(area under the curve = 0.66) and provided 73% positive predictive value, 82% sensitivity and42% specificity for predicting in-hospital death after IHCA. The primary outcome was death or discharge at 30 d, whichever came first.RESULTS We reviewed 153 patients with a mean age of 66.1 ± 16.3 years; 48% were female.In-hospital mortality occurred in 65%. The median NLR in survivors was 4.9(range 0.6-46.5) compared with 8.9(0.28-96) in non-survivors(P = 0.001). A multivariable logistic regression model demonstrated that an NLR above 4.55[odds ratio(OR) = 5.20, confidence interval(CI): 1.5-18.3, P = 0.01], older age(OR= 1.03, CI: 1.00-1.07, P = 0.05), and elevated serum lactate level(OR = 1.20, CI:1.03-1.40, P = 0.02) were independent predictors of death.CONCLUSION An NLR ≥ 4.5 may be a useful marker of increased risk of death in patients with IHCA.

Risk factors for adverse cardiac events in adults with fulminant myocarditis during hospitalization

BACKGROUND Fulminant myocarditis is the critical form of myocarditis that is often associated with heart failure, malignant arrhythmia, and circulatory failure. Patients with fulminant myocarditis who end up with severe multiple organic failure and death are not rare.AIM To analyze the predictors of in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE) in patients diagnosed with fulminant myocarditis.METHODS We included a cohort of adult patients diagnosed with fulminant myocarditis who were admitted to Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2007 to December2017. The primary endpoint was defined as in-hospital MACE, including death,cardiac arrest, cardiac shock, and ventricular fibrillation. Baseline demographics,clinical history, characteristics of electrocardiograph and ultrasonic cardiogram,laboratory examination, and treatment were recorded. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine risk factors for in-hospital MACE, and the variables were subsequently assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC).RESULTS The rate of in-hospital MACE was 40%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that baseline QRS duration > 120 ms was the independent risk factor for in-hospital MACE(odds ratio = 4.57, 95%CI: 1.23-16.94, P = 0.023). The AUC of QRS duration > 120 ms for predicting in-hospital MACE was 0.683(95%CI: 0.532-0.833, P = 0.03).CONCLUSION Patients with fulminant myocarditis has a poor outcome. Baseline QRS duration is the independent risk factor for poor outcome in those patients.

Do cardiopulmonary resuscitation real-time audiovisual feedback devices improve patient outcomes? A systematic review and metaanalysis

BACKGROUND Cardiac arrest is a leading cause of mortality in America and has increased in the incidence of cases over the last several years.Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)increases survival outcomes in cases of cardiac arrest;however,healthcare workers often do not perform CPR within recommended guidelines.Real-time audiovisual feedback(RTAVF)devices improve the quality of CPR performed.This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare the effect of RTAVF-assisted CPR with conventional CPR and to evaluate whether the use of these devices improved outcomes in both in-hospital cardiac arrest(IHCA)and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA)patients.AIM To identify the effect of RTAVF-assisted CPR on patient outcomes and CPR quality with in-and OHCA.METHODS We searched PubMed,SCOPUS,the Cochrane Library,and EMBASE from inception to July 27,2020,for studies comparing patient outcomes and/or CPR quality metrics between RTAVF-assisted CPR and conventional CPR in cases of IHCA or OHCA.The primary outcomes of interest were return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC)and survival to hospital discharge(SHD),with secondary outcomes of chest compression rate and chest compression depth.The methodo-logical quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and Cochrane Collaboration’s“risk of bias”tool.Data was analyzed using R statistical software 4.2.0.results were statistically significant if P<0.05.RESULTS Thirteen studies(n=17600)were included.Patients were on average 69±17.5 years old,with 7022(39.8%)female patients.Overall pooled ROSC in patients in this study was 37%(95%confidence interval=23%-54%).RTAVF-assisted CPR significantly improved ROSC,both overall[risk ratio(RR)1.17(1.001-1.362);P=0.048]and in cases of IHCA[RR 1.36(1.06-1.80);P=0.002].There was no significant improvement in ROSC for OHCA(RR 1.04;0.91-1.19;P=0.47).No significant effect was seen in SHD[RR 1.04(0.91-1.19);P=0.47]or chest compression rate[standardized mean difference(SMD)-2.1;(-4.6-0.5);P=0.09].A significant improvement was seen in chest compression depth[SMD 1.6;(0.02-3.1);P=0.047].CONCLUSION RTAVF-assisted CPR increases ROSC in cases of IHCA and chest compression depth but has no significant effect on ROSC in cases of OHCA,SHD,or chest compression rate.

杭州地区创伤性心脏骤停患者院前急救流行病学分析

目的分析2022年杭州院前创伤性心脏骤停(TCA)事件的流行病学特征。方法采用回顾性研究方法,采集2022年度杭州地区院外心脏骤停(OHCA)事件2737例,从中筛选TCA事件共298例,收集298例TCA患者年龄、性别、发生地、受伤类型、被目击情况、目击者施救、初始心律、院外除颤、院外气管插管、院外使用肾上腺素、急救反应时间等数据,并分析其对TCA患者预后的影响。结果298例TCA患者中位数年龄为49(31,61)岁,性别以男性为主,占66.78%;TCA事件多发生在公共场所,坠落伤多见,占56.04%;TCA事件多发生在5∶00~19∶59,尤其以5∶00~9∶59最多;TCA事件在四个季度均有发生,第二、三季度发病率相对较高,合计占比56.38%。298例TCA患者有复苏指征的共计145例(48.65%),仅7例(4.83%)患者院前自主循环恢复(ROSC)成功。目击者施救、钝性伤、患者初始心律为可除颤心律、院外除颤、院外气管插管、院外使用肾上腺素治疗、急救反应时间≤10 min对TCA患者ROSC成功有积极影响(χ^(2)分别=6.34、4.62、18.27、11.07、11.54、7.20、5.75,P均<0.05),患者年龄和调度员是否进行电话医学指导对TCA患者ROSC成功无影响(χ^(2)分别=0.07、0.42,P均>0.05)。结论TCA患者发病年龄小,以男性为主,发生场所多在公共场所,目前的复苏存活率存在较大改善空间,改善院外生存链的一系列因素如目击者基础生命支持的有效实施、院外及时除颤,积极进行高级心肺复苏,缩短急救反应时间有助于增加TCA患者的ROSC成功比例。

Impact of emergency percutaneous coronary intervention on outcomes of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients complicated by out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Background Cardiac arrest is one of the most serious complications of acute myocardial infarction （AMI）, especially in the out-of-hospital patients. There is no general consensus as to whether percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） is effective in treating ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） patients complicated by out-of-hospital cardiac arrest （OHCA）. In our study, we evaluated the efficacy of PCI in treating STEMI patients complicated by OHCA through observing their clinical conditions in hospital; including total mortality, adverse cardiac events, stroke, acute renal failure, and gastrointestinal bleeding events. Methods A total of 1827 STEMI patients were enrolled in this study, where 81 were STEMI with OHCA. Between the patients with and without OHCA, and the OHCA patients with and without PCI, we compared the clinical characteristics during hospitalization, including total mortality and incidences of adverse cardiac events, and stroke. Results Compared to the patients without OHCA, the OHCA patients had significantly lower systolic blood pressure （P 〈0.05） and a faster heart rate （P〈0.05）, and a higher percentage of Killip class IV or Glasgow coma scale （GCS） 〈7 on admission （P 〈0.001）. And the in-hospital mortality was higher in the OHCA patients （55.6% vs. 2.4%, P 〈0.001）. Comparing the OHCA patients without PCI to the patients with PCI, there was no obvious difference of heart rate, blood pressure or the percentage of Killip class IV and GCS -〈7 on admission, but the incidences of cardiogenic shock, stroke were significantly lower in the with-PCI group during hospitalization （P 〈0.001, P 〈0.05）. And the in-hospital mortality of the OHCA patients receiving PCI was significantly lower （36.7% vs. 84.3%, P 〈0.001）. Conclusions During hospitalization, the incidence of adverse events and mortality are higher in the STEMI with OHCA patients, comparing with the STEMI without OHCA. Emergency PCI reduces the incidence of adverse events and decreases mortality during hospitalization, which is effective for treating STEMI with OHCA patients.

Early Changes in Circulatory T Helper Type 1, 2, and 17 Cells of Patients with Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest after Successful Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Background： Immune disorder is an important feature of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest （OHCA） after the return of spontaneous circulation （ROSC）. We investigated the expression of circulatory T helper type （Th）1, Th2, and Th 17 cells to explore the early immune alteration in OHCA patients after ROSC. Methods： During July-September 2016 and March-September 2017, 65 consecutive OHCA patients with ROSC 〉 12 h and 30 healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. Clinical and 28-day survival data were collected. Peripheral blood samples were analyzed to evaluate the expression of Th1/Th2/Th 17 cells by flow cytometry from OHCA patients after ROSC on days l and 3 and from healthy individuals. Results： Compared with healthy individuals, T lymphocyte counts and Thl cell counts decreased on days 1 and 3 after ROSC （1464 [1198, 2152] vs. 779 [481, 1140] vs. 581 [324, 1118/μl,χ^2= 30.342, P 〈 0.001; 154 [90, 246] vs. 39 [19, 78] vs. 24 [12, 53]μl, χ^2 = 42.880, P〈 0.001）, and Th2 and Th17 cell counts decreased on day 3 （17.0 [10.8, 24.0] vs. 9.0 [3.0, 15.5]μl, Z= -3.228, P= 0.001; 4.7 [2.7, 9.1] vs. 2.7 [1.0, 6.5]μl, Z = -2.294, P = 0.022）. No change in CD4＋/CD3＋ lymphocyte ratio was seen on day 1 or day 3 （57.9 [49.4, 63.0] vs. 55.4 [46.5, 66.5] vs. 55.4 [50.2, 67.0]%, χ^2 = 0.171, P = 0.918）. Th1/CD4＋ lymphocyte ratio decreased on days 1 and 3 （19.0 [14.0, 24.9] vs. 9.3 [4.6, 13.9] vs. 9.5 [4.9, 13.6]%, χ^2= 25.754, P 〈 0.001）, and Th2/CD4＋ lymphocyte ratio increased on day 1 and decreased on day 3 （1.9 [1.2, 2.5] vs. 2.5 [1.6, 4.0] vs. 1.9 [1.6, 3.81%,χ^2= 6.913, P = 0.032）. Thl/Th2 cell ratio also decreased on both clays （9.4 [7.3, 13.5] vs. 3.1 [1.9, 5.6] vs. 4.2 [2.8, 5.9], χ^2 = 44.262, P 〈 0.001 ）. Despite an upward trend in the median of Th 17/CD4＋ lymphocyte ratio in OHCA patients, there was no significant difference compared with healthy individuals （0.9 [0.4, 1.2] vs. 0.7 [0.4, 1.2] vs. 0.6 [0.3, 1.01%, χ^2= 2.620, P = 0.270）. The dynamic expression of Th1/Th2/Th 17 cells on days 1 and 3 were simultaneously analyzed in 28/53 OHCA patients who survived 〉3 days; patients were divided into survivors （n = 10） and nonsurvivors （n = 18） based on 28-day survival. No significant differences in Th1/Th2/Th 17 cell counts, ratios in CD4＋ lymphocytes, and Th1/Th2 cell ratio were seen between survivors and nonsurvivors on both days （all P 〉 0.05）. There was no difference over time in both survivors and nonsurvivors （all P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： Downregulated T lymphocyte counts, including Th1/Th2/Th17 subsets and Th1/Th2 cell ratio imbalance, occur in the early period after ROSC, that may be involved in immune dysfunction in OHCA patients.

早期气管插管对成人院内心搏骤停患者自主循环恢复及存活出院率的影响

目的分析早期气管插管对成人院内心搏骤停(IHCA)患者自主循环恢复(ROSC)及存活出院率的影响。方法选取2019年11月至2020年10月在安徽医科大学第一附属医院发生院内心搏骤停的423例患者,根据抢救期间是否行气管插管分为气管插管组(263例)和非气管插管组(160例),其中气管插管组又分为15分钟内气管插管组(118例)和超过15分钟气管插管组(145例)。采用单因素比较和多因素logistic回归分析15分钟内气管插管组、超过15分钟气管插管组与非气管插管组患者ROSC和存活出院率的差异及相关影响因素。结果15分钟内气管插管组118例患者中ROSC的患者为36例,恢复率为30.51%;超过15分钟气管插管组145例患者中ROSC的患者为43例,恢复率为29.65%;而非气管插管组160例患者中ROSC的患者为30例,恢复率为18.75%,15分钟内气管插管组、超过15分钟气管插管组与非气管插管组患者恢复率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。15分钟内气管插管组118例患者中存活出院为55例,存活出院率为46.61%;超过15分钟气管插管组145例患者中存活出院为48例,存活出院率为33.10%;而非气管插管组160例患者中存活出院为49例,存活出院率为30.63%,15分钟内气管插管组与非气管插管组患者存活出院率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示患者的初始心率、是否有旁观者、15分钟内气管插管、长期居住地、有无入住ICU、是否存在低血压/休克、是否存在严重创伤,均是影响患者存活出院率的因素。结论气管插管时机影响成人IHCA患者ROSC及存活出院率,其中15分钟内气管插管组的ROSC率和存活出院率均高于非气管插管组。

不同气道管理方法对院外心搏骤停患者复苏效果影响的Meta分析

目的使用荟萃分析对气管内插管(ETI)和声门上气道(SGA)两种气道管理方法在院外心搏骤停患者心肺复苏中的应用效果进行分析,对比二者之间的应用效果差异,为院外心搏骤停的急救提供参考。方法对多个医学数据库内气道管理在院外心搏骤停患者中的应用效果研究相关文献进行检索和收集,日期为数据库建库至2023年6月。按照研究目标和需求进行文献筛选和纳入。对纳入的文献进行质量评价、风险质量评估和结局指标对比研究。本次研究的结局指标主要是心搏骤停患者自主循环恢复(ROSC)率、入院时存活率、出院时存活率、出院后神经功能完整性;次要观察指标为ETI/SGA相关并发症。对纳入文献进行敏感性和异质性分析,探究纳入文献的偏倚性。结果本次研究共纳入文献16篇,文献中除1项为随机对照实验外均为队列研究。两组患者的基本信息相似,均衡可比。研究结果显示院外心搏骤停患者接受ETI可明显提高自主循环恢复率,入院存活率,且患者出院后神经功能完整性更好(P<0.05),但出院后存活率两种气道管理方式无明显差异(P>0.05)。气道管理的并发症相对较少,研究显示气道管理方式与并发症发生率无明显影响(P>0.05)。结论对比两种气道管理方式,ETI在维护患者自主循环、入院存活率及出院后神经功能方面表现更好,其他方面无明显差异,提示在院外心搏骤停患者的治疗中可以有限选择ETI气道管理方式,以更好地降低心搏骤停患者的病死率和致残率。

体外心肺复苏对院外心脏骤停患者神经功能结局影响的研究进展

对于院外心脏骤停患者,体外心肺复苏能提供更有效的治疗,为患者争取更多生存机会及更好的神经功能结局。本文将从院外心脏骤停体外心肺复苏后神经功能结局、影响神经功能结局的因素这两个方面进行论述。

杭州市自动体外除颤器智能管理系统设计与应用

目的:协助公众准确快速获取自动体外除颤器(AED)进行救援,实现对杭州市公共场所AED的便捷、科学和高效运维管理。方法:从公众、卫生健康部门、配置单位、AED厂商和急救中心等多个视角,针对AED使用、管理和运维等方面存在的问题,全面梳理业务流程和功能需求,设计和应用自动体外除颤器智能化管理系统,形成智能化解决方案。结果:2022年7月1日至2023年12月31日,全市公共场所共7 486台AED接入系统。系统具备公众查找AED,AED异常状态预警、巡检维护、记录救治信息、线上线下监管等功能,并与120调度指挥系统、互联急救系统互联互通。结论:AED智能管理系统的应用,实现了杭州市公共场所AED统一规范管理和有效运维,完善了立体化应急救援体系,确保AED处于随时可用状态,可帮助公众准确快速获取AED实施救援。

急救无人机在院外心肺复苏中的应用研究进展

院外心搏骤停(OHCA)是常见致死原因,急救无人机携带自动体外除颤器(AED),可以快速到达OHCA患者身旁,交付AED,缩短心肺复苏(CPR)时间,提高生存率,改善患者预后。本文回顾近年来国内外急救无人机在院外心肺复苏中应用的研究进展,探讨急救无人机的优缺点,为未来我国急救无人机技术的广泛推广提供参考。

复苏后良好结局评分对心脏骤停患者院内结局的预测价值

目的 探讨复苏后良好结局评分(GOFAR)对院外心脏骤停(OHCA)患者自主循环恢复(ROSC)的预测价值。方法 本研究为回顾性研究,选择2022年4月至2024年3月丽水市中心医院收治的OHCA患者114例为研究对象,按ROSC与否分为ROSC组(n=34)和未ROSC组(n=80)。通过本医院信息管理系统收集患者数据包括年龄、性别、合并糖尿病、合并高血压、合并冠心病、初始监测心律、无复流时间、肾上腺素用量及亚低温治疗等。统计患者入院后首次检查实验室指标结果,包括心率、体温、呼吸频率、平均动脉压(MAP)及血乳酸(Lac)水平。统计患者复苏后良好结局(GOFAR)评分。结果 未ROSC组患者年龄、无复流时间、GOFAR评分和Lac与ROSC组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄(OR=1.331,95%CI 1.022~1.734)、无复流时间(OR=1.842,95%CI 1.305~2.601)、GOFAR评分(OR=3.709,95%CI 2.250~6.114)和Lac(OR=2.051,95%CI 1.441~2.919)是OHCA患者ROSC的影响因素(P均<0.05);年龄、无复流时间、GOFAR评分和Lac预测OHCA患者ROSC的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.839、0.795、0.916和0.886,其中GOFAR评分AUC最高,其敏感度为90.58%,特异度为84.56%(95%CI 0.866~0.983)。结论 年龄、无复流时间、GOFAR评分和Lac是OHCA患者ROSC的独立影响因素,GOFAR评分可较好实现ROSC的预测。

院内心脏骤停后自主循环恢复患者短期预后的危险因素与列线图预测模型构建

目的 探讨院内心脏骤停(in-hospital cardiac arrest,IHCA)后自主循环恢复(restoration of spontaneous circulation,ROSC)患者短期预后的危险因素,并构建其预后的列线图预测模型。方法 选取2020年6月至2023年10月就诊于长治市人民医院重症医学科IHCA后ROSC的126例患者,根据7 d预后情况分为生存组(n=42)和死亡组(n=84)。收集并比较两组患者的基线临床资料及相关研究指标。采用Logistic回归分析筛查影响IHCA患者7 d预后的相关因素,最后构建IHCA患者7 d死亡的列线图预测模型,使用C指数、校准曲线和决策曲线分析(DCA)对预测模型进行评价。结果 126例患者中7 d死亡患者84例,病死率为66.67%。两组间急性生理学与慢性健康状况评价Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分差异有统计学意义,死亡组显著升高(P<0.05)。进一步比较发现,与生存组比较,死亡组Lac 6 h显著升高、CPR持续时间更长(均P<0.05),同时,死亡组留置有创动脉导管、可除颤心律及肾上腺素用量<5 mg的人数显著减少(均P<0.05)。单因素Logistic回归分析提示,APACHEⅡ评分、6 h Lac、CPR持续时间及有创动脉、可除颤心律、肾上腺素用量是IHCA患者7 d死亡的相关危险因素,进一步多因素Logistic回归分析后提示6 h Lac(OR=1.243,95%CI 1.085~1.425)、有创动脉(OR=5.839,95%CI 1.820~18.734)、CPR持续时间(OR=1.084,95%CI 1.023~1.148)、可除颤心律(OR=9.418,95%CI 2.596~34.172)和肾上腺素用量(OR=4.366,95%CI 1.178~16.182)仍是影响患者预后的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。最后,基于上述指标构建的列线图模型C指数为0.931,区分度好,H-L拟合优度检验P>0.05,且校正曲线接近于理想曲线,校准度高。DCA曲线分析进一步证实该预测模型有良好的临床应用价值。结论 基于6 h Lac、有创动脉、CPR持续时间、可除颤心律和肾上腺素用量构建的列线图预测模型可用于评估IHCA后ROSC患者7 d的死亡风险。