Assessment of Breast Cancer Prevention Practices among Women Attending Primary Health Care in Abha City, Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, with breast cancer being the most common (2.26 million new cases and 685,000 deaths). In Saudi Arabia, breast cancer ranked the first among females in 2014, accounting for 15.9% of all cancers reported among Saudi nationals and 28.7% of all cancers reported among females of all ages. Early detection of breast cancer could decrease the risks, have a better prognosis, and have better outcomes/more successful treatments. Prevalence of breast cancer reached more than 25% of all diagnosed cancer in the kingdom among women. Aim: This study aims to assess the knowledge and performance of women attending primary care centers about breast self-examination and mammogram screening for prevention and early detection of breast cancer in Abha city primary healthcare centers, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Research Method: cross sectional design was conducted by using questionnaire, which was distributed to primary care center nurses. The collected data was statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 25. Results: The study found that participants had poor awareness and knowledge about breast self-examination, risk factors for breast cancer, and trends and practices in early diagnosis of breast cancer. Conclusion and Recommendations: It recommends increasing awareness campaigns and providing educational programs to improve knowledge and practices.

Literature review and analysis of the development of health outcomes assessment instruments in Chinese medicine

OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the development of health outcomes assessment instruments in Chinese medicine. METHODS： A comprehensive literature search for all published articles in China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Chongqing VIP Database and WANFANG Data was conducted. The studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to extract information according to a predesigned assessment instrument. RESULTS： A total of 97 instruments for health outcome assessment in Chinese medicine were identified. Of these questionnaires, 7 were generic, 12 were condition-specific and 78 were disease-specific. All instruments were suitable for adults, children, and both men and women. These instruments aimed to evaluate the health-related quality of life, signs and symptoms as well as patient satisfaction and doctor-reported outcome. However, the descriptions were poorly constructed for some of the most basic parameters, such as the domains and items, administrative mode, response options, memory recall periods, burden evaluation, format, copyright, content validity, and other properties. CONCLUSION： The instrument development for health outcomes assessment in Chinese medicine is increasing rapidly; however, there are many limitations in current methodologies and standards, and further studies are needed.

Literature review and analysis of the application of health outcome assessment instruments in Chinese medicine

OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the application of health assessment instruments in Chinese medicine. METHODS： According to a pre-defined search strategy, a comprehensive literature search for all articles published in China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases was conducted. The resulting articles that met the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were used for analysis. RESULTS： A total of 97 instruments for health outcome assessment in Chinese medicine have been used in fundamental and theoretical research, and 14 of these were also used in 29 clinical trials that were randomized controlled trials, or descriptive or cross-sectional studies. In 2 152 Chinese medicine-based studies that used instruments in their methodology, more than 150 questionnaires were identified. Among the identified questionnaires, 51 were used in more than 10 articles （0.5%）. Most of these instruments were developed in Western countries and few studies （4%） used the instrument as the primary evidence for their conclusions. CONCLUSION： Usage of instruments for health outcome assessment in Chinese medicine is increasing rapidly; however, current limitations include selection rationale, result interpretation and standardization, which must be addressed accordingly.

Hepatitis C risk assessment,testing and referral for treatment in urban primary care:Role of race and ethnicity

AIM: To determine rates of hepatitis C (HCV) risk factor ascertainment, testing, and referral in urban primary care practices, with particular attention to the effect of race and ethnicity. METHODS: Retrospective chart review from four primary care sites in Philadelphia; two academic primary care practices and two community clinics was performed. Demographics, HCV risk factors, and other risk exposure information were collected. RESULTS: Four thousand four hundred and seven charts were reviewed. Providers documented histories of injection drug use (IDU) and transfusion for less than 20% and 5% of patients, respectively. Only 55% of patients who admitted IDU were tested for HCV. Overall, minorities were more likely to have information regarding a risk factor documented than their white counterparts (79% vs 68%, P < 0.0001). Hispanics were less likely to have a risk factor history documented, compared to blacks and whites (P < 0.0001). Overall, minorities were less likely to be tested for HCV than whites in the presence of a known risk factor (23% vs 35%, P = 0.004). Among patients without documentation of risk factors, blacks and Hispanics were more likely to be tested than whites (20% and 24%, vs 13%, P < 0.005, respectively). CONCLUSION: (1) Documentation of an HCV risk factor history in urban primary care is uncommon, (2)Racial differences exist with respect to HCV risk factor ascertainment and testing, (3) Minority patients, positive for HCV, are less likely to be referred for subspecialty care and treatment. Overall, minorities are less likely to be tested for HCV than whites in the presence of a known risk factor.

Maternal and Child Care Assessment Focused on Prenatal Care and Birth

Objective: This study aims at assessing maternal and child care provided from prenatal to birth, so that it can reveal the weaknesses and potentialities of prenatal program in order to guide the development of strategic plans. Methods: This is an exploratory descriptive study with a quantitative approach, conducted in the city of Santa Cruz, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, from November 2012 to February 2013. The sample consisted of 200 women, chosen by draw, mothers of children under two years old who had attended the Primary Health Care System. The study used a semi-structured questionnaire used by the Ministry of Health. Our research project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, under the approval No. 311.613. Results: It was found that most mothers were rated from good to very good in the quality of care during prenatal and birth. As to the performance of prenatal and birth care services, most women performed those services under the municipality’s Public Health System, and the prenatal care primarily under Basic Health Care Units. Conclusion: In this assessment study, indicators regarding maternal and child care provided during the prenatal period were found to be positive, which contributes to the reduction of maternal and child mortality. The study also shows that Primary Health Care is essential to ensuring an effective, humane and comprehensive health care.

Women’s Perception Concerning Health Care in the Post-Partum Period: A Meta-Synthesis

This meta-synthesis presents the results of qualitative studies on puerperal perception concerning woman’s care in the post-partum period. Four databases were researched using keywords such as “postnatal care” (or) “postpartum period”, (and) “care”, “women”, “perception”, “qualitative research”, “women’s health services”, “community health services”, “allied health personnel”, “primary health care”, resulting in 9 articles for analysis. Six themes were identified: interpersonal relationship, information, communication, attending the necessities, service organization and other supports. Results report mainly on the unsatisfactory professional care for women, appreciating the form of dealing with promptness and the timing to be attended;trust;content, coherence and the way to inform;clarification of doubts;friendly conversation and clinical assistance. The professional workload was restricted on postpartum period care quality. There were gaps found in clinical practice and in dialogical communication and information on women’s health necessities.

The Acquisition and Utility of the Family Medical History in Primary Care: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Acquisition of family medical history (FMH) is emphasized as a part of obtaining a complete medical history, but whether FMH is consistently documented and utilized in primary care, as well as how it can affect patient care in this context, remains unclear. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine: 1) if FMH is regularly acquired in a representative primary care practice (the Queen’s Family Health Team, QFHT);2) what is included in the FMH obtained;3) what the utility of FMH is with regards to patient management in primary care;and 4) to utilize healthcare practitioners’ perspectives in order to elucidate any findings regarding the acquisition and utility of FMH at the QFHT. Methods: Patients were interviewed in order to obtain their FMH. For each patient, the FMH obtained was compared to the FMH documented in the patient’s record to determine the record’s completeness. Each patient’s FMH was analyzed for significant history of coronary artery disease (CAD), diabetes mellitus type II (DMII), substance abuse (SA) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Participants were patients scheduled for appointments at the QFHT between May and July 2011. Any patient of the QFHT older than 25 years was eligible to participate. Clinical staff of the QFHT completed an online questionnaire to determine healthcare practitioners’ perspectives regarding the acquisition and utility of FMH. Results: 83 patients participated in the study. Participants ranged in age from 25 - 86 years (median: 63 years);69% were female. FMH present in patients’ records was often either incomplete (42% of charts reviewed) or not documented at all (51% of charts reviewed). Knowledge of FMH can affect patient management in primary care for the diseases assessed (CAD, DMII, SA and CRC). HCP do consider FMH to be important in clinical practice and 86% of respondents stated that they regularly inquired about patients’ FMH. Interpretation: Despite the belief by HCP that FMH is important, there is a disparity between this belief and their practices regarding its documentation and utilization. Finally, analysis of the FMH of the representative population studied shows that information commonly missing in patients’ FMH can affect patient management at a primary care level.

Contact Precaution: Acceptance of Health Professionals to Teaching Hospital

The adoption by health professionals to the practice of patient isolation is a decision that reduces patients’ risks of occupational exposure to potentially contaminated biological material and prevents nosocomial infections. Verify the compliance of health professionals to the practices of contact precautions in patients colonized by microorganisms in a teaching hospital. This was a prospective observational cohort study in a special-sized hospital located in southeastern Brazil. The observation of health professionals in delivery of health care to patients with contact precaution was performed regarding hand hygiene, use of overcoat, glove, and mask. We carried out 1502 observations involving the following professional categories: nursing technicians and/or nursing assistants (n = 1028;68.4%), nurses (n = 200;13.3%), physical therapists (n = 185;12.3%), and physicians (n = 89;5.9%), totaling 971.8 hours. Regarding the level of compliance of professionals to contact precaution practices with hand hygiene after the procedures, the use of overcoats, gloves, and masks, all were statistically significant (p Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most positive pathogen identified in laboratory tests. This study provided the mapping of the compliance of health professionals to the practices of contact precautions in order to support a safer management of patient care reducing the risks of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI). This study also showed that health professionals are using practice management to deal with their behavior to protect their health.

新疆维吾尔自治区和田地区“肺结核主动筛查+全疗程住院治疗”模式对患者发现的效果

目的:定量评价“肺结核主动筛查+全疗程住院治疗”模式在新疆维吾尔自治区(简称“新疆”)和田地区肺结核患者发现中的实施效果,为新疆肺结核防治工作的稳步推进提供科学依据。方法:收集2012年1月至2021年12月新疆和田地区及未实施全疗程住院治疗策略的新疆其他地州肺结核报告发病数据。利用Joinpoint回归模型分析肺结核报告发病率的时间趋势。以2018年7月作为“肺结核主动筛查+全疗程住院治疗”模式干预时间点,根据是否设置对照地区,分别构建单组中断时间序列(interrupted time series, ITS)模型和设置对照的ITS模型(controlled interrupted time series, CITS)分析政策干预效果。结果:2012—2021年新疆和田地区肺结核报告发病率最高为2018年的465.10/10万(10 278例),最低为2021年的129.40/10万(3241例),总体呈现下降趋势(AAPC=-4.5%,P<0.05);2012—2018年肺结核报告发病率呈现上升趋势(APC=10.8%,P<0.05),2018—2021年肺结核报告发病率呈快速下降趋势(APC=-29.0%,P<0.05)。ITS模型分析显示,和田地区实施“肺结核主动筛查+全疗程住院治疗”模式后1个月(2018年7月),报告发病率增加16.859/10万(P=0.001),新型模式实施后的长期效果为肺结核报告发病率呈下降趋势(β3=-1.098,P<0.001)。CITS模型分析显示,和田地区在新型模式实施后1个月(2018年7月),肺结核报告发病率明显增加,增加量比对照地区高14.751/10万(P<0.001),新型模式实施后长期效果为肺结核报告发病率呈下降趋势,平均每月下降0.815/10万(β5+β7=-0.815,P<0.001),下降速度大于对照地区(β7=-0.931,P<0.001)。结论:新疆和田地区实施“肺结核主动筛查+全疗程住院治疗”模式与肺结核报告发病率之间存在动态因果关系,该模式促使肺结核报告发病率在短暂地上升后呈现下降的长期趋势。实施该模式对控制结核病高负担地区肺结核疫情具有明显优势。

The Biopsychosocial Vulnerability in Primary Care

The need for early screening of the biopsychosocial vulnerability within primary care is clear in the literature, but there is disagreement on the definition and type of score to be used. Health is influenced by determining not only biological, but also psychological and social. The aims of the study are research and evaluation tools to determine the biopsychosocial vulnerability and the creation of a flow-chart for the establishment of health and socio-personalized care programs, but based on scientific evidence. In our study we have built an original scale of assessment for the general medicine, which could simultaneously analyze the Bio-Psycho-Social aspect of patients. A group of GPs （general practitioners） have tested this tool on a group of complex patients. The results of the study show that a high score on our scale of assessment is not correlated with the age of a patient （R = 0.454）; instead there is a straight correlation between the high score and the number of GPs and patient contacts （R = 0.790） and a border-line significant correlation （R = 0.590） between high scores and hospital admissions and resources utilization. In conclusion, with our assessment scale we built a general medicine instrument, simple, integrated with primary care setting and tools, fast in use. In the research and validation phase we showed how this scale would be able to identify patients in need of more attention where there is a necessity to go from a Guideline and EBM-Based approach to a Personalized approach.

Prediction of hospital mortality in intensive care unit patients from clinical and laboratory data: A machine learning approach

BACKGROUND Intensive care unit(ICU)patients demand continuous monitoring of several clinical and laboratory parameters that directly influence their medical progress and the staff’s decision-making.Those data are vital in the assistance of these patients,being already used by several scoring systems.In this context,machine learning approaches have been used for medical predictions based on clinical data,which includes patient outcomes.AIM To develop a binary classifier for the outcome of death in ICU patients based on clinical and laboratory parameters,a set formed by 1087 instances and 50 variables from ICU patients admitted to the emergency department was obtained in the“WiDS(Women in Data Science)Datathon 2020:ICU Mortality Prediction”dataset.METHODS For categorical variables,frequencies and risk ratios were calculated.Numerical variables were computed as means and standard deviations and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed.We then divided the data into a training(80%)and test(20%)set.The training set was used to train a predictive model based on the Random Forest algorithm and the test set was used to evaluate the predictive effectiveness of the model.RESULTS A statistically significant association was identified between need for intubation,as well predominant systemic cardiovascular involvement,and hospital death.A number of the numerical variables analyzed(for instance Glasgow Coma Score punctuations,mean arterial pressure,temperature,pH,and lactate,creatinine,albumin and bilirubin values)were also significantly associated with death outcome.The proposed binary Random Forest classifier obtained on the test set(n=218)had an accuracy of 80.28%,sensitivity of 81.82%,specificity of 79.43%,positive predictive value of 73.26%,negative predictive value of 84.85%,F1 score of 0.74,and area under the curve score of 0.85.The predictive variables of the greatest importance were the maximum and minimum lactate values,adding up to a predictive importance of 15.54%.CONCLUSION We demonstrated the efficacy of a Random Forest machine learning algorithm for handling clinical and laboratory data from patients under intensive monitoring.Therefore,we endorse the emerging notion that machine learning has great potential to provide us support to critically question existing methodologies,allowing improvements that reduce mortality.

甘肃省县(区)级结核病定点医院病原学阴性肺结核诊断质量调查分析

目的:分析甘肃省县(区)级结核病定点医院病原学阴性肺结核诊断质量,以进一步提高病原学阴性肺结核诊断质量。方法:采用现况调查方法,从“结核病信息管理系统”中收集2021年甘肃省登记的活动性肺结核患者,采用分层整群抽样方法,从甘肃省中部、西部和东部各抽取3个市(州),每个市(州)选择患者数前三位的3家县(区)级结核病定点医院作为调查点,由调查员通过“甘肃省病原学检测阴性肺结核患者现场调查表”现场收集各调查点登记的信息资料完整的病原学阴性肺结核(除外气管支气管结核和结核性胸膜炎)患者资料,从诊断流程、诊断依据、实验室检查、影像学诊断和诊断性抗感染治疗等5个方面进行病原学阴性肺结核诊断质量评价。结果:共收集到26家县(区)级定点医院符合调查标准的1187例病原学阴性肺结核患者作为调查对象。其中,诊断流程规范者941例(79.28%);诊断依据符合要求者699例(58.89%);病原学检查者1176例(99.07%),其中,行痰涂片镜检、分枝杆菌培养、分子生物学检查和结核病灶组织病理检查者分别为1169例(98.48%)、368例(31.00%)、900例(75.82%)和103例(8.68%),痰涂片质量合格者1084例(91.32%);至少选择1项结核病免疫学检查者958例(80.71%),其中,行结核菌素试验、抗结核抗体和γ-干扰素释放试验检查者分别为724例(60.99%)、574例(48.36%)和382例(32.18%),阳性者分别为572例(79.01%)、187例(32.58%)和329例(86.13%);行支气管镜和胸腔积液检查者分别为198例(16.68%)和29例(2.44%),均未检出阳性者;影像学检查者1187例(100.00%),其中,胸部X线摄影(简称“胸片”)检查率[73.21%(869/1187)]和合格率[85.04%(739/869)]均明显低于CT检查[分别为99.16%(1177/1187)和92.78%(1092/1177)],差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=335.585,P=0.000;χ^(2)=31.829,P=0.000)。诊断小组讨论1166例(98.23%)患者,建议进行诊断性抗结核治疗者626例,实际治疗者563例(89.94%)。结论:甘肃省县(区)级结核病定点医院对病原学阴性肺结核相关实验室检查以痰涂片和分子生物学检查为主,CT检查率和合格率均较高,但分子生物学检查率、诊断流程规范率和诊断依据符合率仍有较大提升空间,建议加强县(区)级结核病定点医院检测规范和技术人员培训,严格执行结核病相关检查流程,以进一步提升病原学阴性肺结核诊断质量。

“十三五”期间广州市不同结核病防治管理模式实施效果评价

目的:评价广州市现存结核病管理模式的实施效果,为不断完善结核病防治服务体系提供依据和实例。方法:从广州市结核病监测信息报告管理系统和广州市“十三五”结核病防治规划终期评估报告中搜集2016-2020年广州市4种结核病防治管理模式(慢病管理模式、“三位一体”模式、综合医院管理模式和委托服务模式)下的结核病疫情资料,计算不同模式下的肺结核患者登记率、病原学阳性率、治疗成功率、管理率和规范管理率等,并进行实施效果的成本-效用分析。结果:2016-2020年,广州市肺结核年均总登记率为51.78/10万(46 228/89 280 200),4种模式年均登记率由高及低依次为委托服务模式[74.37/10万(10 522/14 148 900)]、“三位一体”模式[50.17/10万(11 349/22 619 500)]、慢病管理模式[47.37/10万(14 588/30 793 700)]和综合医院管理模式[44.98/10万(9769/21 718 100)],差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=222.422,P<0.001)。总病原学阳性率为49.33%(22 806/46 228),以慢病管理模式为最高[50.98%(7437/14 588)],委托服务模式为最低[48.07%(5058/10 522)];总治疗成功率为93.26%(43 113/46 228),以综合医院管理模式为最高[95.73%(9352/9769)],“三位一体”模式为最低[90.30%(10 248/11 349)];总规范管理率为89.08%(13 254/14 879),以委托服务模式为最高[95.40%(2573/2697)],“三位一体”模式为最低[82.69%(3100/3749)];差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=27.302,P<0.001;χ^(2)=306.666,P<0.001;χ^(2)=294.272,P<0.001)。总人均投入0.86元(76 477 200/89 280 200),挽回1个伤残调整生命年(DALY)损失需要投入的费用以“三位一体”模式为最高[188.20元(20 326 600/108 003.67)],综合医院管理模式为最低[153.77元(15 155 800/98 560.73)]。结论:“十三五”期间广州市4种结核病防治管理模式各有其优势及不足,未来仍需结合各区需求导向,从政府部门、系统到人才建设,积极采取措施,完善其现存结核病防治服务体系中的不足,以进一步提升患者登记率、病原学阳性率和总规范管理率。

新疆维吾尔自治区南疆地区结核病防治工作实施现状的定性评价——基于扎根理论的质性访谈

目的:通过深度访谈,调查和分析新疆维吾尔自治区(简称“新疆”)南疆地区结核病防治工作的实施现状、存在的问题及合理化建议,为促进新疆结核病防治工作的完善和可持续发展提供决策依据。方法:采用系统随机抽样的方式,在南疆四地州(阿克苏地区、和田地区、喀什地区、克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州)对从事结核病防治工作的相关工作人员27名进行半结构式访谈,基于扎根理论框架凝练资料信息,对访谈文本进行梳理、编码与提炼。结果:对访谈文本提取南疆地区结核病防治工作的成效、问题及建议三个主题,深度了解与定性分析南疆地区结核病防控工作的实施的成效、不足与问题,以及提出的合理性建议。结论:南疆地区实施新型肺结核防治工作后,患者发现的方式、数量和患者治疗管理情况均有大幅改观,目前仍存在一些不足,还需不断完善和充实南疆地区结核病防治工作,为新疆结核病防治提出科学有效的策略和路径,切实控制结核病的发生与传播,在新疆早日实现“终止结核病流行策略”的目标。

家庭医生签约服务背景下签约居民基层首诊效果评价研究

背景2016年全面推行家庭医生签约服务以来,居民基层首诊意愿逐步提升,但签约居民基层首诊效果评价尚需进一步探讨。目的了解签约居民的首诊性评价现状,探讨其影响因素并提出改善策略。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样法在山东省三市抽取54所社区卫生服务机构/乡镇卫生院,共4000名签约居民。采用汉化版基本医疗质量评估量表(PCAT)的首诊性维度问卷进行调查,比较不同特征的签约居民首诊性维度得分,采用多元线性回归分析影响签约居民首诊性评价的因素。结果共回收有效问卷3859份,问卷有效回收率为96.48%。其中,乡镇卫生院签约居民为2086名(54.1%),社区卫生服务中心为1773名(45.9%);三个地区的首诊性维度总得分为3.49分,得分最高的条目是“您的签约机构周六、周日开门吗”(3.74分);得分最低的条目是“在非营业期间,如果您在晚上生病了,您的签约机构会有医生或护士出诊吗?”(3.05分)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,签约机构、个人月收入、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业、身体健康、是否确诊慢性疾病是签约居民首诊性维度得分的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论签约居民的首诊性评价较好,但还需加强家庭医生签约服务政策宣传,引导签约居民形成基层首诊的就医观念,通过明确非工作日出诊流程、提升基层医疗卫生机构服务供给能力、加强医疗卫生机构共享平台建设、发挥医疗保障制度杠杆作用等措施推动居民基层首诊,进而提升签约居民首诊性评价。

数字化治疗依从性技术在肺结核患者服药管理中的应用效果评价

目的:评价数字化治疗依从性技术(digital treatment adherence technologies, DAT)的实施效果,以进一步提高新疆维吾尔自治区(以下简称“新疆”)昌吉州结核病患者治疗及服务管理质量。方法:采取回顾性研究方法,从中国疾病预防控制中心“结核病管理信息系统”和“易督导”网站中导出2021年1月1日至2023年3月31日登记现住址为“新疆维吾尔自治区昌吉州5县2市”且完成治疗疗程的活动性肺结核患者相关临床资料。根据患者管理方式,将2021年1月1日至12月31日登记为肺结核但未使用“易督导”管理系统的403例患者纳入传统方式管理组(传统组),将2022年1月1日至2023年3月31日登记为肺结核且使用“易督导”管理系统的313例患者纳入DAT管理组(DAT组),DAT使用率为89.68%(313/349),再根据使用电子工具的不同将DAT组分为电子药盒管理组[药盒组;81例(25.88%)]和微信公众号管理组[微信组;232例(74.12%)]。分析传统组和DAT组患者人口学特征、服药依从性及治疗效果,以及DAT组使用DAT的情况及不同地区的管理情况。结果:微信组在≥60岁年龄组[30.60%(71/232)]和农牧民[40.95%(95/232)]的占比均明显低于药盒组[77.78%(63/81)和76.54%(62/81)],差异均有统计学意义(χ2=54.780,P=0.000;χ2=32.666,P=0.000)。传统组总体服药率[97.78%(99 053/101 299)]和规则服药率[96.03%(387/403)]均优于DAT组[分别为93.23%(62 601/67 146)和85.62%(268/313)],药盒组总体服药率[95.89%(15 808/16 486)]优于微信组[92.37%(46 793/50 660)],差异均有统计学意义(χ2=2162.210、24.481、244.306,P值均=0.000),但微信组规则服药率[84.48%(196/232)]与药盒组[88.89%(72/81)]差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.947,P=0.331)。DAT组的治疗成功率[95.85%(300/313)]、第2/3个月末查痰率[99.36%(311/313)]和痰菌阴转率[98.76%(159/161)]与传统组[分别为94.29%(380/403)、98.26%(396/403)和97.83%(271/277)]的差异均无统计学意义(χ2=0.891,P=0.345;χ2=0.941,P=0.332;χ2=0.106,P=0.744),但微信组治疗成功率[98.28%(228/232)]高于药盒组[88.89%(72/81)],差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.036,P=0.001)。DAT组不同地区规则服药率介于61.22%(30/49)~97.30%(36/37),差异有统计学意义(χ2=39.320,P=0.000)。结论:新疆昌吉州各县(市)接受使用DAT管理的肺结核患者比例较高,且以接受微信公众号管理为主,可更准确地反映患者服药情况,管理效果也与传统管理方式一致。应针对不同县市、不同管理方式、不同年龄、不同职业人群制定不同的DAT管理措施,以提高规则服药率,并逐步在新疆地区推广应用。

基于PCAT的签约服务模式下社区儿童健康服务质量研究

背景基层医疗卫生机构以其综合、连续、协调、便捷和经济的特点,扮演着儿童常见病、多发病诊疗、计划免疫以及儿童健康管理的重要角色,为儿童健康服务奠定坚实基础。开展家庭医生签约管理下的儿童保健服务,对于提升儿童健康服务质量至关重要。然而,我国基层机构在儿童健康服务能力方面存在地区差异,因此,准确评价基层儿童健康服务质量,有助于及时发现问题,推动基层儿童健康服务向更高水平发展。目的了解签约儿童家长对社区儿童健康服务质量的评价情况,分析质量问题,提出优化策略,为进一步提升社区儿童健康服务质量、推进儿童签约服务高质量发展提供决策参考。方法以成都市某区为案例地区,2022年采用方便抽样,抽取该区3家社区卫生服务中心为样本机构,采用初级卫生保健服务质量评价工具(PCAT)中文版,对样本机构签约儿童家长进行社区儿童健康服务质量在线问卷调查。结果共完成3631名签约儿童家长调查。样本机构社区儿童健康服务质量PCAT中文版总得分为(58.72±13.43)分。社区儿童健康服务质量PCAT得分相对较高的维度为“持续性”“社区首诊(服务可及性和服务使用)”以及“服务综合性(服务提供)”,而“以家庭为中心”“综合性(可用服务)”和“协调性(转诊)”等维度得分相对较低。不同户籍、文化程度、平均年收入、有无熟悉的医护人员和过去1年在该中心就诊次数的调查对象PCAT中文版总得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多元线性回归分析结果显示,调查对象的户籍所在地,母亲的文化程度、家庭平均月收入、有无熟悉的医护人员和过去1年在该中心就诊次数均是PCAT总得分的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论案例地区签约服务模式下社区儿童健康服务质量水平有较大提升空间,应重点加强社区儿童健康服务综合性(可用服务)和服务协调性(转诊),推动以儿童及家庭为中心理念落实,关注非本地户籍儿童健康服务工作。

住院癌症患者口腔衰弱现状及影响因素分析

目的调查住院癌症患者口腔衰弱现状,分析其影响因素,为针对性干预提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法抽取207例住院癌症患者为调查对象,采用一般资料问卷、口腔衰弱指数-8、口腔健康评估量表、营养风险筛查量表2002、衰弱量表、领悟社会支持量表进行调查。结果住院癌症患者口腔衰弱发生率为64.3%,年龄、吸烟史、化疗史、口干、义齿、口腔健康不良、身体衰弱是住院癌症患者口腔衰弱的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论住院癌症患者口腔衰弱发生率较高,医护人员需根据其影响因素采取预防管理措施,控制口腔衰弱的发生和发展。

老年人口腔自我保健健康信念问卷的编制及信效度检验

目的编制老年人口腔自我保健健康信念问卷并检验其信效度。方法以健康信念模式为理论基础,通过文献回顾、半结构访谈构建条目池,通过专家函询、预调查形成初始问卷,便利抽样选取565名社区老年人进行问卷调查,检验信效度。结果老年人口腔自我保健健康信念问卷包括感知益处、感知障碍、感知严重性、感知易感性和感知自我效能5个维度共25个条目。探索性因子分析共提取5个公因子,累计方差贡献率为71.524%;验证性因子分析:χ2/df=2.766,IFI=0.929、CFI=0.928、TLI=0.917、PCFI=0.798、PNFI=0.768,RMESA=0.079。I-CVI为0.833~1.000,S-CVI/UA为0.920;问卷总体Cronbach′sα系数为0.959。结论老年人口腔自我保健健康信念问卷信效度良好,可用于老年人口腔自我保健健康信念测评。

糖尿病视网膜病变患者生活质量的研究进展

糖尿病视网膜病变是糖尿病患者常见的微血管并发症,具有高致病率和致残率,严重影响患者的生活质量。糖尿病视网膜病变通过早期筛查、定期随访和避免相关危险因素来进行防治。本研究就糖尿病视网膜病变患者的生活质量现状、评价工具、影响因素及护理措施进行综述,以期为临床制定相关干预方案提供参考。