Research on the Difference of Human Thermal Comfort Perception in Outdoor Space of Campus in North China

Outdoor space on campus is an important place for daily activities of teachers and students,and there is an important connection between thermal comfort and users’ feelings.It is of great significance to explore the difference of thermal comfort perceived by human body for the effective use and renovation of space.With the typical outdoor space in the campus of North China University of Technology as the monitoring object,the influencing factors of the difference of human thermal comfort perception were analyzed by measuring the microclimate data of outdoor space in winter and the data of thermal comfort questionnaire.The results showed that the subjective feeling of human body to environmental thermal comfort in winter in outdoor space of campus in north China was correlated with various factors,and had significant correlation with gender and height.The research results are helpful to further explore the difference of thermal comfort perception.

Research on Thermal Comfort of Outdoor Space in Summer Urban Park: Take Mianyang Urban Park as an Example

One of the factors for the evaluation of the space environment is the comfort of outdoor activities spaces in urban parks. The space composed of different landscape elements has different microclimate environment. In this paper, in order to evaluate the role of thermal comfort in influencing resident’s assessment of the outdoor space and activities of the park, a thermal comfort survey was conducted on the outdoor open space of Mianyang Urban Park in summer. In this article, meteorological surveys, questionnaire surveys and observation of park attendance are selected to collect data. The physiological equivalent temperature (PET) assessment was selected as the index to evaluate resident’s thermal comfort level, and the comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the spatial thermal environment of different outdoor landscape elements in the park. The overall comfort of current visitors is mainly influenced by their subjective heat perception voting (TSV). In this article, we focus on providing microclimate adjustment considerations for urban park landscape design, and may help people understand the outdoor thermal comfort of Mianyang in summer, increase the using time of outdoor activities, and promote the use of outdoor space.

The Strategy of Outdoor Space Micro-Renewal under the Goal of Communities for All Ages: A Case Study of Xingchaibeiyuan Community in Nanchang City

With the rapid development of the city,the old city has gradually lost its former glory,and the old community accounts for a large proportion in the city,and is located in the core area of the city. At present,there are some problems in the old community,such as high degree of aging,poor quality of living space,and lack of outdoor space. The old community transformation is mainly in the way of ' guided reconstruction',it has completely destroyed the original historical environment and the spirit of the place. Therefore,taking Xingchaibeiyuan Community in Nanchang City as an example,we deeply explore the strategy of micro-renewal of community outdoor space,so as to provide a reference for the renewal of outdoor space in this kind of old residential area.

Researching about the Outdoor Space Design Adjusting to Aging Population in South-Central in China

Aiming at the rural-urban background, the paper research content is that the outdoor space design adjusting to aging population. It is noteworthy that the “empty nest” becomes a social phenomenon in China. The community and the village are the are population most centralized region, it is also the main places that old man consume their leisure time. Outdoor space design should be suitable for the local natural climatic conditions and cultural customs. Outdoor space in Hunan of China appropriates local opened space. The high quality design of outdoor space will create conditions for social endowment and self-help endowment. Outdoor activity space is closely linked with the old people’s quality of life. Function of outdoor space includes contact and the exercise as well as manual labor and pastime. Outdoor space design strategy consists of barrier-free design, identification design and activity space. The paper thinks that: “Doing to older, joy to older” is the highest state of old age. This needs the joint efforts of the family and community, needs to assume by physical space. The outdoor is the main site of activity for old man. Taking exercise, accompanying with others or pets, association and manual labor are the main content to outdoor space design.

基于CiteSpace的国内城市住区儿童户外活动空间研究进展

在各大城市积极响应“儿童友好城市”建设及国内生育政策开放的双重背景下,儿童活动愈发受到重视,针对作为儿童成长环境与生活空间的住区户外活动区域进行深入研究的需求也愈发迫切。文章采用文献计量法,利用CiteSpace的可视化功能,以中国知网中有关住区儿童户外活动空间的期刊文献为对象,分别从文献数量、文献来源、研究热点、演进规律进行综合分析,进而对研究现状进行系统梳理及提炼,以期为未来儿童活动的住区空间研究提供必要依据与启发。

Approaches of Integrating Outdoor and Indoor Spaces of Urban Landscape Buildings

With the economic development and increase of income, urban citizens have attached more importance to the comfort of living environment, and aesthetic property of buildings. Exterior design is the extension and redesign on the basis of interior design, interior and exterior spatial design and architectural design are closely related. This paper explored the approaches of integrating indoor and outdoor spaces of urban landscape buildings by analyzing excellent building cases.

Environmental Design of Urban Outdoor Public Spaces Based on Children's Activities

This paper analyzed current situation of domestic and foreign children's outdoor spaces, and the relationship between urban public spaces and children's behaviors, summarized design principles and techniques to improve use efficiency of urban outdoor public spaces and facilities, create public spaces capable of meeting psychological behavior needs of children.

Residents’ Satisfaction Assessment of Outdoor Residential Spaces;A Local Study in an Urban Compact Form in Sana’a, Yemen—Winter Period

This paper studies the thermal performance of outdoor residential spaces in the old part—historical part—of Sana’a city in the winter period and its impact on the residents’ satisfaction who occupied the buildings which overlook these spaces and use them on a pedestrian comfort basis. The analysis was carried out through the results of field measurements which study the temperature, relative humidity, and the air movement inside the selected outdoor spaces in the period of winter (2 months) data recorded through the devices used and compared with those obtained from the General Authority of Meteorology and Aviation—Meteorology Sector. Despite the passage of years, the author remained occupied with the opinion of the people whose homes overlook those outdoors spaces and what is their opinion of their performance. Therefore, an assessment was conducted in November 2020 to know the opinion of the people about the performance of these outdoor spaces and to compare the results of the field measurements with the results of the assessment. The measurements were conducted by using data-loggers that spread in some outdoor spaces in 7 spaces in old city of Sana’a and in its modern extension during the winter period which is the time of concern of this work. The measurements showed that the outdoor residential spaces in the old city of Sana’a are represented an advantage for winter climate over that of the modern city, so the focus in this paper was on that outdoors with the question of the users of the outdoor spaces in the old city only to clarify their satisfaction with it and whether it has succeeded as well from their point of view. Results presented in this paper are important to consider the relationship between the climatical performance of outdoor spaces and the comfort of the residents in the urban environment and give implications for urban planners and architects to improve the climate-based design methodology towards sustainable developments.

基于CiteSpace的城市户外小气候环境与公众健康关系研究文献综述

文章基于城市户外小气候环境与公众健康相关概念及理论,利用WOS核心数据库及CNKI数据库,对“城市户外空间”“小气候环境”“公众健康利用”3组关键词进行基础文献检索与下载。经CiteSpace去重及可视化图解,对空间环境营造、小气候动态感知与公众健康水平之间的关联性与相互作用机制进行探讨;同时,从城市热岛效应缓解、户外开放空间设计和适应性可持续营造三大视角切入,为未来场地小气候环境与健康相关思考融入城市户外空间规划设计提供借鉴。

Urban Microclimate and Outdoor Thermal Comfort of Public Spaces in Warm-Humid Cities: A Comparative Bibliometric Mapping of the Literature

Intensified human population encourages urbanization changing the morphology and metabolism of urban environments, thus altering the local climate and outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) in public spaces. OTC is an increasingly urgent area of research for tropical climates. This study explores the literature from the Scopus database on urban microclimate and OTC in public spaces and contrasts the studies in warm-humid cities through a bibliometric mapping of literature. The adapted methodology includes;Bibliometric Search, Scientometric Analysis, and Content analysis using VOSviewer software to identify the evolution paths, gaps, and the most recent movement of OTC assessments in urban public spaces. Results reveal five evolution paths related to all climatic regions;1) materials and cooling strategies, 2) simulation modeling and urban planning, 3) design parameters affecting thermal perception, 4) cooling effects of green infrastructure, and 5) thermal adaptation in urban design. Although urban morphology and vegetation have been received the highest attention respectively, only a few for blue infrastructure related to warm-humid cities. This review identified five research gaps;the impact of blue infrastructure on OTC, strategies to overcome the effect of reflective materials, vegetation configurations in street canyons with wind flow, OTC improvements in asymmetrical street canyons, and how local climate zone (LCZ) classification approach could be used for OTC assessments. Past empirical studies have revealed that urban vegetation, surface materials, and morphological parameters are of paramount importance. Yet, the urban blue infrastructure has not received adequate research. Recently, the attention of researchers has been drawn to strategies in improving OTC using micro-meteorological simulation modelling to examine the impact of urban design interventions. Finally, comprehensive content analysis, bibliographic coupling based on documents, co-occurrence of all-keywords, are suggested for future bibliometric reviews. Finally, further research on recommended areas would assist decision-makers in planning and design to enhance livability by improving microclimate and OTC in urban spaces.

迈向白色景观:寒地城市中小河流滨水空间居民冬季户外活动的环境特征偏好研究

城市中小河流滨水空间是承载居民户外活动的重要载体,寒地冬季严酷的气候条件使河流由蓝色水域空间转变成白色冰雪空间,特殊的水体形态使居民的活动水平产生较大变化。聚焦寒地城市中小河流滨水空间的居民冬季户外活动,构建可达性、场所特征、服务设施和维护管理4类维度下的17项环境特征要素指标,通过问卷调查与Kano模型得出户外活动的环境特征偏好要素序列,基于行为类型讨论要素指标对冬季户外活动的影响。结果显示,河流白色景观对提升冬季健康福祉具有重要意义,对维护管理提出了更高的要求。寒地滨水空间的流动行为更关注步行体验,强调线性路径的空间畅通和微气候舒适,驻留行为更关注冬季运动和防风防寒设施的配给。研究成果可为寒地城市居民健康福祉的规划建设提供决策支持。

儿童友好视角下的城市公园儿童户外游戏空间功能性评价——以成都市为例

近年来,成都市坚持以儿童友好助推全龄友好,优化城市环境。城市公园作为城市环境的重要一环,其以儿童游戏空间为导向的功能性评价体系构建对推进儿童友好城市建设尤为重要。文章采用实地调研和感知地图法,基于文献研究与专家咨询意见,通过层次分析法-熵值法构建了城市公园儿童户外游戏空间功能性评价体系,并开展实证分析,最终基于评价结果对儿童户外游戏空间的功能性设计提出优化建议。

儿童友好型社区户外活动空间优化设计策略——以沈阳金地滨河国际社区为例

儿童友好城市/社区的建设,是当前中国城市更新和社区营造中的重要部分。文章将沈阳部分社区作为研究对象,针对提升居住区儿童户外活动空间友好度进行探讨,以提高儿童户外活动空间的各年龄段友好度、空间安全性和趣味性为目标,结合儿童的心理和行为特征,提出设计策略,以期营造儿童健康快乐成长的户外活动空间。

老旧小区户外健身空间评价体系的构建

为构建适用于国内老旧小区户外健身空间的评价体系,文中以哈尔滨为例,通过实地调研、现状问卷调查、以及相关指标体系梳理等方式,在了解老旧小区户外健身空间情况的同时,建立哈尔滨老旧小区户外健身空间评价的预设指标。并通过名义小组讨论法以及德尔菲法(Delply)两种方法对预设指标进行修正,确定最终评价指标,并在此基础上确定各指标权重,从而构建出包含5个准则层和30个方案层指标的哈尔滨老旧小区户外健身空间评价体系。最后对哈尔滨16处老旧小区户外健身空间进行空间评价并选择其中的6处给出优化建议,结果表明评价体系具有很强的操作性,因此可以为其他地区的老旧小区户外健身空间评价提供借鉴,从而建立适用于当地的老旧小区户外健身空间评价体系。

基于儿童户外活动特征解析的社区活动空间更新建设策略研究

【目的】为响应国家“十四五”规划提出的建设儿童友好城市的政策要求,应探索儿童友好的、适宜儿童活动的社区空间环境更新建设策略。【方法】以成都市3个儿童友好型社区试点中的4类活动空间为例,采取社区游憩行为观察系统、核密度估算以及现状调研等方法,采集并分析儿童户外活动情况及社区活动空间环境特征,并建立相关性模型,探究影响儿童户外活动的社区空间环境因子。【结果】发现多个环境因子对儿童活动有显著影响,包括道路平整度、场地规模等,其中看护空间、游戏设施类型、休憩设施、商业设施可达性是影响儿童户外活动密度、时长、活动类型多样性的关键环境因子;据此归纳出促进儿童户外活动的社区空间环境重点建设方向包括:1)合理规划规模较大且毗邻儿童商业的平整场地;2)增设具有吸引力的、完善的配套设施;3)布置合理的看护休憩空间;4)植入新颖多样、互动性强的环境要素。【结论】为建设促进儿童户外活动的社区空间提供了科学依据,有助于在社区中为儿童营造健康友好的成长环境。

基于POI分布特征的成都市户外休闲健身空间探索

以17305个高德地图提供的POI信息为研究对象,运用QGIS空间研究分析工具,分析成都市户外休闲健身空间的分布特征,探讨其与住宅区的关系.结果表明:1)成都市户外休闲健身空间整体呈现出“一心扩散,多点分散”的空间特征,核心点簇区其形状呈现出向南延展的特点;2)不同类别的户外休闲健身空间呈现出不同的分布特点;3)成都市的户外休闲健身空间与住宅区的关系整体上不完全符合我国15min生活圈规划的要求,郊县区域的居民其休闲健身需求以及积极性不能得到很好的满足.

新校区的景观传承与需求——以北京交通大学雄安新校区为例

在好风景里做学问是传统书院的宗旨.雄安新区规划建设的大学城片区首批新校区规划建设正在进行中,校园景观作为师生最直接、最高频使用和感受校园氛围与文化的五感来源,是新校区建设的重要内容.新校区景观如何传承主校区历史文脉,营造师生需求下的好风景:以北京交通大学雄安新校区为例,研究通过对北交大在校生和校友们的问卷调查与访谈,以北交大主校区特征景观感知、学生们需求和期望的理想校园景观进行分项专题问卷调查,研究成果显示:(1)对主校区特征景观的传承,进行多校区间的校园景观延续设计,有利于校园文化环境的营造.(2)可进入的草坪空间,林下可停留空间,有一定私密感的空间,减压沉思冥想空间和亲水空间是校园室外空间最被期待的环境形式.(3)在水景、植物等校园室外空间景观元素的使用中,结合传统书院景观的环境育人、比德教化作用,将伦理教化融入校园环境中,丰富高校人文内涵.这些偏好与评价结果,可在北京市存量空间紧缺以及雄安新城增量发展的时代背景下为新校区景观规划建设及主校区局部空间更新提供支持与参考.

基于弹性共享的户外健身设施群体需求响应评测研究

【目的】城市建成环境限制了大型户外健身设施的建设,而相对灵活的大量小微型户外健身设施与公共空间融合发展,展现出显著的弹性共享服务特征。有效识别户外健身设施服务短板可为户外健身设施精准优化提供依据。【方法】以南京市老城区为例,通过建立细粒度群体需求量化方法和设施服务模块化分解方法,打通多元群体需求与设施服务弹性间的关联分析路径,对设施服务功能进行模块化处理,量化户外健身设施的弹性服务能力,同时基于多源数据,建立一套能反映不同群体户外健身设施的需求响应状态评价工具。【结果】场地类设施具有相对较高的弹性共享度,可作为优先发展的设施类型;步道类设施建设门槛和成本均相对较低,尤其能够提升老年群体的需求响应水平;老年群体需求响应指数最高,儿童群体相对最低,是后续规划需重点关注的对象。【结论】在传统可达性分析的基础上改变了居民需求与设施服务固化的供需评测模式,后续可结合设施质量、规模、多样性等指标,为城市户外健身设施规划提供有效的工具借鉴。

童眸中的幼儿园户外游戏空间:基于马赛克方法的研究

采用马赛克方法,目的性抽样选取山西省级示范幼儿园X幼儿园22名大班儿童参与研究,并运用儿童拍照、幼儿园之旅、魔毯等方式收集资料,结合参与式观察与儿童共同对资料进行回顾与讨论。主要发现:儿童在幼儿园户外游戏空间中深化自我认识和自我意识,构建与表达自我,关注户外游戏空间中的自然事物、自然事物的变化及其与人之间的关系,通过身心和合的想象生产个人意义,与他人情感联结生产集体意义,同时体验到被围困的“樊篱”;儿童理想的幼儿园户外游戏空间形态是多样性与动态性、亲生命性的,是能够建构自我与建立情感归属的社会空间,具有主体性存在的精神空间。今后需要重新审视幼儿园教育工作者的户外游戏空间认识论,应以儿童游戏空间实践的多样性为基点淡化户外游戏空间边界,其时空配置应充分体现空间正义。

基于多源数据空间分析的城市体检方法与更新策略——以北京市海淀街道为例

在城市更新中基于多源数据与空间分析模型有助于精准发现问题并解析其形成的机理,对保证更新措施的有效性和长效性均有重要意义。本研究以北京市海淀街道的城市体检工作为例,以绿色出行、完整社区和健康城市为目标,综合多源大数据与实地调研小数据对慢行交通、社区商业和公共空间三方面的问题进行诊断,并应用空间句法模型对问题背后的路权分配、社区商业需求、居民户外活动的自组织空间规律进行了分析,探索了一种以数据空间分析为基础的城市问题诊断-分析-优化的工作流程。