Malfunction of outer retinal barrier and choroid in the occurrence and progression of diabetic macular edema

Diabetic macular edema(DME) is the most common cause of vision loss in diabetic retinopathy,affecting 1 in 15 patients with diabetes mellitus(DM).The disruption of the inner blood-retina barrier(BRB) has been largely investigated and attributed the primary role in the pathogenesis and progression in DME, but there is increasing evidence regarding the role of outer BRB, separating the RPE from the underlying choriocapillaris,in the occurrence and evolution of DME.The development of novel imaging technologies has led to major improvement in the field of in vivo structural analysis of the macula allowing us to delve deeper into the pathogenesis of DME and expanding our vision regarding this condition.In this review we gathered the results of studies that investigated specific outer BRB optical coherence tomography parameters in patients with DM with the aim to outline the current status of its role in the pathogenesis and progression of DME and identify new research pathways contributing to the advancement of knowledge in the understanding of this condition.

一个复杂边值问题的解

一引言随着微波理论和技术的迅速发展,对新型传输线的研究提出了更高的要求。一系列新型的微波转换过渡部件、微波滤波器和新型定向耦合器的研究,是建立在对新型传输线的理论分析基础之上的。因此,分析菱形外导体—椭园内导体传输线(以下简称外菱—内椭传输线)具有一定的理论意义和实用意义。这种传输线具有极化面固定、功率容量较大等优点。由于其截面复杂,因而无精确解,至今未见专文论述。本文采用“特征点图形逼近法”(具体方法见下文),导出特性阻抗和分布电容的计算公式,并由此推出在特定条件下的另外五种传输线的特性阻抗计算公式。所得结果均用初等函数表示,并附有部分计算结果,以供参考。