In the context of economic globalization,English has become increasingly essential for students’communication and professional activities,necessitating higher proficiency in speaking and listening.The theory of secon...In the context of economic globalization,English has become increasingly essential for students’communication and professional activities,necessitating higher proficiency in speaking and listening.The theory of second language acquisition posits that college English teaching can purposefully guide students’learning and facilitate unconscious language acquisition.By integrating an output-oriented teaching method,students are provided with opportunities to practice and apply English,thereby addressing the traditional issue of“separation of learning and use.”This paper examines the application value of the output-oriented teaching method in college English under the second language acquisition theory and proposes several strategies to enhance college English classroom teaching.The goal is to develop students’linguistic competence and improve their practical English skills.展开更多
Under the background and premise of higher education reform,the output-oriented method has established a scientific teaching concept for college English teaching and applied the integrated teaching ideology of learnin...Under the background and premise of higher education reform,the output-oriented method has established a scientific teaching concept for college English teaching and applied the integrated teaching ideology of learning and application to college English teaching,so as to improve the teaching effect.Based on the output-oriented teaching method,this paper analyzes and studies the online and offline blended teaching mode.展开更多
Background:The pursuit of efficiency and productivity is one of the goals of health systems.In the era of Sustainable Development Goals and particularly the move towards universal health coverage,it is imperative to c...Background:The pursuit of efficiency and productivity is one of the goals of health systems.In the era of Sustainable Development Goals and particularly the move towards universal health coverage,it is imperative to curb wastage of resources to ensure sustainable access of the population to needed and effective health services without enduring financial hardship.This study aims to assess total factor productivity change of national health systems of 20 countries in the WHO’s Eastern Mediterranean Region.Methods:Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)-based Malmquist index is used to assess total factor productivity change and its components-efficiency change and technical change.To assess the robustness of the Malmquist index estimates,bootstrapping was performed.Outputs used are life expectancy at birth for both sexes and infant mortality;while total expenditure on health per capita in international dollars(PPP)is used as a measure of input.Panel data for the period 2003-2014 was extracted from databases of the WHO and the World Bank.Results:In all but five countries covered in the study,a decline in the mean total factor productivity is observed during the period 2003-2014.The decline is driven by technical regress.In all countries,the technical change component of the Malmquist TFP index is less than unity(range:0.896 to 0.945).All countries exhibited growth in efficiency(efficiency change exceeding one)except two countries(Djibouti and Iraq).The growth in efficiency was mainly due to change in scale efficiency.Overall,total factor productivity in the region declined by 3.8%.This was due to a 9.1%decline in technical change,which overshadowed the 5.8%increase in efficiency.Three countries-Libya,Qatar and Yemen-showed a marginal growth in total factor productivity.There was no change in total factor productivity in Kuwait and Lebanon.Conclusion:The decline in total factor productivity over the study period is likely to hamper achieving the targets of Sustainable Development Goal 3 of ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages.It is recommended that country-level studies on efficiency and productivity of health systems be conducted in order to intensively examine the determinants of inefficiency and productivity decline and implement appropriate interventions that could enhance efficiency and productivity.展开更多
In the context of Chinese learning English writing to learn and length approach is one of the highlighted concepts and practices. It entails sufficient comprehensible input and active interaction. It is found that the...In the context of Chinese learning English writing to learn and length approach is one of the highlighted concepts and practices. It entails sufficient comprehensible input and active interaction. It is found that the theme-based modules/units, if organized and performed meaningfully and closely related to the learners' life and experiences, will best integrate these three elements in the process of the second language learning, which is geared in some major aspects to the whole language philosophy. 'Writing to learn' is a product of reverse thinking. In a theme-based module/unit, a writing task of the same theme is put at its end with some requirements for language enhancement. It serves as an engine to learn other skills. In reality, it is not writing alone that functions in the SLA, but writing at the final stage that requires comprehended input and good qualitative interaction together to fuel SLA. An experiment of 20 weeks shows the positive results for the model.展开更多
文摘In the context of economic globalization,English has become increasingly essential for students’communication and professional activities,necessitating higher proficiency in speaking and listening.The theory of second language acquisition posits that college English teaching can purposefully guide students’learning and facilitate unconscious language acquisition.By integrating an output-oriented teaching method,students are provided with opportunities to practice and apply English,thereby addressing the traditional issue of“separation of learning and use.”This paper examines the application value of the output-oriented teaching method in college English under the second language acquisition theory and proposes several strategies to enhance college English classroom teaching.The goal is to develop students’linguistic competence and improve their practical English skills.
文摘Under the background and premise of higher education reform,the output-oriented method has established a scientific teaching concept for college English teaching and applied the integrated teaching ideology of learning and application to college English teaching,so as to improve the teaching effect.Based on the output-oriented teaching method,this paper analyzes and studies the online and offline blended teaching mode.
文摘Background:The pursuit of efficiency and productivity is one of the goals of health systems.In the era of Sustainable Development Goals and particularly the move towards universal health coverage,it is imperative to curb wastage of resources to ensure sustainable access of the population to needed and effective health services without enduring financial hardship.This study aims to assess total factor productivity change of national health systems of 20 countries in the WHO’s Eastern Mediterranean Region.Methods:Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)-based Malmquist index is used to assess total factor productivity change and its components-efficiency change and technical change.To assess the robustness of the Malmquist index estimates,bootstrapping was performed.Outputs used are life expectancy at birth for both sexes and infant mortality;while total expenditure on health per capita in international dollars(PPP)is used as a measure of input.Panel data for the period 2003-2014 was extracted from databases of the WHO and the World Bank.Results:In all but five countries covered in the study,a decline in the mean total factor productivity is observed during the period 2003-2014.The decline is driven by technical regress.In all countries,the technical change component of the Malmquist TFP index is less than unity(range:0.896 to 0.945).All countries exhibited growth in efficiency(efficiency change exceeding one)except two countries(Djibouti and Iraq).The growth in efficiency was mainly due to change in scale efficiency.Overall,total factor productivity in the region declined by 3.8%.This was due to a 9.1%decline in technical change,which overshadowed the 5.8%increase in efficiency.Three countries-Libya,Qatar and Yemen-showed a marginal growth in total factor productivity.There was no change in total factor productivity in Kuwait and Lebanon.Conclusion:The decline in total factor productivity over the study period is likely to hamper achieving the targets of Sustainable Development Goal 3 of ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages.It is recommended that country-level studies on efficiency and productivity of health systems be conducted in order to intensively examine the determinants of inefficiency and productivity decline and implement appropriate interventions that could enhance efficiency and productivity.
基金This paper is in a project sponsored by The Special Fund Construction of Guangdong Higher Education It was alsoselected to beincluded in the presentations at the 4th Asia TEFL Conferencein Fukuoka,Japan
文摘In the context of Chinese learning English writing to learn and length approach is one of the highlighted concepts and practices. It entails sufficient comprehensible input and active interaction. It is found that the theme-based modules/units, if organized and performed meaningfully and closely related to the learners' life and experiences, will best integrate these three elements in the process of the second language learning, which is geared in some major aspects to the whole language philosophy. 'Writing to learn' is a product of reverse thinking. In a theme-based module/unit, a writing task of the same theme is put at its end with some requirements for language enhancement. It serves as an engine to learn other skills. In reality, it is not writing alone that functions in the SLA, but writing at the final stage that requires comprehended input and good qualitative interaction together to fuel SLA. An experiment of 20 weeks shows the positive results for the model.
