Efficacy and safety of over-the-scope clip: Including complications after endoscopic submucosal dissection

AIM: To retrospectively review the results of over-thescope clip (OTSC) use in our hospital and to examine the feasibility of using the OTSC to treat perforations after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). METHODS: We enrolled 23 patients who presented with gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, fistulae and perforations and were treated with OTSCs (Ovesco Endoscopy GmbH, Tuebingen, Germany) between November 2011 and September 2012. Maximum lesion size was defined as lesion diameter. The number of OTSCs to be used per patient was not decided until the lesion was completely closed. We used a twin grasper (Ovesco Endoscopy GmbH, Tuebingen, Germany) as a grasping device for all the patients. A 9 mm OTSC was chosen for use in the esophagus and colon, and a 10 mm device was used for the stomach, duodenum and rectum. The overall success rate and complications were evaluated, with a particular emphasis on patients who had undergone ESD due to adenocarcinoma. In technical successful cases we included not only complete closing by using OTSCs, but also partial closing where complete closure with OTSCs is almost difficult. In overall clinical successful cases we included only complete closing by using only OTSCs perfectly. All the OTSCs were placed by 2 experienced endoscopists. The sites closed after ESD included not only the perforation site but also all defective ulcers sites.RESULTS: A total of 23 patients [mean age 77 years (range 64-98 years)] underwent OTSC placement during the study period. The indications for OTSC placement were GI bleeding (n = 9), perforation (n = 10), fistula (n = 4) and the prevention of post-ESD duodenal artificial ulcer perforation (n = 1). One patient had a perforation caused by a glycerin enema, after which a fistula formed. Lesion closure using the OTSC alone was successful in 19 out of 23 patients, and overall success rate was 82.6%. A large lesion size (greater than 20 mm) and a delayed diagnosis (more than 1 wk) were the major contributing factors for the overall unsuccessful clinical cases. The location of the unsuccessful lesion was in the stomach. The median operation time in the successful cases was 18 min, and the average observation time was 67 d. During the observation period, none of the patients experienced any complications associated with OTSC placement. In addition, we successfully used the OTSC to close the perforation site after ESD in 6 patients. This was a single-center, retrospective study with a small sample size. CONCLUSION: The OTSC is effective for treating GI bleeding, fistulae as well as perforations, and the OTSC technique proofed effective treatment for perforation after ESD.

Novel treatment options for perforations of the upper gastrointestinal tract:Endoscopic vacuum therapy and over-the-scope clips

Endoscopic management of leakages and perforations of the upper gastrointestinal tract has gained great importance as it avoids the morbidity and mortality of surgical intervention.In the past years,covered selfexpanding metal stents were the mainstay of endoscopic therapy.However,two new techniques are now available that enlarge the possibilities of defect closure:endoscopic vacuum therapy(EVT),and over-the-scope clip(OTSC).EVT is performed by mounting a polyurethane sponge on a gastric tube and placing it into the leakage.Continuous suction is applied via the tube resulting in effective drainage of the cavity and the induction of wound healing,comparable to the application of vacuum therapy in cutaneous wounds.The system is changed every 3-5 d.The overall success rate of EVT in the literature ranges from 84%to 100%,with a mean of 90%;only few complications have been reported.OTSCs are loaded on a transparent cap which is mounted on the tip of a standard endoscope.By bringing the edges of the perforation into the cap,by suction or by dedicated devices,such as anchor or twin grasper,the OTSC can be placed to close the perforation.For acute endoscopy associated perforations,the mean success rate is 90%(range:70%-100%).For other types of perforations(postoperative,other chronic leaks and fistulas)success rates are somewhat lower(68%,and59%,respectively).Only few complications have been reported.Although first reports are promising,further studies are needed to define the exact role of EVT and OTSC in treatment algorithms of upper gastrointestinal perforations.

First-line endoscopic treatment with over-the-scope clips significantly improves the primary failure and rebleeding rates in high-risk gastrointestinal bleeding: A single-center experience with 100 cases

AIM To evaluate rebleeding, primary failure(PF) and mortality of patients in whom over-the-scope clips(OTSCs) were used as first-line and second-line endoscopic treatment(FLET, SLET) of upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding(UGIB, LGIB).METHODS A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database identified all patients with UGIB and LGIB in a tertiary endoscopic referral center of the University of Freiburg, Germany, from 04-2012 to 05-2016(n= 93) who underwent FLET and SLET with OTSCs. The complete Rockall risk scores were calculated from patients with UGIB. The scores were categorized as < or ≥ 7 and were compared with the original Rockall data. Differences between FLET and SLET were calculated. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to evaluate the factors that influenced rebleeding after OTSC placement.RESULTS Primary hemostasis and clinical success of bleeding lesions(without rebleeding) was achieved in 88/100(88%) and 78/100(78%), respectively. PF was significantly lower when OTSCs were applied as FLET compared to SLET(4.9% vs 23%, P = 0.008). In multivariate analysis, patients who had OTSC placement as SLET had a significantly higher rebleeding risk compared to those who had FLET(OR 5.3; P = 0.008). Patients with Rockall risk scores ≥ 7 had a significantly higher in-hospital mortality compared to those with scores < 7(35% vs 10%, P = 0.034). No significant differences were observed in patients with scores < or ≥ 7 in rebleeding and rebleeding-associated mortality.CONCLUSION Our data show for the first time that FLET with OTSC might be the best predictor to successfully prevent rebleeding of gastrointestinal bleeding compared to SLET. The type of treatment determines the success of primary hemostasis or primary failure.

Multipurpose use of the over-the-scope-clip system(“Bear claw”) in the gastrointestinal tract:Swiss experience in a tertiary center

AIM:To evaluate the outcome of over-the-scope-clip system(OTSC)for endoscopic treatment of various indications in daily clinical practice in Switzerland.METHODS:This prospective,consecutive case series was conducted at a tertiary care hospital from September 2010 to January 2014.Indications for OTSC application were fistulae,anastomotic leakage,perforation,unroofed submucosal lesion for biopsy,refractory bleeding,and stent fixation in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract.Primary technical success was defined as the adequate deployment of the OTSC on the target lesion.Clinical success was defined as resolution of the problem;for instance,no requirement for surgery or further endoscopic intervention.In cases of recurrence,retreatment of a lesion with a second intervention was possible.Complications were classified into those related to sedation,endoscopy,or deployment of the clip.RESULTS:A total of 28 OTSC system applications werecarried out in 21 patients[median age 64 years(range42-85),33%females].The main indications were fistulae(52%),mostly after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube removal,and anastomotic leakage after GI surgery(29%).Further indications were unroofed submucosal lesions after biopsy,upper gastrointestinal bleeding,or esophageal stent fixation.The OTSC treatments were applied either in the upper(48%)or lower(52%)GI tract.The mean lesion size was 8 mm(range:2-20 mm).Primary technical success and clinical success rates were 85%and 67%,respectively.In53%of cases,the suction method was used without accessories(e.g.,twin grasper or tissue anchor).No endoscopy-related or OTSC-related complications were observed.CONCLUSION:OTSC is a useful tool for endoscopic closure of various GI lesions,including fistulae and leakages.Future randomized prospective multicenter trials are warranted.

Clinical efficacy of the over-the-scope clip device: A systematic review

BACKGROUND The over-the-scope clip(OTSC)system has been increasingly utilized as a nonsurgical option to endoscopically manage refractory gastrointestinal(GI)hemorrhage,perforations/luminal defects and fistulas.Limited data exist evaluating the efficacy and safety of OTSC.AIM To determine the clinical success and adverse event(AE)rates of OTSC across all GI indications.METHODS A PubMed search was conducted for eligible articles describing the application of the OTSC system for any indication in the GI tract.Any article or case series reporting data for less than 5 total patients was excluded.The primary outcome was the rate of clinical success.Secondary outcomes included:Technical success rate,OTSC-related AE rate and requirement for surgical intervention despite-OTSC placement.Pooled rates(per-indication and overall)were calculated as the number of patients with the event of interest divided by the total number of patients.RESULTS A total of 85 articles met our inclusion criteria(n=3025 patients).OTSC was successfully deployed in 94.4%of patients(n=2856/3025).The overall rate of clinical success(all indications)was 78.4%(n=2371/3025).Per-indication clinical success rates were as follows:(1)86.0%(1120/1303)for GI hemorrhage;(2)85.3%(399/468)for perforation;(3)55.8%(347/622)for fistulae;(4)72.6%(284/391)for anastomotic leaks;(5)92.8%(205/221)for defect closure following endoscopic resection(e.g.,following endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection);and(6)80.0%(16/20)for stent fixation.AE’s related to the deployment of OTSC were only reported in 64 of 85 studies(n=1942 patients),with an overall AE rate of 2.1%(n=40/1942).Salvage surgical intervention was required in 4.7%of patients(n=143/3025).CONCLUSION This systematic review demonstrates that the OTSC system is a safe and effective endoscopic therapy to manage GI hemorrhage,perforations,anastomotic leaks,defects created by endoscopic resections and for stent fixation.Clinical success in fistula management appears limited.Further studies,including randomized controlled trials comparing OTSC with conventional and/or surgical therapies,are needed to determine which indication(s)are the most effective for its use.

Endoscopic closure instead of surgery to close an ileal pouch fistula with the over-the-scope clip system

An ileal pouch fistula is an uncommon complication after an ileal pouch anal anastomosis. Most patients who suffer from an ileal pouch fistula will need surgical intervention. However, the surgery can be invasive and has a high risk compared to endoscopic treatment. The over-the-scope clip(OTSC) system was initially developed for hemostasis and leakage closure in the gastrointestinal tract during flexible endoscopy. There have been many successes in using this approach to apply perforations to the upper gastrointestinal tract. However, this approach has not been used for ileal pouch fistulas until currently. In this report, we describe one patient who suffered a leak from the tip of the "J" pouch and was successfully treated with endoscopic closure via the OTSC system. A 26-year-old male patient had an intestinal fistula at the tip of the "J" pouch after an ileal pouch anal anastomosis procedure. He received endoscopic treatment via OTSC under intravenous anesthesia, and the leak was closed successfully. Endoscopic closure of a pouch fistula could be a simpler alternative to surgery and could help avoid surgeryrelated complications.

Novel endoscopic over-the-scope clip system

This paper reports our experience with a new overthe-scope clip in the setting of recurrent bleeding and oesophageal fistula. We treated five patients with the over-the-scope Padlock Clip?. It is a nitinol ring, with six inner needles preassembled on an applicator cap, thumb press displaced by the Lock-It? delivery system. The trigger wire is located alongside the shaft of the endoscope, and does not require the working channel. Three patients had recurrent bleeding lesions(bleeding rectal ulcer, post polypectomy delayed bleeding and duodenal Dieulafoy's lesion) and two patients had a persistent respiratory-esophageal fistula. In all patients a previous endoscopic attempt with standard techniques had been useless. All procedures were conducted under conscious sedation but for one patient that required general anaesthesia due to multiple comorbidities. We used one Padlock Clip? for each patient in a single session. Simple suction was enough in all of our patients to obtain tissue adhesion to the instrument tip. A remarkably short application time was recorded for all cases(mean duration of the procedure: 8 min). We obtained technical and immediate clinical success for every patient. No major immediate, early or late(within 24 h, 7 d or 4 wk) adverse events were observed, over follow-up durations lasting a mean of 109.4 d. One patient, treated for duodenal bulb bleeding from a Dieulafoy's lesion, developed signs of mild pancreatitis 24 h after the procedure. The new over-the-scope Padlock Clip? seems to be simple to use and effective in different clinical settings, particularly in "difficult" scenarios, like recurrent bleeding and respiratory-oesophageal fistulas.

Effectiveness and safety of over-the-scope clip in closing perforations after duodenal surgery

BACKGROUND Endoscopic resection of duodenal subepithelial lesions(SELs)is a difficult procedure with a high risk of perforation.At present,dealing with perforation after endoscopic resection of duodenal SELs is still considered a great challenge.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of an over-the-scope clip(OTSC)in the treatment of perforation post-endoscopic resection of duodenal SELs.METHODS From May 2015 to November 2019,18 patients with perforation following endoscopic resection of duodenal SELs were treated with OTSCs.Data comprising the rate of complete resection,closure of intraprocedural perforation,delayed bleeding,delayed perforation,and postoperative infection were extracted.RESULTS The rate of complete removal of duodenal SELs and successful closure of the perforation was 100%.The median perforation size was 1 cm in diameter.Seventeen patients had minor intraoperative bleeding,while the remaining 1 patient had considerable amount of bleeding during the procedure.Seven patients had postoperative abdominal infections,of which 1 patient developed an abscess in the right iliac fossa and another patient developed septic shock.All 18 patients recovered and were discharged.No delayed bleeding or perforation was reported.The mean time taken to resume normal diet after the procedure was 6.5 d.The mean postoperative hospital stay was 9.5 d.No residual or recurrent lesions were detected during the follow-up period(15-66 mo).CONCLUSION Closing a perforation after endoscopic resection of duodenal SELs with OTSCs seems to be an effective and reasonably safe therapeutic method.

Over-the-scope clip to close a gastrocutaneous fistula after esophagectomy

Over-the-scope clip(OTSC) system is becoming a new reliable technique which is available for the endoscopic closure of fistulas, bleeding, perforations and so on. We describe the case of a patient with a nonhealing gastrocutaneous fistula after esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma which was successfully closed using an OTSC system. This is the first report of the use of OTSC to treat a nonhealing gastrocutaneous fistula successfully after esophagectomy. We believe our experience will give such patients an ideal way to cure the fistula without suffering too much and also explore new application of OTSC.

Endoscopic full-thickness resection using an over-the-scope device:A prospective study

BACKGROUND Endoscopic submucosal dissection to treat mucosal and submucosal lesions sometimes results in low rates of microscopically margin-negative(R0)resection.Endoscopic full-thickness resection(EFTR)has a high R0 resection rate and allows for the definitive diagnosis and treatment of selected mucosal and submucosal lesions that are not suitable for conventional resection techniques.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of EFTR using an over-the-scope clip(OTSC).METHODS This prospective,single-center,non-randomized clinical trial was conducted at the endoscopy center of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University.The study included patients aged 18-70 years who had gastric or colorectal submucosal tumors(SMTs)(≤20 mm in diameter)originating from the muscularis propria based on endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)and patients who had early-stage gastric or colorectal cancer(≤20 mm in diameter)based on EUS and computed tomography.All lesions were treated by EFTR combined with an OTSC for wound closure between November 2014 and October 2016.We analyzed patient demographics,lesion features,histopathological diagnoses,R0 resection(negative margins)status,adverse events,and follow-up results.RESULTS A total of 68 patients(17 men and 51 women)with an average age of 52.0±10.5 years(32-71 years)were enrolled in this study,which included 66 gastric or colorectal SMTs and 2 early-stage colorectal cancers.The mean tumor diameter was 12.6±4.3 mm.The EFTR procedure was successful in all cases.The mean EFTR procedure time was 39.6±38.0 min.The mean OTSC defect closure time was 5.0±3.8 min,and the success rate of closure for defects was 100%.Histologically complete resection(R0)was achieved in 67(98.5%)patients.Procedure-related adverse events were observed in 11(16.2%)patients.The average post-procedure length of follow-up was 48.2±15.7 mo.There was no recurrence during follow-up.CONCLUSION EFTR combined with an OTSC is an effective and safe technique for the removal of select subepithelial and epithelial lesions that are not amenable to conventional endoscopic resection techniques.

OTSC吻合夹在消化道出血治疗中的应用

消化道出血是胃肠道疾病和消化道术后常见并发症,如不及时救治,可继发失血性休克,甚至危及生命。目前消化道出血的内镜下治疗措施主要包括内镜下夹闭术、内镜下注射肾上腺素生理盐水、氩离子凝固术(APC)、电凝术和热探头凝固等。内镜下金属夹止血术主要包括传统through-the-scope clip(TTSC)止血术和新型over-the-scope clip(OTSC)闭合术。本文就OTSC吻合夹在消化道出血治疗中的应用作一综述。

OTSC吻合夹对难治性消化道出血的效果观察

目的:分析难治性消化道出血患者采取OTSC吻合夹治疗的效果,为临床实践提供参考。方法:将2018年1月至2019年12月深圳市第二人民医院收治的消化性溃疡致难治性消化道出血患者58例作为研究对象,采取随机分组的方式将患者划分为观察组及对照组,每组29例。对观察组患者采取OTSC吻合夹进行治疗,对对照组患者采取传统外科手术方式进行治疗,比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果:观察组患者的手术时间、住院时间都明显的比对照组患者更短,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者的急性期止血率均达到了100%。观察组患者的术后并发症发生率较对照组患者显著更低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:较传统外科手术治疗方式而言,OTSC吻合夹可以对难治性消化道出血患者起到更加理想的治疗效果,使患者的手术时间、住院时间明显缩短,减少患者术后并发症。

Advancements in endoscopic hemostasis for non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal(GI)bleeding is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality.Traditionally,through-the-scope(TTS)clips,thermal therapy,and injection therapies are used to treat GI bleeding.In this review,we provide an overview of novel endoscopic treatments that can be used to achieve hemostasis.Specifically,we discuss the efficacy and applicability of over-thescope clips,hemostatic agents,TTS doppler ultrasound,and endoscopic ultrasound,each of which offer an effective method of reducing rates of GI rebleeding.

Role of over the scope clips in the management of iatrogenic gastrointestinal perforations

Advances in endoscopic and surgical techniques have increased the frequency and complexity of these procedures and associated complications such as gastrointestinal perforation. With the advancements in the field of gastroenterology, the promising use of an over the scope clips(OTSC) has fulfilled the unmet need for a reliable endoscopic devise in approximation of gastrointestinal perforation. This novel approach has raised the level of confidence in endoscopist in dealing with this serious complication during endoscopy. Here we have shared our experience with OTSC to evaluate its efficacy and safety in managing iatrogenic gastrointestinal perforations during endoscopy.

Outcomes of gastrointestinal defect closure with an overthe-scope clip system in a multicenter experience: An analysis of a successful suction method

To demonstrate the clinical outcomes of a multicenter experience and to suggest guidelines for choosing a suction method.METHODSThis retrospective study at 5 medical centers involved 58 consecutive patients undergoing over-the-scope clips (OTSCs) placement. The overall rates of technical success (TSR), clinical success (CSR), complications, and procedure time were analyzed as major outcomes. Subsequently, 56 patients, excluding two cases that used the Anchor device, were divided into two groups: 14 cases of simple suction (SS-group) and 42 cases using the Twin Grasper (TG-group). Secondary evaluation was performed to clarify the predictors of OTSC success.RESULTSThe TSR, CSR, complication rate, and median procedure time were 89.7%, 84.5%, 1.8%, and 8 (range 1-36) min, respectively, demonstrating good outcomes. However, significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the mean procedure time (5.9 min vs 14.1 min). The CSR of the SS- and TG-groups among cases with a maximum defect size ≤ 10 mm and immediate or acute refractory bleeding was 100%, which suggests that SS is a better method than TG in terms of time efficacy. The CSR in the SS-group (78.6%), despite the technical success of the SS method (TSR, 100%), tended to decrease due to delayed leakage compared to that in the TG-group (TSR, CSR; 88.1%), indicating that TG may be desirable for leaks and fistulae with defects of the entire layer.CONCLUSIONOTSC system is a safe and effective therapeutic option for gastrointestinal defects. Individualized selection of the suction method based on particular clinical conditions may contribute to the improvement of OTSC success.

OTSC吻合夹治疗胃Dieulafoy病出血效果评价

目的探究OTSC吻合夹治疗胃Dieulafoy病出血临床效果。方法从2015年9月—2018年2月随机选取在该院治疗胃Dieulafoy病的患者共60例,分为对照组和实验组、观察组,每组20例,对照组采用镜下注射肾上腺素,观察组采用钛夹治疗,实验组采用OTSC吻合夹治疗,分别观察3组患者第一次止血成功率、再次出血率、再次手术率、手术中出血量、住院时间、手术所需时间。结果实验组第一次止血成功率、再次出血率、再次手术率均优于观察组(100.00%vs 55.00%;5.00%vs 30.00%;5.00%vs 40.00%);差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.14,P<0.05;χ2=4.32,P<0.05;χ2=7.02,P<0.05)实验组第一次止血成功率、再次出血率、再次手术率均优于对照组(100.00%vs 50.00%;5.00%vs60.00%;5.00%vs 50.00%)(χ2=13.33,P<0.05;χ2=4.32,P<0.05;χ2=7.02,P<0.05);实验组手手术中出血量、住院时间、手术所需时间少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论与注射肾上腺素、钛夹治疗相比,OTSC吻合夹治疗胃Dieulafoy病不仅利于减少患者在手术中出血量、手术所需要时间、住院时间,更利于降低患者再次手术治疗率,该模式可作为内镜下治疗止血的首先方案,值得临床推广使用。

内镜OTSC吻合夹联合肾上腺素治疗消化性溃疡活动性出血的效果观察

目的探讨内镜OTSC吻合夹联合肾上腺素治疗消化性溃疡活动性出血的临床效果。方法选取2020年3月~2022年3月在玉树州人民医院就诊的消化性溃疡活动性出血患者70例,采用随机数表法分为观察组[肾上腺素+OTSC吻合夹+质子泵抑制剂(PPI)]和对照组(肾上腺素+PPI),各35例。对比两组临床疗效、治疗指标、血红蛋白和血细胞比容水平、凝血功能指标及不良反应发生情况。结果两组总有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组呕血消失时间、黑便消失时间、止血时间、住院时间和再出血率与对照组比较,均显著减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组血细胞比容和血红蛋白水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组血细胞比容和血红蛋白均显著高于治疗前,且观察组血细胞比容和血红蛋白均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,与对照组比较,观察组凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)均显著降低,纤维蛋白原(Fib)和血小板(PLT)均显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论内镜OTSC吻合夹联合肾上腺素治疗消化性溃疡活动性出血的效果显著且安全性良好,同时可以提高血细胞比容和血红蛋白的水平,改善患者的凝血功能,值得临床应用。

New hope for esophageal stricture prevention:A prospective singlecentertrial on acellular dermal matrix

BACKGROUNDGiven the high incidence of esophageal cancer in China,an increasing number ofpatients there are undergoing endoscopic mucosal dissection(ESD).Although the5-year survival rate after ESD can exceed 95%,esophageal stricture,the mostcommon and serious postoperative complication,affects the long-term prognosisof patients and the quality of life.Autologous mucosal grafts have proven to besuccessful in preventing stricture after ESD for early esophageal cancer.AIMTo examine the viability of acellular dermal matrix(ADM)as an alternative to autologous mucosa for the prevention of stricture after ESD.METHODSThis is a prospective,single-center,controlled study.Consecutive patients who underwent ESD surgery and werewilling to undergo autologous mucosal transplantation were recruited between January 1 and December 31,2017.Consecutive patients who underwent ESD surgery and were willing to undergo ADM transplantation wererecruited between January 1 to December 31,2019.A final three-year follow-up of patients who receivedtransplants was conducted.RESULTSBased on the current incidence of esophageal stricture,the sample size required for both the autologous mucosalgraft group and the ADM group was calculated to be 160 cases.Due to various factors,a total of 20 patients withautologous mucosal grafts and 25 with ADM grafts were recruited.Based on the inclusion exclusion andwithdrawal criteria,9 patients ultimately received autologous mucosal grafts and completed the follow-up,while11 patients received ADM grafts and completed the follow-up.Finally,there were 2 cases of stenosis in theautologous mucosal transplantation group with a stenosis rate of 22.22%and 2 cases of stenosis in the ADMtransplantation group with a stenosis rate of 18.18%,with no significant difference noted between the groups(P=0.94).CONCLUSIONIn this prospective,single-center,controlled trial,we compared the effectiveness of autologous mucosatransplantation and ADM for the prevention of esophageal stricture.Due to certain condition limitations,we wereunable to recruit sufficient subjects meeting our target requirements.However,we implemented strict inclusion,exclusion,and withdrawal criteria and successfully completed three years of follow-up,resulting in valuableclinical insights.Based on our findings,we hypothesize that ADM may be similarly effective to autologousmucosal transplantation in the prevention of esophageal stricture,offering a comparable and alternative approach.This study provides a new therapeutic idea and direction for the prevention of esophageal stricture.

内镜OTSC系统在结直肠癌术后吻合口漏(瘘)治疗中的研究进展

吻合口漏(AL)作为结直肠癌术后一种并发症,严重影响患者预后,甚至威胁患者生命。目前AL的治疗包括结肠造口转流手术或长期全肠外营养加腹腔引流等保守治疗,但总体治疗效果并不令人满意。近年来,内镜技术已成为治疗吻合口漏(瘘)的又一可行手段,其中一种新型耙状闭合系统(OTSC)以其操作简单、并发症少、技术成功率以及临床成功率高得到临床医生的肯定。

内镜下止血技术在急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血的应用价值研究

目的综合评估消化内镜下止血技术在急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血(acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding,ANVUGIB)中的临床疗效及经济效益。方法采用回顾性研究方法,选取2018年10月—2020年10月在苏州大学附属第一医院总院区就诊的95例ANVUGIB患者,按照是否予以内镜下止血治疗,将其分为观察组(n=59)及对照组(n=36)。观察组采用消化内镜下止血,对照组采用抑酸、止血等药物保守疗法进行治疗。通过比较两组的止血有效率、再出血率、输血率、住院时间、住院总费用来综合比较两种方法对治疗ANVUGIB的临床价值。在观察组中进行亚组分析,比较常规内镜方法及新型内镜外侧金属夹(over-the-scope clip,OTSC)对ANVUGIB患者的疗效,探讨OTSC用于ANVUGIB一线疗法的效果。结果观察组止血有效率高于对照组(P<0.05),再出血率、输血率、住院时间低于对照组(P<0.05),但两组住院总费用差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。亚组分析中,OTSC止血操作时间、住院时间低于常规内镜治疗,但住院费用高于常规内镜治疗(P<0.05)。在高危ANVUGIB患者中,OTSC止血有效率高、再出血率低(P<0.05),住院时间和住院费用差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论消化内镜下止血在治疗ANVUGIB中效果显著,OTSC在高危ANVUGIB的一线治疗中效果更优。