[Objective] This study was to investigate the effects of different irrigation amount on water consumption and water use efficiency of greenhouse cucumber.[Method]Under the condition of drip irrigation with different w...[Objective] This study was to investigate the effects of different irrigation amount on water consumption and water use efficiency of greenhouse cucumber.[Method]Under the condition of drip irrigation with different water amounts in sunlight greenhouse of the arid areas in Ningxia,the soil water was measured and the water consumption of crop was calculated.[Result]When irrigation amount was 563 mm,the water consumption as a whole gradually increased with the delay of growth period,reached peak during the thriving stage of fruit setting,and then gradually declined;in each treatment,the daily water consumption increased with the increasing of irrigation amount during each growth period.However,the consumption of soil moisture reduced with the significant increase of irrigation.563 mm of irrigation amount could meet the water requirements of cucumber and began to add water to soil,and water utilization efficiency could reach 33.4 kg/m3.[Conclusion]The research had provided theoretical basis for water management in the production process of greenhouse cucumber.展开更多
ln order to explore the design and construction of cucumber powdery mildew warning system in solar greenhouse, internet of things technology was used to conduct the real-time dynamic monitoring of the incidence of cuc...ln order to explore the design and construction of cucumber powdery mildew warning system in solar greenhouse, internet of things technology was used to conduct the real-time dynamic monitoring of the incidence of cucumber powdery mildew and cucumber growth environment in solar greenhouse. The growth environ-ment included temperature and humidity of air and soil. Logistic regression model was used to construct cucumber powdery mildew warning model. The results showed that humidity characteristic variable (maximum air humidity) and temperature characteristic variable (maximum air temperature) had significant effects on the inci-dence probability of cucumber powdery mildew in solar greenhouse. And it was fea-sible to construct cucumber powdery mildew warning system in solar greenhouse with internet of things.展开更多
The solar greenhouse without heating system has been widely used for vegetable production in Northeast China since the 1980s. The experiment was conducted in the solar greenhouse to study the relationship between evap...The solar greenhouse without heating system has been widely used for vegetable production in Northeast China since the 1980s. The experiment was conducted in the solar greenhouse to study the relationship between evapotranspiration (ET) of cucumber and climatic factors. Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) and pan evaporation (Ep) were applied to determine cucumber evapotranspiration by regression methods. Results showed that the ET of cucumber increased with the increasing of solar radiation, air temperature and vapor pressure. The solar radiation was the most important factor that influences ET among environmental parameters. The determination coefficient (R2) was 0.865 between ET and Ep, higher than that between ET and ET0 (application of a constant vegetation coefficient, R2 = 0.46). The pan coefficient (kp, determined from the ratio of ET to Ep) and the crop coefficients (kc, determined from the ratio of ET to ET0) showed considerable variability and no obvious systematic pattern could be described throughout the study period. Ep was linearly related to ET and 20 cm pan can be well used to determine the water requirement of cucumber under subsurface drip irrigation in this type of solar greenhouse.展开更多
Greenhouse canopy transpiration not only has effects on greenhouse air temperature and humidity, but also is important for determining the set-point of fertigation. In this study, Penman-Monteith equation was used to ...Greenhouse canopy transpiration not only has effects on greenhouse air temperature and humidity, but also is important for determining the set-point of fertigation. In this study, Penman-Monteith equation was used to calculate the greenhouse cucumber canopy transpiration under summer climate condition. The effects of greenhouse environmental factors on canopy transpiration were analyzed based on the measurements of greenhouse microclimate factors and canopy transpiration. The results showed that Penman-Monteith equation was reliable and robust in estimating greenhouse cucumber canopy transpiration under summer climate condition. Greenhouse cucumber canopy transpiration rate increased linearly with the increase of net radiation and water vapor pressure deficit (VPD) above the canopy. But the maximum value of the canopy transpiration rate occurred at the same time as that of VPD whereas about two hours later than that of net radiation. Based on the results, it was concluded that in addition to radiation, air humidity should also be considered when determine the set-point of fertigation.展开更多
The influence of light and temperature conditions inside solar greenhouse of winter-spring and autumn-winter crop in northern China on uptake and distribution of nitrogen. phosphorus and potassium of cucumber was stud...The influence of light and temperature conditions inside solar greenhouse of winter-spring and autumn-winter crop in northern China on uptake and distribution of nitrogen. phosphorus and potassium of cucumber was studied. The results showed that plant root development and uptake and distribution of N, P and K benefited more from inside light and temperature changes in winter-spring crop. Root volume and root activity increased more rapidly in winter-spring than in autumn-winter. Uptake of total N, P2O5 and K2O increased with plant development in winter-spring, and declined in autumn-winter crop. Distribution of total N, P2O5 and K2O at different part of cucumber at fruit bearing stage was significantly influenced by inside light and temperature of solar greenhouse. Total N, P2O5 and K2O were mainly distributed to leaves and stems at early stage, and increasingly to fruits after fruit bearing.展开更多
This research was conducted to investigate the effects of three heating systems on cucumber yield,and cost and gas volume consumed in greenhouses located in Varamin region,Tehran province,Iran.Conventional heating sys...This research was conducted to investigate the effects of three heating systems on cucumber yield,and cost and gas volume consumed in greenhouses located in Varamin region,Tehran province,Iran.Conventional heating systems used in the greenhouses are:central heating system(including boiler+hot water pipes),gas heater system(including double-walled tank+blower)and traditional furnace system(including ignition chamber+torch+pipes carrying a mixture of hot air and flammable gases).The study was carried out for two consecutive cucumber cultivation periods from January to June.Average values of crop yield,volume and cost of gas consumed were determined separately for each heating system.Results of the study indicated that the central heating system with the highest crop yield(295 t/ha),and the lowest volume(100,000 m^(3)/ha)and cost(840 USD/ha)of gas consumed was the best and most suitable heating system for greenhouses producing cucumbers in Varamin region and other regions with the same and similar climate as well as regions with active greenhouses in the cold season.展开更多
This research was conducted to study the effect of different heating systems in cucumber production greenhouses in Varamin region,Tehran province,Iran on crop yield,volume and cost of gas consumed.Three types of conve...This research was conducted to study the effect of different heating systems in cucumber production greenhouses in Varamin region,Tehran province,Iran on crop yield,volume and cost of gas consumed.Three types of conventional heating systems,namely the central heating system(including boiler+hot water pipes),gas heater system(including double-walled tank+blower)and traditional furnace system(including ignition chamber+torch+pipes carrying a mixture of hot air and flammable gases)were studied during two consecutive periods of greenhouse cucumber cultivation in the cold season(from January to June),and average values of crop yield,volume and cost of gas consumed were determined separately.Results of the study indicated that the central heating system with the highest crop yield(295 tha^-1),and the lowest volume(100,000 m3ha^-1)and cost(210,000,000 Rialsha^-1)of gas consumed was the best and most suitable heating system for greenhouses producing cucumbers in Varamin region and other regions with the same and similar climate as well as regions with active greenhouses in the cold season.展开更多
The photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carboxylation efficiency (CE) were observed to be the highest in mid-position leaves of cucumber in solar-greenhouse, second in upper and middle-lower position leaves, and lowest in lo...The photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carboxylation efficiency (CE) were observed to be the highest in mid-position leaves of cucumber in solar-greenhouse, second in upper and middle-lower position leaves, and lowest in lower-position leaves. The saturation light of the mid-position leaves was also the highest, while the photo compensation points of the upper, middle and lower position leaves decreased as the leaf-position descended. During the growth period, the Pn of most leaves enhanced as PFD increased. Pn curves of diurnal variation in different position leaves had single-peak which appeared at 12: 00 a. m. As the plant density increased, the PFD of different layer leaves decreased, especially of the lower position leaves. The effect of plant density on the Pn of the upper-position leaves was not visible, but on the light compensation points was obvious. As to lower position leaves, the Pn and saturation light decreased as the plant density increased, but the light compensation points were not obviously affected. Cucumber leaves had certain capacity of adaptation and adjustment to light intensity which expressed as the lower the PFD, the higher the apparent quantum yield (AQY). So the AQY increased as the leaf position descended and plant density increased.展开更多
Nitrate-nitrogen content of groundwater are ever-increasing in underneath vegetable growing areas, in this paper, based on field test of cucumber cultivated in Solar Greenhouse in North China, we study the effects of ...Nitrate-nitrogen content of groundwater are ever-increasing in underneath vegetable growing areas, in this paper, based on field test of cucumber cultivated in Solar Greenhouse in North China, we study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application levels (250, 300, 350kg/hm2) and different nitrogen fertilizer types (urea, urea + nitrification inhibitor, slow-release fertilizer) on temporal and spatial variation of soil nitrate-nitrogen content in different soil depth, soil nitrogen fertilizer retention and nitrogen use efficiency during cucumber growth period. The results show that, in the cases of nitrogen fertilizer types (urea and urea + nitrification inhibitor), for surface soil (0 - 40 cm soil depth), the temporal trend of soil nitrate-nitrogen content variation is similar: during the early stage of cucumber growth, soil nitrate-nitrogen content is relatively high;during the middle stage of cucumber growth, as nitrogen is constantly being absorbed by the vegetable, soil nitrate-nitrogen content decrease;during the late stage of cucumber growth, soil nitrate-nitrogen content increase, and increase more significantly when nitrification inhibitor is added in the fertilizer. For deep soil layer (40 - 100 cm depth), when only using urea, the temporal trend of soil nitrate-nitrogen content variation is that of continuous increase, when adding nitrification inhibitor, the temporal trend of soil nitrate-nitrogen content variation is that of insignificant increase. In the case of slow-release fertilizer, for both surface soil and deep soil layer, the temporal trend of soil nitrate-nitrogen content variation is that of continuous decrease. For all three types of nitrogen fertilizer, as fertilization level increase, soil nitrate-nitrogen content in various soil layers increase with it. In the case of fertilization at 300 kg/hm2 and 350 kg/hm2, adding nitrification inhibitor can increase soil retention of nitrogen fertilizer. This study suggests that adding nitrification inhibitors can increase soil retention of nitrogen fertilizer, decrease nitrate-nitrogen leaching downward, thereby reducing the pollution to groundwater.展开更多
Studying about the effect of four pseudomonas and two serratia isolates on growth of Fusarium oxysporum showed that, Pseudomonasfluorescens No.2 & No.3 and Serratia marcescens No.2 gave highest inhibition zones which...Studying about the effect of four pseudomonas and two serratia isolates on growth of Fusarium oxysporum showed that, Pseudomonasfluorescens No.2 & No.3 and Serratia marcescens No.2 gave highest inhibition zones which were 37.33, 35,00 and 31.33 mm, respectively. Evaluating about the effect ofpseudomonas and serratia culture filtrates at three concentrations (10, 25, 50%) on the linear growth and spore germination ofFusarium oxysporum revealed that, all filtrates of the tested isolates reduced the mycelial growth and spore germination of F. oxysporum. All filtrates of the tested isolates at 50% concentration completely inhabited spore germination ofF. oxysporurn. Culture filtrates of Pseudomonasputida and Serratia marcensens No.2 at 50% concentration reduced the mycelial growth of F. oxysporurn by 80.74 and 80.37% respectively. In this respect, all tested isolates made lysis to mycelial of F. oxysporum except Pseudornonasfluorescens No.3. Effect of treating cucumber seeds with cell suspension of pseudomonas and serratia isolates on incidence of Fusarium wilt disease revealed that all isolates were effective in reducing disease incidence and disease severity and increasing the percentage of healthy plants compared to the control. Pseudornonasfluorescens No.3 and Serratia marcensens No.2 were the best isolates and completely prevented the disease incidence.展开更多
基金Supported by National Key Technology R&D Program of China(2007BAD88B06)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was to investigate the effects of different irrigation amount on water consumption and water use efficiency of greenhouse cucumber.[Method]Under the condition of drip irrigation with different water amounts in sunlight greenhouse of the arid areas in Ningxia,the soil water was measured and the water consumption of crop was calculated.[Result]When irrigation amount was 563 mm,the water consumption as a whole gradually increased with the delay of growth period,reached peak during the thriving stage of fruit setting,and then gradually declined;in each treatment,the daily water consumption increased with the increasing of irrigation amount during each growth period.However,the consumption of soil moisture reduced with the significant increase of irrigation.563 mm of irrigation amount could meet the water requirements of cucumber and began to add water to soil,and water utilization efficiency could reach 33.4 kg/m3.[Conclusion]The research had provided theoretical basis for water management in the production process of greenhouse cucumber.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Support Program of Tianjin(15ZCZDNC00120)~~
文摘ln order to explore the design and construction of cucumber powdery mildew warning system in solar greenhouse, internet of things technology was used to conduct the real-time dynamic monitoring of the incidence of cucumber powdery mildew and cucumber growth environment in solar greenhouse. The growth environ-ment included temperature and humidity of air and soil. Logistic regression model was used to construct cucumber powdery mildew warning model. The results showed that humidity characteristic variable (maximum air humidity) and temperature characteristic variable (maximum air temperature) had significant effects on the inci-dence probability of cucumber powdery mildew in solar greenhouse. And it was fea-sible to construct cucumber powdery mildew warning system in solar greenhouse with internet of things.
基金supported by the Young Scientist Innovation Science of Shandong Agricultural University, China (23653)
文摘The solar greenhouse without heating system has been widely used for vegetable production in Northeast China since the 1980s. The experiment was conducted in the solar greenhouse to study the relationship between evapotranspiration (ET) of cucumber and climatic factors. Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) and pan evaporation (Ep) were applied to determine cucumber evapotranspiration by regression methods. Results showed that the ET of cucumber increased with the increasing of solar radiation, air temperature and vapor pressure. The solar radiation was the most important factor that influences ET among environmental parameters. The determination coefficient (R2) was 0.865 between ET and Ep, higher than that between ET and ET0 (application of a constant vegetation coefficient, R2 = 0.46). The pan coefficient (kp, determined from the ratio of ET to Ep) and the crop coefficients (kc, determined from the ratio of ET to ET0) showed considerable variability and no obvious systematic pattern could be described throughout the study period. Ep was linearly related to ET and 20 cm pan can be well used to determine the water requirement of cucumber under subsurface drip irrigation in this type of solar greenhouse.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60073028) the National“863”High-Tech Program(2001AA-247023)
文摘Greenhouse canopy transpiration not only has effects on greenhouse air temperature and humidity, but also is important for determining the set-point of fertigation. In this study, Penman-Monteith equation was used to calculate the greenhouse cucumber canopy transpiration under summer climate condition. The effects of greenhouse environmental factors on canopy transpiration were analyzed based on the measurements of greenhouse microclimate factors and canopy transpiration. The results showed that Penman-Monteith equation was reliable and robust in estimating greenhouse cucumber canopy transpiration under summer climate condition. Greenhouse cucumber canopy transpiration rate increased linearly with the increase of net radiation and water vapor pressure deficit (VPD) above the canopy. But the maximum value of the canopy transpiration rate occurred at the same time as that of VPD whereas about two hours later than that of net radiation. Based on the results, it was concluded that in addition to radiation, air humidity should also be considered when determine the set-point of fertigation.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (39830230) Beijing Natural Science Foundation (6011002).
文摘The influence of light and temperature conditions inside solar greenhouse of winter-spring and autumn-winter crop in northern China on uptake and distribution of nitrogen. phosphorus and potassium of cucumber was studied. The results showed that plant root development and uptake and distribution of N, P and K benefited more from inside light and temperature changes in winter-spring crop. Root volume and root activity increased more rapidly in winter-spring than in autumn-winter. Uptake of total N, P2O5 and K2O increased with plant development in winter-spring, and declined in autumn-winter crop. Distribution of total N, P2O5 and K2O at different part of cucumber at fruit bearing stage was significantly influenced by inside light and temperature of solar greenhouse. Total N, P2O5 and K2O were mainly distributed to leaves and stems at early stage, and increasingly to fruits after fruit bearing.
基金the Agricultural Research,Education and Extension Organization(AREEO)。
文摘This research was conducted to investigate the effects of three heating systems on cucumber yield,and cost and gas volume consumed in greenhouses located in Varamin region,Tehran province,Iran.Conventional heating systems used in the greenhouses are:central heating system(including boiler+hot water pipes),gas heater system(including double-walled tank+blower)and traditional furnace system(including ignition chamber+torch+pipes carrying a mixture of hot air and flammable gases).The study was carried out for two consecutive cucumber cultivation periods from January to June.Average values of crop yield,volume and cost of gas consumed were determined separately for each heating system.Results of the study indicated that the central heating system with the highest crop yield(295 t/ha),and the lowest volume(100,000 m^(3)/ha)and cost(840 USD/ha)of gas consumed was the best and most suitable heating system for greenhouses producing cucumbers in Varamin region and other regions with the same and similar climate as well as regions with active greenhouses in the cold season.
基金The supports provided by the Agricultural Research,Education and Extension Organization,Iran in research project number 2-41-14-031-960719 are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘This research was conducted to study the effect of different heating systems in cucumber production greenhouses in Varamin region,Tehran province,Iran on crop yield,volume and cost of gas consumed.Three types of conventional heating systems,namely the central heating system(including boiler+hot water pipes),gas heater system(including double-walled tank+blower)and traditional furnace system(including ignition chamber+torch+pipes carrying a mixture of hot air and flammable gases)were studied during two consecutive periods of greenhouse cucumber cultivation in the cold season(from January to June),and average values of crop yield,volume and cost of gas consumed were determined separately.Results of the study indicated that the central heating system with the highest crop yield(295 tha^-1),and the lowest volume(100,000 m3ha^-1)and cost(210,000,000 Rialsha^-1)of gas consumed was the best and most suitable heating system for greenhouses producing cucumbers in Varamin region and other regions with the same and similar climate as well as regions with active greenhouses in the cold season.
文摘The photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carboxylation efficiency (CE) were observed to be the highest in mid-position leaves of cucumber in solar-greenhouse, second in upper and middle-lower position leaves, and lowest in lower-position leaves. The saturation light of the mid-position leaves was also the highest, while the photo compensation points of the upper, middle and lower position leaves decreased as the leaf-position descended. During the growth period, the Pn of most leaves enhanced as PFD increased. Pn curves of diurnal variation in different position leaves had single-peak which appeared at 12: 00 a. m. As the plant density increased, the PFD of different layer leaves decreased, especially of the lower position leaves. The effect of plant density on the Pn of the upper-position leaves was not visible, but on the light compensation points was obvious. As to lower position leaves, the Pn and saturation light decreased as the plant density increased, but the light compensation points were not obviously affected. Cucumber leaves had certain capacity of adaptation and adjustment to light intensity which expressed as the lower the PFD, the higher the apparent quantum yield (AQY). So the AQY increased as the leaf position descended and plant density increased.
文摘Nitrate-nitrogen content of groundwater are ever-increasing in underneath vegetable growing areas, in this paper, based on field test of cucumber cultivated in Solar Greenhouse in North China, we study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application levels (250, 300, 350kg/hm2) and different nitrogen fertilizer types (urea, urea + nitrification inhibitor, slow-release fertilizer) on temporal and spatial variation of soil nitrate-nitrogen content in different soil depth, soil nitrogen fertilizer retention and nitrogen use efficiency during cucumber growth period. The results show that, in the cases of nitrogen fertilizer types (urea and urea + nitrification inhibitor), for surface soil (0 - 40 cm soil depth), the temporal trend of soil nitrate-nitrogen content variation is similar: during the early stage of cucumber growth, soil nitrate-nitrogen content is relatively high;during the middle stage of cucumber growth, as nitrogen is constantly being absorbed by the vegetable, soil nitrate-nitrogen content decrease;during the late stage of cucumber growth, soil nitrate-nitrogen content increase, and increase more significantly when nitrification inhibitor is added in the fertilizer. For deep soil layer (40 - 100 cm depth), when only using urea, the temporal trend of soil nitrate-nitrogen content variation is that of continuous increase, when adding nitrification inhibitor, the temporal trend of soil nitrate-nitrogen content variation is that of insignificant increase. In the case of slow-release fertilizer, for both surface soil and deep soil layer, the temporal trend of soil nitrate-nitrogen content variation is that of continuous decrease. For all three types of nitrogen fertilizer, as fertilization level increase, soil nitrate-nitrogen content in various soil layers increase with it. In the case of fertilization at 300 kg/hm2 and 350 kg/hm2, adding nitrification inhibitor can increase soil retention of nitrogen fertilizer. This study suggests that adding nitrification inhibitors can increase soil retention of nitrogen fertilizer, decrease nitrate-nitrogen leaching downward, thereby reducing the pollution to groundwater.
文摘Studying about the effect of four pseudomonas and two serratia isolates on growth of Fusarium oxysporum showed that, Pseudomonasfluorescens No.2 & No.3 and Serratia marcescens No.2 gave highest inhibition zones which were 37.33, 35,00 and 31.33 mm, respectively. Evaluating about the effect ofpseudomonas and serratia culture filtrates at three concentrations (10, 25, 50%) on the linear growth and spore germination ofFusarium oxysporum revealed that, all filtrates of the tested isolates reduced the mycelial growth and spore germination of F. oxysporum. All filtrates of the tested isolates at 50% concentration completely inhabited spore germination ofF. oxysporurn. Culture filtrates of Pseudomonasputida and Serratia marcensens No.2 at 50% concentration reduced the mycelial growth of F. oxysporurn by 80.74 and 80.37% respectively. In this respect, all tested isolates made lysis to mycelial of F. oxysporum except Pseudornonasfluorescens No.3. Effect of treating cucumber seeds with cell suspension of pseudomonas and serratia isolates on incidence of Fusarium wilt disease revealed that all isolates were effective in reducing disease incidence and disease severity and increasing the percentage of healthy plants compared to the control. Pseudornonasfluorescens No.3 and Serratia marcensens No.2 were the best isolates and completely prevented the disease incidence.