Effects of retained dry material on the impact,overflow and landing dynamics

During long-term operation,the performance of obstacles would be changed due to the material accumulating upslope the obstacle.However,the effects of retained material on impact,overflow and landing dynamics of granular flow have not yet been elucidated.To address this gap,physical flume tests and discrete element simulations are conducted considering a range of normalized deposition height h0/H from 0 to 1,where h0 and H represent the deposition height and obstacle height,respectively.An analytical model is modified to evaluate the flow velocity and flow depth after interacting with the retained materials,which further serve to calculate the peak impact force on the obstacle.Notably,the computed impact forces successfully predict the experimental results when a≥25°.In addition,the results indicate that a higher h0/H leads to a lower dynamic impact force,a greater landing distance L,and a larger landing coefficient Cr,where Cr is the ratio of slope-parallel component of landing velocity to flow velocity just before landing.Compared to the existing overflow model,the measured landing distance L is underestimated by up to 30%,and therefore it is insufficient for obstacle design when there is retained material.Moreover,the recommended Cr in current design practice is found to be nonconservative for estimating the landing velocity of geophysical flow.This study provides insightful scientific basis for designing obstacles with deposition.

Water hammer protection for diversion systems in front of pumps in long-distance water supply projects

For a water supply system with long-distance diversion pipelines, in addition to the water hammer problems that occur beyond pumps, the safety of the water diversion pipeline in front of pumps also deserves attention. In this study, a water hammer protection scheme combined with an overflow surge tank and a regulating valve was developed. A mathematical model of the overflow surge tank was developed, and an analytical formula for the height of the overflow surge tank was derived. Furthermore, a practical water supply project was used to evaluate the feasibility of the combined protection scheme and analyze the sensitivity of valve regulation rules. The results showed that the combined protection scheme effectively reduced the height of the surge tank, lessened the difficulties related to construction, and reduced the necessary financial investment for the project. The two-stage closing rule articulated as fast first and then slow could minimize the overflow volume of the surge tank when the power failure occurred, while the two-stage opening rule articulated as slow first and then fast could be more conducive to the safety of the water supply system when the pump started up.

面向专家示例的Stack Overflow本体构造和推理研究

Stack Overflow是一个计算机领域的IT技术问答网站,为了获取问答网站中的专家示例并将其应用于API挖掘中。首先采用Scrapy爬虫框架技术获取Stack Overflow问答网站中的结构化数据,并存储在关系模式中;再使用本体建模工具Protégé构建本体,然后使用D2RQ工具实现对关系数据库的知识抽取,将关系模式转换为三元组形式的本体模型;同时,提出了一个面向专家示例的子本体抽取算法,用于从原本体中抽取出专家示例推理相关的子本体,并提出了若干条专家示例推理规则,能推导出专家所编写的代码示例。实验结果证明,从Stack Overflow本体模型中抽取的专家示例能提高API调用序列挖掘的准确率。

DYNAMIC GUARD CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT FOR BIDIRECTIONAL CALL-OVERFLOW SCHEME IN HIERARCHICAL CELLULAR SYSTEM

In this paper, a Hierarchical Cellular System (HCS) supporting two classes of users with high and low velocity is considered. Based on the analytical model of the bidirectional calloverflow scheme, a new dynamic guard channel assignment method is proposed In this method, the number of guard channels in both macrocells and microcells varies in realtime according to the different call traffic load in the HCS, and as a result, the lowest dissatisfaction grade of users is achieved.

海绵城市背景下合流制改造及溢流污染控制路径研究

我国合流制排水管渠数量多、建设情况复杂、运行问题突出,已成为当前制约城市水环境质量提升的关键,在系统化全域推进海绵城市建设的背景下,合流制系统改造及溢流污染控制成为许多城市的重点任务。根据多年城市建设统计年鉴数据对我国城市合流制排水管渠数量、分布及逐年变化情况进行分析;梳理我国城市合流制管渠系统状况、存在问题及当前海绵城市建设、黑臭水体治理、内涝综合整治、污水提质增效工作对合流制系统的相关要求,在此基础上提出适用于我国城市合流制系统的界定与评价方法;结合当前各城市在推进相关工作过程中存在的问题,提出海绵城市建设背景下合流制系统改造及溢流污染控制路径,即因地制宜制定合流制改造及溢流污染控制系统化方案,并明确系统化方案编制流程及技术要点。

基于监测与模型的典型合流制排水系统溢流污染来源解析

以北京中心城区某典型合流制分区为研究区,开展自“地表-管网-排口”的全过程监测,基于MIKE URBAN软件构建数值模型,构建一套结合监测与模型的溢流污染解析方法,量化分析不同降雨量级下溢流污染来源。结果表明:管道沉积物、地表径流和生活污水对COD的贡献率分别为43.4%~53.9%、27.4%~27.5%和18.6%~29.2%。中雨流量峰值晚于浓度峰值,大雨反之;两场降雨溢流水质浓度峰值差异小于流量峰值。随着降雨量级及强度增加,地表径流和管道沉积物的污染负荷增加,后者增加量更大。管道沉积物是合流制溢流污染的主要来源,应优先对其进行控制。

Detection of Buffer Overflow Attacks with Memoization-based Rule Set

Different abnormalities are commonly encountered in computer network systems.These types of abnormalities can lead to critical data losses or unauthorized access in the systems.Buffer overflow anomaly is a prominent issue among these abnormalities,posing a serious threat to network security.The primary objective of this study is to identify the potential risks of buffer overflow that can be caused by functions frequently used in the PHP programming language and to provide solutions to minimize these risks.Static code analyzers are used to detect security vulnerabilities,among which SonarQube stands out with its extensive library,flexible customization options,and reliability in the industry.In this context,a customized rule set aimed at automatically detecting buffer overflows has been developed on the SonarQube platform.The memoization optimization technique used while creating the customized rule set enhances the speed and efficiency of the code analysis process.As a result,the code analysis process is not repeatedly run for code snippets that have been analyzed before,significantly reducing processing time and resource utilization.In this study,a memoization-based rule set was utilized to detect critical security vulnerabilities that could lead to buffer overflow in source codes written in the PHP programming language.Thus,the analysis process is not repeatedly run for code snippets that have been analyzed before,leading to a significant reduction in processing time and resource utilization.In a case study conducted to assess the effectiveness of this method,a significant decrease in the source code analysis time was observed.

注重旱区湿地生态保护与修复的疏漫灌溉研究

针对干旱地区传统生态调度“只调不灌”造成的湿地生态补水效果欠佳、生境日益退化等实际问题,本文提出了疏漫灌溉的基本理念,明确了疏漫灌溉的定义、内涵及系统组成,搭建了疏漫灌溉系统,构建了疏漫灌溉技术体系。本文以哈巴河流域阿克齐湿地为研究区域,基于疏漫灌溉的系统组成优化了阿克齐湿地原有的工程体系;基于工程布局等要素划分了不同水平年下的三层级生态修复分区;采用Penman-Monteith公式计算了疏漫灌溉区不同地类的适宜生态需水量,采用改进的Tennant法确定了湿地的最低生态流量,最后制定了疏漫灌溉制度。研究结果表明:(1)湿地需水月份集中在4—10月份,其中6—8月份为主要生态需水期,平均生态基流为4.66 m^(3) s;(2)疏漫灌溉工程的布设和生态修复分区的确定改善了湿地供水条件,形成了生态分区与工程体系一一对应的靶向补水模式;(3)疏漫灌溉制度的制订可为生态工程的规划设计以及灌区引水的管理提供科学依据;(4)实施生态调度后,草地、自由水面以及沼泽面积均呈递增趋势,沙化面积减少了9.83%,湿地的水系连通性得到改善,斑块破碎化逐渐修复。研究成果可为提高旱区水资源利用效率、旱区生境的保护与修复提供技术支撑。

复杂压力体系地层钻探溢流压井技术研究

我国油气勘探开发的深度不断取得突破,超深层油气已经成为重要的接续资源。但是,超深层油气钻探遇到的复杂压力体系地层多,溢流后压井难度大,漏喷险情频发。常规压井方法应用于超深复杂压力体系地层溢流压井时存在一定局限性,非常规压井方法弥补了部分常规压井方法在复杂压力体系地层溢流处理中的缺陷。通过综合分析常规与非常规压井方法在应对复杂压力体系地层溢流时的适用性,根据应用案例分析了各方法的优势和不足,结合我国西部油田压井工程实践,展示了复杂压力体系地层钻探中溢流压井的技术创新成果。其中,溢漏同存和定容体等复杂压力体系地层溢流压井技术通过不断创新及实践,取得了一定的应用效果,但其理论和技术需要进一步发展。文章在总结压井技术研究进展的基础上对下一步超深层复杂压力体系压井技术攻关方向进行了展望,对于解决超深层复杂压力体系地层溢流压井技术难题具有重要意义。

一种结合代码片段和混合主题模型的软件数据聚类方法

使用主题模型进行文档聚类是众多文本挖掘任务中一种常见的做法。许多研究针对软件问答网站的数据,利用主题模型进行聚类来分析不同领域在社区的发展情况。然而,这些软件相关数据往往包含代码片段且文本长度分布不均,使用传统单一的主题模型对文本数据建模,易得到不稳定的聚类结果。文中提出了一种结合代码片段和混合主题模型的聚类方法,并使用Stack Overflow作为数据源,构造了在该平台上被提问数量排名前60的Python第三方库数据集,经过建模,该数据集最终划分为以下6个不同的领域:网络安全、数据分析、人工智能、文本处理、软件开发和系统终端。实验结果表明,在自动评估和人工评估的指标上,使用代码片段结合文本进行主题建模,在聚类结果划分的质量上表现良好,而联合多个模型进行实验,一定程度上提高了聚类结果的稳定性和准确性。

Overflowing phenomenon during ultrasonic treatment in Al-Si alloys

At the late stage of solidification with ultrasonic treatment （UST） in Al-Si alloys, a part of semisolid overflows and climbs along the probe. The interesting phenomenon and its influence on the solidification microstructure were investigated in order to better study the mechanism of UST. It is considered that the overflowing phenomenon occurs due to the changes of vibration and flow in the remaining semisolid. Because the overflowed portion comes from the region with intense UST effect and vibrates with the probe during solidification, great modification of primary and euteetic Si （about 10 pm in length） and refinement of primary a（Al） （about 70 μm in size） are observed in this portion.

一种基于液位仪系统的加油站V_(20)油品损溢考核简便算法

依据多年实践和管理经验,利用现有的液位仪系统数据,摸索出一种基于液位仪系统的加油站V_(20)油品损溢考核简便算法,可以快速简便地计算出被管理单元(加油站、县公司、市公司等)的V_(20)油品损溢率,特别是对油品进销存过程中温度变化较大的加油站,能够剔除掉“虚假损耗”的影响,相对真实地还原被管理单元的损溢管理水平,为科学、公正的管理和考核提供了有力的数据支撑。

Stack Overflow上机器学习相关问题的大规模实证研究

为了调查机器学习相关主题分布和发展趋势,从在线问答网站Stack Overflow上,利用过滤标签,从4 178多万帖子中提取出60 028个与机器学习相关的问题帖.通过分析问题帖,统计各个机器学习平台的讨论量,发现Scikit-learn、TensorFlow、Keras是前3位频繁被讨论的机器学习平台,占总讨论量的58%.为了进一步分析机器学习相关讨论主题,进行潜在狄利克雷分布(LDA)主题模型训练,提出自适应LDA中的主题数渐进搜索方法,采用主题一致性系数评估输出结果,获得主题最佳数量,从而发现9个讨论主题,分属3个类别:代码相关、模型相关、理论相关.基于主题中问题帖的浏览数、评论数,分析不同主题的流行度和回答困难程度.

烟气净化系统溢流堰供液方式改进实践

针对湍冲塔溢流堰环管堵塞、溢流堰失效的问题,将溢流堰供液方式由湍冲塔循环酸泵供循环酸改为由滤液泵单独输送压滤后清液。分析比较了改造前后系统的运行效果,改造后的供液方式保证了溢流堰供液量的充足、连续、稳定,发挥了降温、除尘作用的同时有效延长了逆喷管的使用寿命,减少了检修量的同时节约了系统的运行成本。

基于数据挖掘的专业可信回答者个性化推荐——以Stack Overflow问答社区为例

针对问答社区中问题不能得到及时、有效解答的现状,文章以Stack Overflow问答社区为例,首先介绍了问答社区数据的采集与预处理情况;然后,通过挖掘学习者信息,得到专业可信回答者、高信誉回答者和徽章回答者三种潜在回答者;最后,实施了三种回答者推荐并对比了推荐性能。实验结果表明,与高信誉回答者推荐和徽章回答者推荐相比,考虑回答质量和专业相关性的专业可信回答者推荐具有更高的准确率和召回率,其推荐性能更优。实施基于数据挖掘的专业可信回答者个性化推荐,能有效缓解问答社区的信息过载问题,有助于建设更高效的网络学习社区环境。

Optimized parameters of downhole all-metal PDM based on genetic algorithm

Currently,deep drilling operates under extreme conditions of high temperature and high pressure,demanding more from subterranean power motors.The all-metal positive displacement motor,known for its robust performance,is a critical choice for such drilling.The dimensions of the PDM are crucial for its performance output.To enhance this,optimization of the motor's profile using a genetic algorithm has been undertaken.The design process begins with the computation of the initial stator and rotor curves based on the equations for a screw cycloid.These curves are then refined using the least squares method for a precise fit.Following this,the PDM's mathematical model is optimized,and motor friction is assessed.The genetic algorithm process involves encoding variations and managing crossovers to optimize objective functions,including the isometric radius coefficient,eccentricity distance parameter,overflow area,and maximum slip speed.This optimization yields the ideal profile parameters that enhance the motor's output.Comparative analyses of the initial and optimized output characteristics were conducted,focusing on the effects of the isometric radius coefficient and overflow area on the motor's performance.Results indicate that the optimized motor's overflow area increased by 6.9%,while its rotational speed reduced by 6.58%.The torque,as tested by Infocus,saw substantial improvements of38.8%.This optimization provides a theoretical foundation for improving the output characteristics of allmetal PDMs and supports the ongoing development and research of PDM technology.

长江流域平原河网地区合流制排水系统溢流污染特征研究

在平原河网地区丹金溧漕河金坛段选取3个典型合流制溢流排口及管道检查井进行溢流污染监测,分析溢流水质水量变化。以合流制管道沉积物为试验材料进行冲刷模拟试验,探究沉积物冲刷规律。结果表明,累积降雨量≥2 mm就会产生溢流现象;溢流水量变化主要受降雨等级、降雨强度及居民用水量影响,且溢流量峰值较降雨强度峰值滞后;溢流污染物浓度与前期干旱天数、排口性质、降雨等级和降雨强度有直接联系,其变化基本均呈先上升后下降趋势,且无论哪种降雨等级溢流口在产生径流后约20~30 min后污染物浓度会较高。沉积物对溢流污染贡献占比较大,管道冲刷过程中沉积颗粒物呈阶段交替式运动,各污染指标在降雨形成径流一段时间后出现峰值。

虹吸式屋面雨水排水系统有关技术问题探讨

对CECS标准《虹吸式屋面雨水排水技术规程》2005和2015两版内容作了比较,主要对虹吸式屋面雨水排水系统的几个业内比较关注的重要问题,包括溢流口及溢流系统设置、汇水区域面积大于2500 m^(2)的系统数设置、系统最小管径、横管及立管变径设置位置等进行了分析探讨,以便更好地理解技术规程相关条文的要义。

市政排水系统应对暴雨积水的优化措施研究

对市政排水系统采取科学合理的优化措施可以有效提高系统的耐用性及排水效率。该文以暴雨积水的实际案例为例,对其影响因素进行总结分析,并提出相应的优化措施。基于不同的优化措施的对比得出,在单方案对比中,调蓄池对径流总量和溢流总量的的控制效果最佳,且当重现期p≥2时,4种措施对溢流总量的控制效果随重现期的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势。在组合方案对比中,4种组合方案对径流总量的控制效果随着重现期的增加而减小,且方案二和方案四的效果优于方案一和方案三;对溢流总量的控制效果上,结合消减率的变化特点,方案四对溢流总量控制效果最好。

上海典型合流制排水系统溢流污染控制策略

现阶段合流制排水系统广泛存在于我国各大中城市,合流制排水系统的溢流污染是导致城市水体环境污染的主要原因。以上海市典型合流制排水系统为研究对象,结合资料调研及相关运行数据分析合流制溢流污染的主要影响因素,构建典型合流排水系统模型分析增设合流制溢流污染调蓄池,可有效削减合流制溢流污染。结合排水系统模型就初雨调蓄标准、雨水径流控制率及溢流污染次数等指标进行分析,当截流标准为11 mm,调蓄池容积为37 950 m^(3),年径流总量控制率为70.84%,泵站放江频次由27次降低为19次。对于城市合流制排水系统应结合当地降雨条件及受纳水体环境容量利用排水系统模型分析,将初雨截流标准、最小溢流降雨量作为截流式合流制排水系统改造控制参数。