Characterization of Malalignment between Atrial and Ventricular Septa in Overriding/Straddling Tricuspid and Mitral Valves

Objective:Overriding/straddling of an atrioventricular valve is a consequence of atrial-ventricular septal malalignment.We sought to characterize the malalignment by analogizing it to a flap-door and using structured approach.Methods:The echocardiograms and magnetic resonance images of 35 patients with overriding/straddling tricuspid or mitral valve were evaluated to assess the following modifiers;the malaligned part of the septum,the reference structure,and the mechanism,direction and severity of malalignment.Results:The pathology included classic overriding tricuspid valve in 15,classic overriding mitral valve in 12,and overriding tricuspid valve with left juxtaposition of atrial appendages in 8.In classic overriding tricuspid valve,the ventricular septum was hinged to the anterior interventricular groove and its insertion to the posterior interventricular groove was displaced toward the right ventricle.The VSD primarily involved the inlet but also extended toward the anterior interventricular groove.In classic overriding mitral valve,the ventricular septum was hinged to the posterior interventricular groove and crux cordis.Its insertion to the anterior interventricular groove was displaced toward the left ventricle.The VSD primarily involved the anterior part but also extended toward the inlet.Overriding tricuspid valve with left juxtaposition of atrial appendages had a mild degree of malalignment with displacement/rotation of the atrioventricular junction.Evenly spaced short-axis images were most helpful in characterizing the pathology.Conclusions:Overriding/straddling atrioventricular valves can be easily understood by analogizing the atrial-ventricular septal malalignment to a flap-door and describing the pathology in a structured manner.Contrary to what has previously been known,the VSD is not limited to the inlet or outlet part of the ventricular septum.

The Overriding Interest

Twenty years ago,far-sighted leaders of China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN)launched a dialogue that deep-ened mutual understanding and trust,and helped forge close cooperation between the two sides.Since then,China and ASEAN have bolstered part-nerships

New Insights into Sinus Venosus Defects from Cross-Sectional Imaging

Sinus venosus defects include two varieties,superior and inferior sinus venosus defects.The superior sinus venosus defect is characterized by abnormal communication between two closely related venoatrial structures:1)the normally positioned superior vena cava-right atrium complex and 2)the right pulmonary vein-left atrium complex that is displaced leftward,forward and upward.Inferior sinus venosus defects primarily involve the inferior vena cava-right atrial junction while the right pulmonary vein-left atrial junction can also be affected.Because of the rarity and wide variation of the defects,the morphological characterization of sinus venosus defects is inconsistent among investigators and often inaccurate.Modern imaging technologies with high spatial and temporal resolutions have allowed accurate and detailed assessment of the pathological anatomy in larger numbers of cases.In this pictorial essay,we revisit the established and controversial features of the sinus venous defects using twodimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)images obtained by magnetic resonance(MR)or computed tomography(CT)with brief discussion on imaging and treatment strategies.

CO2 assisted steam flooding in late steam flooding in heavy oil reservoirs

To improve the oil recovery and economic efficiency in heavy oil reservoirs in late steam flooding,taking J6 Block of Xinjiang Oilfield as the research object,3D physical modeling experiments of steam flooding,CO2-foam assisted steam flooding,and CO2 assisted steam flooding under different perforation conditions are conducted,and CO2-assisted steam flooding is proposed for reservoirs in the late stage of steam flooding.The experimental results show that after adjusting the perforation in late steam flooding,the CO2 assisted steam flooding formed a lateral expansion of the steam chamber in the middle and lower parts of the injection well and a development mode for the production of overriding gravity oil drainage in the top chamber of the production well;high temperature water,oil,and CO2 formed stable low-viscosity quasi-single-phase emulsified fluid;and CO2 acted as a thermal insulation in the steam chamber at the top,reduced the steam partial pressure inside the steam chamber,and effectively improved the heat efficiency of injected steam.Based on the three-dimensional physical experiments and the developed situation of the J6 block in Xinjiang Oilfield,the CO2 assisted steam flooding for the J6 block was designed.The application showed that the CO2 assisted steam flooding made the oil vapor ratio increase from 0.12 to 0.16 by 34.0%,the oil recovery increase from 16.1%to 21.5%,and the final oil recovery goes up to 66.5%compared to steam flooding after perforation adjustment.

Java中Object类的方法应用

每个Java对象都有hashCode()和equals()方法.实践中常常需要重构这些方法,以满足对象实例之间提供更深层次的语义可比性.介绍了在创建Java类时有效和准确定义hashCode()和equals()时应遵循的规则和指南.

红外感应式灯控芯片PT8A2621及其应用

介绍了具有红外感应的灯控芯片PT8A2621的主要特点、引脚功能、内部结构和工作原理 ,同时对PT8A2621的具体应用操作作了较详细的阐述。最后给出了它的典型应用电路。

MAN HD转播车OCP Joystick Override功能的实现

本文介绍了OCP Joystick Override功能的实现方法,对其工作原理作了简要阐述,对相关设备的接口定义进行了详细的说明,描述了在设备调试阶段遇到的问题,给出了在硬件设置和软件配置的最终解决方案。

道德价值与其他价值

道德价值与反道德价值之间的区别产生自特定道德之内,而道德价值与非道德价值之间的区别产生自一种超越了一切特定道德视角的理论视角。对道德价值的独特本性的语言学的、心理学的和社会学的探索等间接探索方式所带来的麻烦是循环论证,即它们全都预设人们已知道德是什么。而康德式的直接探索(元伦理学与规范伦理学的交混)所带来的麻烦是,它所产出的是理想化概念而非工作性概念,不适应于道德价值的多变的和多元的现实。道德价值的普遍性比一般性弱,但比一致性强。普遍性原则远非普遍有效。道德价值在人们的价值体系中并不必然是至上的,而可能拥有一种相对弱势的地位。道德评价应当循着价值连续统而非对错好坏的二元对立而进行。具体情境中的道德选择的准则不是绝对的,而是在一定程度上相对的。

Acuros-Based Planning with Density Override for Lung SBRT by a Dynamic Conformal Arc Technique: Comparative Evaluation with AAA-Based Planning in Four-Dimensional Dose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a planning strategy based on Acuros with density override in comparison with AAA without and with the override. Ten lung-tumor patients were selected with each PTV size around 2 - 4 cm and were imaged using slow scan, followed by four-dimensional (4D) imaging limited to the target. On each phase-specific image, gross tumor volume (GTV) was contoured. Summed over all phases, an integrated GTV (iGTV) was generated and copied to the slow scan. A treatment plan was created using a dynamic-conformal-arc technique with AAA to prescribe 60 Gy to 95% of PTV (iGTV + 0.5 cm). Each AAA-based plan was regenerated by overriding the density of the setup margin of PTV by GTV density (modeling tumor-position uncertainty). It was also regenerated with Acuros and the override. The three plans were validated in 4D dose to PTV, after similarly overriding PTV density (phase-specific), accurately calculating with Acuros, and summing the phase-specific plans through organ/dose registration. The Acuros-based plan with the override, the AAA-based plan, and the AAA-based plan with the override provided 4D PTV doses of 63.9, 67.9, and 62 Gy at D95%, respectively, averaged over all patients. The override with Acuros and AAA produced lesser 4D doses, closer to the associated 3D doses, respectively, than that without the override, with better conformity and inhomogeneity. With the override in common, Acuros provided a greater dose to PTV than that by AAA. The Acuros with the override, which was more accurate than the AAA without the override, is clinically recommended.

Storm in the Air： The Battle Over the 1992 Cable Act

Utilizing primary documents available at the George Bush Presidential Library, this study evaluates the veto record of President Bush using a case study as well as quantitative methods. The case study reviews the background and fate of the only veto overridden during his term in office. It finds that the Bush White House had tried on several previous occasions to scrap the legislation, only to have it be reintroduced in each succeeding Congress. By 1992, when George Bush was running for reelection and in trouble politically, his team was unable to stave off defeat. The article likewise assesses the success of the Bush administration in its employment of the veto and compares the veto record of President Bush to previous and subsequent chief executives.

道德理由是压倒性的吗?

道德理由的压倒性是指当与审慎理由产生对立时,道德理由总是在理由的权衡中胜出的一方。虽然道德理由对各方当事人采取中立视角,而审慎理由主要关注行为人自身的行动需要,但是它们所确证的道德合理性和审慎合理性之间存在共同基础,这使得人们可以在一般意义上评价行为的合理性。当道德理由与个人利益对立的时候,前者也并非总是压倒性的,因为道德理由的严格程度和个人利益的具体特征都会对其权重构成影响。对于个人而言,道德理由的权重有多大,道德理由何时能够成为压倒性理由,则主要取决于社会共同体的接受程度。接受道德理由的压倒性有时将会产生导致自我牺牲的分外行为,但是在损失个人利益的同时,行为人也会获得"幸福"。不过,"幸福"的获得既不能否认当事人的行为是出于道德理由,也不能否认这是一种需要自我牺牲的分外行为。

某些特殊形式的同位概念

但除了这种语法概念的同位语句外,英语中还有某些语法上不是同位语而实际含义上却具有同位概念的语言现象,应引起我们在学习和实际使用时的注意。本文想就这个问题作一点介绍。

High speed interpolation for micro-line trajectory and adaptive real-time look-ahead scheme in CNC machining

CNC machining plays an important role in mechanical manufacturing.A key issue is to improve the machining feedrate while keeping the machining precision and satisfying the acceleration constraints of the CNC machine.For the consecutive micro-line segments interpolation,the velocities at the junction of two segments are the bottlenecks for the machining efficiency.This paper proposes a multi-period turning method to improve the feedrate at the junctions using the linear acceleration and deceleration mode,which utilizes the maximal acceleration capabilities of the NC machine while satisfying the machining precision.A new and more efficient look-ahead method and a feedrate override method are also proposed to boast the global machining speed.The proposed algorithm has been implemented on Blue Sky NC System,and experimented in real material manufacturing.Compared with several existing algorithms,the current algorithm can improve the manufacturing time ranging from 50% to 180%,depending on the machining parameters,and also results in better machining quality.In addition,the algorithm also satisfies the need of real-time interpolation.