Transformation of French Governance Model for Oceanian Overseas Territories

The governance of France's overseas territories in Oceania has undergone a significant model transformation since the end of World War Ⅱ. In recent years, it has further highlighted its determination to pursue strategic autonomy. Through strict governance and legal mechanisms, France has promoted local autonomy and economic transformation, and has shifted the governance of these territories from colonial control to political cooperation and from predatory development to localized sustainable development. France's overseas territories in Oceania have increasingly become the fulcrum of its foreign strategy, serving the overall interests of its country and its overseas security. In recent years, France's governance policies in the region have become increasingly diversified, such as promoting economic diversification, strengthening regional security cooperation, weakening its independence tendencies, and promoting changes in the regional situation and relevant national policies.

Preliminary Study on Overseas Applicability of Chinese Architectural Design Standards:Taking China-Aided Construction Projects in Asia Since the Belt and Road Initiative as Examples

This research takes China-aided construction projects in Asia since the Belt and Road Initiative as examples to explore the applicability of Chinese architectural design standards in other Asian countries.So far,the standards demonstrated the highest applicability in South Asia is the best followed by Southeast Asia.Chinese architectural design standards for educational buildings showed the highest applicability,followed by office,medical,and sports buildings.This study puts forward some strategies to improve the applicability of Chinese architectural design standards.These strategies include integrating regionalism and local cultural traditions,optimizing energy efficiency,and aligning designs with local usage habits.This study serves as a reference for similar projects in the future.

Research on Localized English Education for Transnational Left-behind Children in the Context of English Global Localization: A Case Study of Wenzhou Overseas Chinese Hometown

With the increasing development of English globalization,the trend of combining English with local cultures has become more evident.This research focuses on five schools in the Wenzhou overseas Chinese hometown to investigate the current status of English education from the perspectives of teachers,students,and textbooks.The aim was to propose bilingual education strategies for the education of transnational left-behind children(TLC).By examining the situation of English education in this specific context,this study sought to address the unique challenges faced by TLC and provide effective educational approaches.Interviews,observations,and document analysis were employed to gather data by means of questionnaire research methods.The findings of this study settled on the improvement of bilingual education for TLC and insights into enhancing English education in multicultural settings.

Overseas Short-term Training Program for Chinese University Teacher Educators:Theoretical Basis and Course Design

Overseas three-month intra-university training program is rear in Yunnan,China.Using adult learning and social con-structivism as theoretical basis,the author,introduces the background of the program and the course design,highlighting the inten-tion for the program and similar programs.

Learner Factors and Contextual Influences of an Overseas Short-term Training Program for Chinese University Teacher Educators

The participants of an overseas three-month program in this paper were divided into 3 levels according to their English language competences,and classroom observation,and interview were conducted during the learning process.Results show the English language competences,interpretation,learners’education and research background and motivation are determining factors affecting classroom behavioral performance and learning effectiveness.

Model of interval multi-attribute optimization for overseas oil-gas projects

Because of the incompleteness and uncertainty in the information on overseas oil-gas projects, project evaluation needs models able to deal with such problems. A new model is, therefore, presented in this paper based on interval multi-attribute decision-making theory. Analysis was made on the important attributes （index） and the re- lationships affecting the basic factors to the project eco- nomic results were described. The interval numbers are used to describe the information on overseas oil and gas projects. On these bases, an improved TOPSIS model is introduced for the evaluation and ranking of overseas oil and gas projects. The practical application of the new model was carried out for an oil company in selecting some promising blocks from 13 oil and gas blocks in eight dif- ferent countries in the Middle East. Based on these inno- vative studies, some conclusions are given from theoretical and application aspects. The practical application shows that the introduction of interval numbers into the evaluation and ranking of the overseas oil and gas projects can lead to more reasonable decisions. The users can do the project evaluation based on the comprehensive values as well as based on some preferred index in the project evaluation and ranking.

The Reform Scheme of Practice-Courses Cooperation Training Pattern of Software Engineering Major of Overseas Chinese Universities

How to improve the employment of software engineering graduates, especially, how to effectively enhance the employment competitiveness of relevant overseas students in the context of "One Belt and One Road" is one of the core tasks of overseas Chinese universities. This paper proposes a reform plan for the practical training mode of school-enterprise cooperative project in the software engineering of overseas Chinese universities. The reform plan combines education concepts with practical research and development. It subdivides students and according to the characteristics of different types of students, and is carried out on campus, outside campus(in the province), and abroad(original area), which makes senior undergraduates fully understand the needs of enterprises, constantly improve their professional practice ability, and improve their competitiveness. Thus, the professional innovation and entrepreneurship ability of students is enhanced, and it also reduces the cost of employee entry.

THE CONSTRUCTION AND ITS DEVELOPMENT OFTHE OVERSEAS TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN NORTHEAST CHINA

ＴＨＥＣＯＮＳＴＲＵＣＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＩＴＳＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＯＦＴＨＥＯＶＥＲＳＥＡＳＴＲＡＮＳＰＯＲＴＳＹＳＴＥＭＩＮＮＯＲＴＨＥＡＳＴＣＨＩＮＡＧａｏＳｈａｌｉ（高莎丽）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＮｏｒｔｈｅａｓｔＮｏｒｍ...

Study of evaluation method for the overseas oil and gas investment based on risk compensation

The overseas oil and gas investment evaluation is one of the core tasks in overseas investment of oil and gas companies,among which risk evaluation and benefit evaluation are the most important.This paper sets forth transmission paths of risk factors to the investment benefit by identifying 14 overseas oil and gas investment risks in four categories.On the basis of the concept of risk compensation,different compensation mechanisms specific to each risk are designed.The risk and benefit are integrated objectively to develop a comprehensive evaluation model by correcting the recoverable reserve,adjusting benefit evaluation parameters such as investments on exploration and development,and compensating for the changes in risk factors with time through dynamic discount rate.Moreover,two cases studies,namely the evaluations of Project A in Sudan and comparison among Blocks A–G,are used to describe usage method and applicable scope of such evaluation model,respectively.According to the results,oil price is a key influencing factor for enterprise internal risk and industrial risk.Risk compensation reduces comprehensive benefit of overseas oil and gas investment and undermines the investment feasibility and priority of blocks.The research findings of this paper are free from the effects of some subject factors and avoid multi-objective decision making,and also avoid the undesired repeated calculation of risk factors.

The Overseas Reception of Chinese Science Fiction Works from a Perspective of Western Interpretation Preference——A Case Study of Reader's Reception of Liu Cixin's The Three-Body Problem in the USA

The Three-Body Problem, written by Liu Cixin, won the 2015 Hugo Award for Best Novel, with over 200,000 copies in English already sold. This gure is hundreds of times the average sales volume of Chinese novels in the USA. Through qualitative and quantitative analyses of overseas readers' comments on The Three-Body Problem posted on the online platforms of Goodreads and Amazon, this paper concludes that the novel's success overseas lies in its catering to the concerns of overseas readers. The ThreeBody Problem is popular among overseas readership thanks to its re ection on the ultimate existence of mankind, science ction vision & imagination, literary familiarity & identi cation, ideological di erence-triggered cultural curiosity, and a good translation. This paper attempts to interpret Liu Cixin's work on the map of world literature from the perspective of overseas readers' preferences to provide references for contemporary Chinese science ction creation and overseas reception.

Technological progress and development directions of PetroChina overseas oil and gas field production

This study reviews the development history of PetroChina’s overseas oil and gas field development technologies, summarizes the characteristic technologies developed, and puts forward the development goals and technological development directions of overseas business to overcome the challenges met in overseas oil and gas production. In the course of PetroChina’s overseas oil and gas field production practice of more than 20 years, a series of characteristic technologies suitable for overseas oil and gas fields have been created by combining the domestic mature oil and gas field production technologies with the features of overseas oil and gas reservoirs, represented by the technology for high-speed development and stabilizing oil production and controlling water rise for overseas sandstone oilfields, high efficiency development technology for large carbonate oil and gas reservoirs and foamy oil depletion development technology in use of horizontal wells for extra-heavy oil reservoirs. Based on in-depth analysis of the challenges faced by overseas oil and gas development and technological requirements, combined with the development trends of oil and gas development technologies in China and abroad, overseas oil and gas development technologies in the future are put forward, including artificial intelligence reservoir prediction and 3 D geological modeling, secondary development and enhanced oil recovery(EOR) of overseas sandstone oilfields after high speed development, water and gas injection to improve oil recovery in overseas carbonate oil and gas reservoirs, economic and effective development of overseas unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, efficient development of marine deep-water oil and gas reservoirs. The following goals are expected to be achieved: keep the enhanced oil recovery(EOR) technology for high water-cut sandstone oilfield at international advanced level, and make the development technology for carbonate oil and gas reservoirs reach the international advanced level, and the development technologies for unconventional and marine deep-water oil and gas reservoirs catch up the level of international leading oil companies quickly.

Localization and the Chinese Overseas： Acculturation, Assimilation, Hybridization, Creolization, and Identification

Based on materials on the localized Chinese overseas, including the Melaka Babas, who are mostly Malay-speaking Chinese, this article reflects on the use of such terms as acculturation and assimilation, as well as hybridization and creolization, in relation to highly localized Chinese. All these concepts are seen as different ways of describing cultural formation in transcultural context. In particular, the relevance of using creolization to refer to the kind of creative process of cultural formation beyond its original usage in the Caribbean is discussed. This results in the identification of fragmented creolization as in the case of the Caribbean and a rooted creolization as in the case of the Babas. The author shall first discuss the issues of assimilation and integration, followed by hybridization and creolization. This is followed by the discussion on localization of Chinese overseas and identity. The concluding section provides some remarks on the concepts reviewed, and three main categories of acculturated Chinese are identified, namely, Chinese who are linguistically assimilated but still observe major Chinese traditions, Chinese who are so acculturated to the mainstream society that they hardly practice Chinese traditions, and Chinese who are both highly localized and highly mixed “racially”.

罗汉果苷V调控高糖状态巨噬细胞M1极化促进骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化

背景:糖尿病微环境会造成巨噬细胞过度M1极化,这种高糖炎症状态会抑制骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化,从而影响糖尿病骨缺损的愈合。研究表明罗汉果苷Ⅴ具有抗炎、抗氧化、降血糖的作用,但其能否调节高糖炎症状态下巨噬细胞M1极化及骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化尚不清楚。目的:探讨罗汉果苷Ⅴ在高糖炎症状态下调节巨噬细胞M1型极化对骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化的影响。方法:构建糖尿病C57BL/6小鼠模型,从正常和糖尿病小鼠分离骨髓来源巨噬细胞,分别培养于低糖和高糖培养基。使用脂多糖和干扰素γ作为炎症刺激诱导骨髓来源巨噬细胞的M1型极化,同时以160,320,640μmol/L罗汉果苷Ⅴ干预,用流式细胞术检测F4/80^(+)CD86^(+)细胞比例,qRT-PCR检测诱导型一氧化氮合酶、白细胞介素1β、白细胞介素6的mRNA表达水平,ELISA检测骨髓来源巨噬细胞上清液中肿瘤坏死因子α水平。分离C57BL/6小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,分别使用低糖或高糖成骨诱导液诱导成骨分化,添加M1型巨噬细胞条件培养基作为炎症刺激,以及320μmol/L罗汉果苷Ⅴ干预,成骨诱导14 d后采用qRT-PCR检测碱性磷酸酶、Runt相关因子2、骨钙素、骨桥蛋白的mRNA表达水平,成骨诱导21 d后进行茜素红染色及定量分析。结果与结论:①流式细胞术结果显示320,640μmol/L罗汉果苷Ⅴ组的F4/80^(+)CD86^(+)细胞比例明显低于高糖炎症对照组(P<0.05);②qRT-PCR结果显示160,320,640μmol/L罗汉果苷Ⅴ组的诱导型一氧化氮合酶、白细胞介素6的mRNA相对表达量较高糖炎症对照组显著降低(P<0.05),320,640μmol/L罗汉果苷Ⅴ组白细胞介素1β的mRNA相对表达量较高糖炎症对照组显著降低(P<0.05);③ELISA结果显示160,320,640μmol/L罗汉果苷Ⅴ组的肿瘤坏死因子α分泌水平较高糖炎症对照组显著降低(P<0.05);④320μmol/L罗汉果苷Ⅴ干预后,高糖炎症状态下骨髓间充质干细胞的钙盐沉积增加(P<0.05),且碱性磷酸酶、Runt相关因子2和骨桥蛋白的mRNA相对表达量增加(P<0.05)。结果表明,罗汉果苷Ⅴ可通过抑制高糖炎症状态下骨髓来源巨噬细胞的M1型极化及炎症因子表达,促进骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化。

IS CHINA LEARNING FROM ITS NEIGHBORS? A COMPARISON OF OVERSEAS INVESTMENT BETWEEN CHINA AND OTHER EAST ASIAN ECONOMIES

Twenty years’ economic reform and open door practice have made China not only an important host nation to foreign direct investment (FDI), but also the largest FDI home nation among the developing countries. In fact, since the late 1980s, the Chinese government has not simply put its effort into exporting  made-in-China" products to earn foreign currency or into encouraging foreign inward capital, but also actively encouraged its manufacturers to invest overseas. This paper examines China’s outward FDI and poses the question to what degree China is expected to follow the other East Asian economies or will it forge its own particular patterns. The first section of this paper reviews the characteristics of FDI of China’s neighbors and then it turns to examine the spatial patterns of and motivations for China’s FDI. Finally, this paper looks at potential of China’s outward investment in the near future. It concludes that China is not Japan but its potential for further outward FDI is huge. With its WTO membership and growing economy, China will become the second to Japan or USA. It will also use its financial power to further contain Taiwan’s independence.

M2型巨噬细胞衍生外泌体促进小胶质细胞M2型极化

背景:目前对于M2型巨噬细胞衍生外泌体的研究多集中于促进伤口愈合及成骨细胞的增殖和分化,而很少有研究关注其对小胶质细胞表型的调控作用。目的:探讨M2型巨噬细胞衍生外泌体对于小胶质细胞的表型调控作用及分子机制。方法:①提取骨髓原代巨噬细胞,用50 ng/m L白细胞介素4刺激巨噬细胞24 h促进巨噬细胞M2型极化,流式细胞术和细胞免疫荧光鉴定M2型巨噬细胞标志物CD206;②提取和鉴定M2型巨噬细胞衍生外泌体;③将小胶质细胞BV2随机分为3组:对照组、脂多糖组、治疗组,对照组不做处理,脂多糖组加入500 ng/m L脂多糖干预24 h,治疗组同时加入500 ng/m L脂多糖和25μg/m L M2型巨噬细胞衍生外泌体干预24 h,ELISA检测培养上清中肿瘤坏死因子α和白细胞介素10的分泌量,q RT-PCR检测细胞中诱导型一氧化氮合酶、精氨酸酶1、白细胞介素1β和白细胞介素10的m RNA表达,Western blot检测诱导型一氧化氮合酶、精氨酸酶1的蛋白表达以及核因子κB信号通路相关蛋白表达。结果与结论:①ELISA结果显示,与对照组相比,脂多糖组肿瘤坏死因子α分泌明显增多;与脂多糖组相比,治疗组肿瘤坏死因子α的分泌减少而白细胞介素10的分泌增多;②q RT-PCR结果显示,与对照组相比,脂多糖组白细胞介素1β、诱导型一氧化氮合酶m RNA表达升高;与脂多糖组相比,治疗组白细胞介素1β、诱导型一氧化氮合酶m RNA表达降低,白细胞介素10、精氨酸酶1 m RNA表达升高;③Western blot结果显示,与对照组相比,脂多糖组诱导型一氧化氮合酶蛋白表达升高;与脂多糖组相比,治疗组诱导型一氧化氮合酶蛋白表达降低,而精氨酸酶1蛋白表达升高;(4)与对照组相比,脂多糖组核因子κB信号通路中P65、p-IκB-α蛋白表达降低;与脂多糖组相比,治疗组P65、p-IκB-α蛋白表达升高。结果表明:M2型巨噬细胞衍生外泌体可以显著抑制脂多糖诱导小胶质细胞的炎症反应,促进抗炎因子白细胞介素10的表达,抑制促炎因子肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β的表达,促进小胶质细胞表型由M1型向M2型极化,其机制可能与M2型巨噬细胞衍生外泌体抑制核因子κB信号通路激活有关。

A Study of Overseas Reception of Mo Yan's Red Sorghum

Translation of literary works is the beginning of cross-cultural transmission.Mo Yan's novels attract more and more attention of foreign academy and general readers,and they have set a model for other Chinese literary works to be accepted in foreign countries. The reception of R ed Sorghum in other countries lies in the appreciation of its artistic features,analysis of its folk lore,discussion of its masculinity and femininity and its influence upon foreign literature.

Contributions of Overseas Chinese Merchants in South Seas to the Development of Shanghai's International Trade in Modern Times

Contributions of Overseas Chinese Merchants in South Seas to the Development of Shanghai's International Trade in Modern

The determinant of performance of cross-border M＆As in China： A comparative study between overseas Sino and Anglo firms

This study examines the factors that affect the performance of foreign acquiring firms in Chinese M＆As （mergers and acquisitions） market. Comparing between overseas Sino-Group and Anglo-Group, this study found that familiarity and location were the most important factors influencing performance of M＆A transactions in China. It also found that unrelated M＆A deals should be merged with familiarity for gaining positive acquisition performance. The total sample used in this study was 3,442 cases from October 1980 to March 2005. Because this period included all deals of M＆As after the opening of Chinese market in China. The authors＇ finding provided a more universal explanation in the cross-border M＆As in China.

Chinese Overseas Enterprises and Construction of China＇ s National Image

National image is an important component of national interests and a key indicator of a country's comprehensive strength. National image is also an integral part of a country's foreign strategy. With further promotion of the going global strategy, Chinese overseas enterprises have become important participants in globalization and thus major actors shaping China's national image. However, several overseas enterprises have adversely affected China's national image due to lack of cooperation, lack of legal concepts, lack of environmental awareness, ignorance of social responsibility and cultural differences. To this end, the Chinese government should focus on raising awareness among overseas enterprises about national image, establishing a clear mechanism for the entry and exit of overseas enterprises, fostering publicity among overseas enterprises, strengthening the guidance of overseas enterprises in performing their duties, and guiding Chinese overseas enterprises to actively and effectively shape a responsible national image.

A literature review of research exploring the experiences of overseas nurses in the United Kingdom[2002-2017]

Objectives: The goals of this work were to critically explore the challenges faced by overseas nurses during their working careers in the UK, to critically explore the available support for overseas nurses, and to make recommendations on how to minimize the effects of these challenges, as well as how to provide more support for overseas nurses during their working careers in the UK.Methods: A systematic and comprehensive literature review was conducted to explore the said objectives. A search was conducted in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature(CINAHL), Scopus, and Academic Search Complete databases for relevant research. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to select the included articles. A total of 8 studies including 6 qualitative studies,1 quantitative study, and 1 mixed-method study were selected for literature review. The validity and reliability of these 8 studies were analyzed by using 2 appraisal tools.Results: This review reveals 4 challenges, which overseas nurses experience in the past 15 years, including cultural differences,communication issues, unequal opportunities, and de-skilling. These challenges have a negative impact on overseas nurses' emotions and career development. The formal and informal supports are revealed in this review. Various supports can help overseas nurses to work better.Conclusions: This review reveals 4 challenges faced by overseas nurses, including cultural differences, communication issues,and unequal opportunities and de-skilling. These challenges naturally have a profound negative impact on the emotions and career development of overseas nurses. Additionally, the formal and informal support systems available to these nurses are reviewed. Various support systems can help overseas nurses work more effectively.