Proteo-transcriptomic profiles reveal key regulatory pathways and functions of LDHA in the ovulation of domestic chickens(Gallus gallus)

Background In poultry, the smooth transition of follicles from the preovulatory-to-postovulatory phase impacts egg production in hens and can benefit the poultry industry. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying follicular ovulation in avians is a complex biological process that remains unclear.Results Critical biochemical events involved in ovulation in domestic chickens(Gallus gallus) were evaluated by transcriptomics, proteomics, and in vitro assays. Comparative transcriptome analyses of the largest preovulatory follicle(F1) and postovulatory follicle(POF1) in continuous laying(CL) and intermittent laying(IL) chickens indicated the greatest difference between CL_F1 and IL_F1, with 950 differentially expressed genes(DEGs), and the smallest difference between CL_POF1 and IL_POF1, with 14 DEGs. Additionally, data-independent acquisition proteomics revealed 252 differentially abundant proteins between CL_F1 and IL_F1. Perivitelline membrane synthesis, steroid biosynthesis, lysosomes, and oxidative phosphorylation were identified as pivotal pathways contributing to ovulation regulation. In particular, the regulation of zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3, plasminogen activator, cathepsin A, and lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA) was shown to be essential for ovulation. Furthermore, the inhibition of LDHA decreased cell viability and promoted apoptosis of ovarian follicles in vitro.Conclusions This study reveals several important biochemical events involved in the process of ovulation, as well as crucial role of LDHA. These findings improve our understanding of ovulation and its regulatory mechanisms in avian species.

Usefulness of Newly Devised Clomiphene Citrate Administration Method Compared with the Conventional Method in Ovulation and Pregnancy

Objective: Since not all women wish to conceive a child through aggressive treatment, we investigated the usefulness of modified repeated intracyclic clomiphene citrate (CC) therapy (repeated CC therapy) as a newly devised administration method. Methods: We evaluated the effects of CC administration on menstrual cycle length and retrospectively compared ovulation and pregnancy in 220 women who received CC at our hospital. Patients in the conventional method group received 50 mg per day for five days, starting on the fifth day of menstruation (withdrawal bleeding). Groups with and without menstrual cycle shortening after conventional CC administration were compared. The repeated CC therapy group was also compared with the non-shortened group. Repeated CC therapy was administered for the first five days as in the conventional method, and a second five-day repeat treatment was administered after an interval of five to seven days. Pregnancy rates, including indirect pregnancies, were evaluated by three different methods. Results: Ovulation and pregnancy rates were significantly better in the shortened group than in the non-shortened group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.010, respectively). Even in the non-shortened group, ovulation and pregnancy rates including indirect pregnancies were significantly improved when ovulation was observed with repeated CC therapy (P < 0.001 and P = 0.022, respectively). Conclusions: For patients whose menstrual cycle was not improved or shortened, repeated CC therapy as the newly devised CC administration method is useful as the next step after the conventional CC administration method.

Clinical Application of Double Ovulation Stimulation in Patients with Diminished Ovarian Reserve and Asynchronous Follicular Development Undergoing Assisted Reproduction Technology

Objective This study aimed to compare the clinical effects of double ovulation stimulation(DouStim)applied during the follicular and luteal phases with the antagonist protocol in patients with diminished ovarian reserve(DOR)and asynchronous follicular development undergoing assisted reproductive technology(ART).Methods The clinical data of patients with DOR and asynchronous follicular development receiving ART from January 2020 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into two groups according to their ovulation stimulation protocol:DouStim group(n=30)and antagonist group(n=62).Assisted reproduction and clinical pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results In the DouStim group,the number of oocytes retrieved,metaphase II(MII)oocytes,two-pronuclei(2PN),day 3(D3)embryos,D3 high-quality embryos as well as blastocyst formation,implantation,and human chorionic gonadotropin-positive rates were significantly greater than those in the antagonist group(all P<0.05).No significant differences were found in MII,fertilization,or continued pregnancy rates at the first frozen embryo transfer(FET),in-vitro fertilization(IVF)cancellation,or early medical abortion rates between the groups(all P>0.05).Except for the early medical abortion rate,the DouStim group generally had favorable outcomes.In the DouStim group,the dosage and duration of gonadotropin and the fertilization rate were significantly greater in the first ovulation stimulation induction than in the second ovulation stimulation induction(P<0.05).Conclusion The DouStim protocol efficiently and economically obtained more mature oocytes and high-quality embryos for patients with DOR and asynchronous follicular development.

Research Progress on Mechanism of Ovulation Disorder in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is a reproductive endocrine disease characterized by ovulation disorder,hyperandrogenism and/or polycystic ovary.Follicular development disorder caused by PCOS accounts for up to 75%of anovulatory infertility,which is a common cause of infertility and affects up to 15%of reproductive aged women worldwide.Oxidative stress,chronic inflammation,endoplasmic reticulum stress and other pathological conditions coexist in the ovarian microenvironment of PCOS,which are further aggravated under the action of high levels of androgens,synergistically deteriorating the follicular microenvironment,leading to ovulation disorders in PCOS patients.This paper briefly reviewed the research on the mechanism of PCOS ovulation disorder in recent years.

Therapeutic Approach out of IVF of Ovulation Disorders in Sub-Saharian African

Objectives: To describe our management strategy of ovulation disorders. Patients and methods: From a retrospective collection of data from the records, we identified over a period of one year (January 2016-December 2016), 47 patients followed in gynecology department of University and Hospital Centers of Yopougon and Treichville in Abidjan (Cote d’Ivoire) for ovulation disorders. The diagnosis of dysovulation was made following a hormonal check up and a follicular monitoring ultrasound. These patients underwent a specific treatment according to the type of dysovulation they presented. Results: The average age was 31.9 years with a significant proportion of nulliparous (66%). Body mass index was high in 44.7% of patients, of whom 19.1% were obese and 25.6% overweight. The hormonal balance was disrupted in 48.9% of cases. Polycystic ovary syndrome (WHO type IIb dysovulation) was the most common pathology (36%). The proposed treatments were dominated by clomiphene citrate (31.9%) and gonadotrophins (25.5%). 14.9% of pregnancies were obtained. Conclusion: This study allows us to offer better management of ovulation disorders, but this necessarily entails a careful exploration and an appropriate treatment.

Relationship Between the mRNA Expression Level of TGF-β Receptor Genes in Tissues and Ovulation Rate in Hu Sheep

Eight ewes of Hu sheep which bred multi-lamb were used as the high-fecundity group and the other eight ewes of Hu sheep which bred single lamb were used as the control group to investigate the relationship between the mRNA expression level of TGF-β receptor genes in tissues and ovulation rate in Hu sheep. Cloprostenol sodium was injected to make the synchronization of estrus treatment, then all ewes were slaughtered within 24-36 h after empathema and the ovaries were collected. Furthermore, the number of ovulation points was counted to determine ovulation rate for each sheep. Tissue expression analysis was conducted by RT-PCR for one ewe form the high-fecundity group and the relationship between the mRNA expression of genes encoding TGF-β receptors and ovulation rate was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The results showed that the relative expression level of TGF-flR I gene in the reproductive organ was significantly higher than in the lung and muscle （P 〈 0.01）, while relative expression level of TGF-βR H in reproductive organ was significantly higher than that of other tissues （P 〈 0.01）, indicating that these are highly expressed genes in the ovary. In addition, mRNA expression level of TGF-βR I and TGF-flRH in the ovaries of the high-fecundity group were significantly higher （P〈 0.01） and obviously higher （P= 0.011） than the control group, respectively. The mRNA expression level of TGF-βR I and TGF-βR H had a positive correlation with ovulation rate and the correlation coefficients were 0.562 （P〉 0.05） and 0.711 （P〈 0.05）, respectively. It is suggested that TGF-β receptors have close relationship with highfecundity in Hu sheep.

Randomized controlled trial of Letrozole versus Clomiphene citrate for induction of ovulation in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): A Malaysian experience

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Letrozole versus Clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) with infertility. Methods: This was a prospective randomized trial involving 150 women with PCOS attending the Infertility Clinic at three hospitals in Malaysia. During the initial visit, anthropometric measurements and baseline investigations were performed. Patients were randomized to 5.0 mg Letrozole daily (75 patients) or 100 mg Clomiphene citrate daily (75 patients) from the fifth until the ninth day of menstruation. Serial transvaginal scans were performed to see the dominant follicles, endometrial thickness and number of follicles. Transvaginal scans were performed serially to look for evidence of ovulation. Results: The subjects were homogenously distributed. The difference between Letrozole and Clomiphene citrate for ovulation rate was 59 (78.7%) versus 40 (53.3%). Patients taking Letrozole exhibited a mean endometrial thickness (ET) at mid cycle of menses (Day 11-D14) of9.2 mm(SD ± 2.3) versus8.4 mm(SD ± 2.2) for patients taking Clomiphene citrate, and these differences were statistically significant

Heterotopic tubal pregnancy with live twin birth complicating ovulation induction assisted cycle

Heterotopic pregnancy is an uncommon clinical entity in Nigeria even though some of the risk factors are highly prevalent in the population. We report a case of heterotopic pregnancy following ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate. A favourable outcome resulting in live twin birth was recorded despite the presence of poor clinical features that affects pregnancy and foetal outcome.

Ovarian pregnancy rupture following ovulation induction and intrauterine insemination:A case report

BACKGROUND Ovarian pregnancy after assisted reproductive technology treatment has rarely been reported;ovarian pregnancy following intrauterine insemination(IUI)is even rarer,and only nine cases have previously been reported.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of ovarian pregnancy rupture after ovulation induction and IUI.The patient presented with bilateral lower abdominal pain and was referred to the emergency department.Ultrasound examination revealed ovarian pregnancy and intraperitoneal bleeding.Laparoscopy revealed an ovarian pregnancy with hemoperitoneum,which was subsequently removed.Pelvic adhesions were detected intraoperatively,which were treated immediately.The patient spontaneously conceived an intrauterine pregnancy 3 mo later,which was ongoing at the time of writing this study.CONCLUSION Close attention should be paid to any history of pelvic inflammatory disease before commencing IUI treatment,and patients with such a history should be closely followed up after IUI.Early measurement of serumβ-human chorionic gonadotropin levels and ultrasonic examination are essential for timely diagnosis of ovarian pregnancy after ovulation induction and IUI to avoid more serious complications.

Malignant transformation of hepatocellular adenoma in a young female patient after ovulation induction fertility treatment:A case report

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular adenoma(HCA) is a rare benign liver tumor usually affecting young women with a history of prolonged use of hormonal contraception.Although the majority is asymptomatic, a low proportion may have significant complications such as bleeding or malignancy. Despite responding to the hormonal stimulus, the desire for pregnancy in patients with small HCA is not contraindicated. However, through this work we demonstrate that intensive hormonal therapies such as those used in the treatment of infertility can trigger serious complications CASE SUMMARY A 33-year-old female with a 10-year history of oral contraceptive use was diagnosed with a hepatic tumor as an incidental finding in an abdominal ultrasound. The patient showed no symptoms and physical examination was unremarkable. Laboratory functional tests were within normal limits and tests for serum tumor markers were negative. An abdominal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) was performed, showing a 30 mm × 29 mm focal lesion in segment VI of the liver compatible with HCA or Focal Nodular Hyperplasia with atypical behavior. After a total of six years of follow-up, the patient underwent ovulation induction treatment for infertility. On a following MRI, a suspected malignancy was warned and hence, surgery was decided. The surgical specimen revealed malignant transformation of HCA towards trabecular hepatocarcinoma with dedifferentiated areas. There was non-evidence of tumor recurrence after three years of clinical and imaging follow-up.,CONCLUSION HCAs can be malignant regardless its size and low-risk appearance on MRI when an ovultation induction therapy is indicated.

Chinese traditional medicine for induction of ovulation

This is a review paper of some effective recipes of Chinese traditional medicine usedin ovulation induction and treatment of gynecological diseases. Some clinical results bygynecologists using Chinese traditional medicine in combination with western medicineand results from research on traditional medicine with modern technology are presented.A list of frequently used traditional medicine for ovulation induction are selected from the famous Compendium of Materica Medica(本草纲目)by Li Shi-zhen(李时珍).

Effects of Foods on Maturity and Spawning Induction Methods on Ovulation of Rice Field Eel Monopterus albus(Zuiew,1793)in Thua Thien Hue Province,Vietnam

Adult rice field eels with 125.52±27.99 g body weight corresponding to 44.79±5.93 cm in length were maturity cultured in a 5 m^2 cement tank without mud for three months with density 30 eels/m^2.Eel broodstocks were fed with three types of food including:sea fish(T1),commercial pellet food(T2)and mixed food—50%sea fish and 50%commercial pellet food(T3).Result showed that the maximum gonadosomatic index(GSI)of female eels fed by sea fish(2.89%±0.67%)was higher than both commercial pellet food(1.62%±0.62%)and mixed food(2.03%±0.82%)(P<0.05),while,GSI of male eels was 1.27%±0.31%,0.68%±0.23%and 1.14%±0.41%(P>0.05).Maturity rate of female fed by sea fish(88.91%±9.64%)was higher than commercial pellet food(61.12%±9.64%)(P<0.05).The maturity rate of male eels was rather low and there was not significantly different among treatments(P>0.05).Then.the eels were induced for spawning with two kinds of hormones,including T1:human chorionic ganadotropin(HCG)at 1,500 IU/kg,T2:luteinzing hormone-releasing hormone(LHRH-a)at 150μg/kg and domperidon 10 mg/kg,and T3:control without hormone.The results of spawning induction methods showed that the reproduction rate of female eels induced by LHRH-a and HCG hormones were higher than that by natural reproduction method(P<0.05).Others,the survival rate of fry eels after 5 d using natural reproduction method(92.65%±2.54%)was higher than both using LHRH-a(67.77%±1.91%)and HCG(68.65%±1.23%)hormones(P<0.05).The average diameter of eggs was 3.40-3.41 mm and the length of newly hatched eels was 1.72±0.19 cm.

The Clinical and Experimental Research on Billings Ovulation Method During Breastfeeding

Objective The effectiveness and acceptability of Billings Ovulation Method (BOM) during breastfeeding were studied. At the same time, the monitoring indexes of fertility return were studied.Methods It was a clinical comparative study of BOM and IUD containing copper (200mm 2). The annual rate of pregnancy, discontinuation rate and continuation rate in the two groups was determined. The serum prolactin and estradiol in 90 breastfeeding mothers and urine estrogen and pregnanediol in different feeding mothers were measured.Results There were 219 subjects in the BOM group and 200 in the IUD group. The pregnancy rate in this two groups was 1. 43% and 1. 54% respectively. The rates of discontinuation and continuation in the IUD group were:8. 87% and 91. 35% as well as in the BOM group were 8. 53% and 90. 17% respectively. Neither result was statistically significant (P>0. 05). The experimtal research showed that menses return was well estimated by 0. 35 ratio of serum prolactin vs. estrodiol. Sensitivity and specificity was 94. 61% and 84. 61% respectively. It also indicated that (1) the levels of urine hormone were closely related to the patterns of cervical mucus and (2) the incidence of ovulating before the second return of menses in partially breastfeeding mothers was much lower than that of bottle-feeding mothers (47. 05% vs. 94. 20%). Conclusion BOM is a simple, reliable and well accepted contraceptive method of during breastfeeding. If it can be combined with the measurement of serum prolactin/ estradiol, the date of menses return will be determined more easily. Encouraging mothers to breast-feed will be beneficial to the health of both babies and mothers and delay the fertility return of mothers.

Ovulation detection mechanism—a microcomputer based approach

This paper presents a real-time microcomputer-based logger for measuring basal body temperature (BBT). BBT is the normal resting body temperature of a healthy person immediately upon waking in the morning. The temperature for women normally rises after ovulation due to hormonal changes. The temperature is logged real-time into the computer over a period and the BBT chart produced is used to predict ovulation. There is high correlation between the approach developed by this study and other standard measuring equipments—correlation of 0.9945with standard thermistor, and correlation of 0.9977 with standard thermocouple. This development enables privacy of use, allowing women to predict their ovulation status at a personal level.

Role of Nurse in Administrating Induction of Ovulation Medications at Assisted Reproduction Center versus at Home

Background: The response of ovaries during controlled ovarian stimulation is the most important factor for evaluating the pregnancy outcome in assisted reproductive techniques. Aim: The study is to assess the role of a nurse in giving induction of ovulation medications at assisted reproduction university center versus home medications by private In Vitro Fertilization and infertility center on clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction. Subjects and Methods: Case-control research design, conducted at two centers (Banon private center for IVF and Assisted Reproductive Unit at Women health hospital, Assiut University) during the period from February 2018 to November 2018. The sample size included 150 women undergoing IVF for each group. Results: There is no statistically significant difference between women given IVF medications by the nurse at the public IVF center and women take IVF medication in the home at Banon IVF center as regards the outcome of IVF. Majority of infertile patients are satisfied with the care, they received and nearly third of them are satisfied with outcome of IVF in both groups, and there is statistically significant difference between satisfaction in public IVF center and satisfaction in private center in relation to information provided about IVF procedure, staff willingness to listen carefully and help patients;regular progress update on condition is in place with p value (0.000, 0.005, 0.003) respectively. Conclusion: IVF outcome isn’t significantly related to where induction medication was taken either at IVF center or at the home because infertile couples are keen to comply with all instructions on how to take medications with correct route, correct dose and on time. Recommendations: Empower the role of nurse as a health educator for women undergoing IVF about importance of stage of induction and take medications with correct route, correct dose and on time on outcome of IVF;other studies should also be conducted in other centers to further investigate the issue.

Study on the Diagnostic Value of Combined Detection of Sperm Quality, Sex Hormone and Ovulation in Infertility

Objective: To analyze the application value of combined detection of sperm quality, sex hormone and ovulation in the diagnosis of infertility. Methods: The study was conducted from June 2021 to June 2022. Sixty infertile couples who received IVF cycle treatment in our hospital during this period were selected as the observation group, and 60 couples with good sperm quality and follicle number ≥ 5 who conceived naturally after gynecological disease treatment were selected as the control group during the same period. The sperm quality, sex hormones and ovulation of the two groups were observed, and the change of positive rate was detected by the combined detection method. Results: Compared with the control group, the observation group had less semen (2.82 ± 0.12) ml, lower concentration (69.17 ± 1.28) × 106/ml, normal sperm morphology rate (2.92% ± 0.11%), lower survival rate (70.25% ± 1.16%), higher deformed sperm index (1.39 ± 0.11), and significant differences between groups (P < 0.05);The levels of FSH (7.15 ± 1.33) U/L, LH (5.13 ± 0.53) mU/ml, E2 (72.34 ± 5.11) ng/L, AMH (3.87 ± 0.67) ng/ml and AFC (7.15 ± 0.76) in the control group were significantly better than those in the observation group (P < 0.05). Compared with the single detection method of the three groups, the positive detection rate of the combined diagnosis method was higher, and the difference between the groups was significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: For the diagnosis of infertility, the combined detection method of sperm quality, sex hormone and ovulation can effectively clarify the problems existing in the couple, significantly improve the detection rate of the cause of the patient, and is more conducive to guiding clinical symptomatic treatment, which is worthy of promotion and reference.

The advantage of low-dose clomiphene citrate for overweight women with anovulation

Background:To investigate the potential advantage of using low-dose clomiphene citrate to promote ovulation in women with overweight or obesity.Methods:The patients with overweight were divided randomly into regular clomiphene citrate group(clomiphene citrate 50 mg/d,n=83)and low-dose clomiphene citrate group(clomiphene citrate 25 mg/d,n=105).All patients received treatment from the 5th day of their menstrual cycles.Results:Luteinizing hormone levels and estradiol levels were more increased in the low-dose group compared with the regular group(P<0.05).Low-dose group showed significantly thicker endometrium,fewer dosage and shorter days of human menopausal gonadotropin,less numbers of mature follicles and lower rates of cancellation(P<0.05)on human chorionic gonadotropin day.After human chorionic gonadotropin injection,the ovulation rate in the low-dose group was significantly higher than the regular group(P<0.05).No difference was detected in the biochemical pregnancy rates both groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:The low-dose clomiphene citrate treatment significantly reduced the number of mature follicles and increased the thickness of endometrium on the human chorionic gonadotropin day with less side effects.The low-dose clomiphene citrate also achieved the better ovulation rate.

Clinical Study on the Therapeutic Effect of Combined Traditional Chinese Medicine with Acupoint Injection and Herbal Paste Application in Treating Ovulatory Dysfunction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of combined traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy with acupoint injection and herbal patch application on patients with ovulatory dysfunction associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: A total of 80 PCOS patients who received treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine between October 2022 and March 2024 were enrolled in this study. They were randomly divided into a control group (n = 40) and an observation group (n = 40). The control group received conventional Western medical treatments, while the observation group was administered TCM combined with acupoint injection and herbal patch application. Pre- and post-treatment conditions were compared between the two groups. Results: After treatment, the overall effective rate was significantly higher in the observation group compared to the control group (P 0.05). Following treatment, both ovulation and pregnancy rates increased in both groups, but the increase was more evident in the observation group, showing a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01). Conclusion: For patients with oligoovulation or anovulation due to PCOS, the combined use of TCM, acupoint injection, and herbal patch application appears to be effective in improving systemic symptoms and achieving notable clinical outcomes.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON INVOLVEMENT OF tPA ACTIVITY IN OVULATION INDUCED BY hCG AND GnRH AGONIST IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS

A GnRH agonist (5-50 μg) is capable of inducing ovulation in PMSG-primed hypophy-sectomized immature rats, as is the case in hCG-induced ovulation, but 2-4 h earlier than hCG. GnRH-induced ovulation is effectively blocked by the concomitant administration of the GnRH-antagonist which failed to interfere with hCG-induced ovulation, indicating that GnRH and its agonists do not share a receptor with LH/hCG. Like hCG, GnRH is also capable of inducing tissue type (tPA), but not urokinase type (uPA) PA. The plasminogen activator activity in ovarian homogenates and the granulosa and theca-interstitial cells increase in a time-dependent manner, reaching maximum levels just prior to ovulation. Similar to hCG, GnRH also increases tPA activity in cumulus-oocyte complexes in a time-dependent fashion.

Coordinated Regulation of Tissue Type Plasminogen Activator and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type-1 Gene Expression in Hypophysectomized Rat Ovaries During GnRHa-Induced Ovulation

In this study we have demonstrated that both granulosa and theca-interstitial cells of hy-pophysectomized rat ovaries are capable of synthesizing tPA and PAI-1.Injection of a GnRH agonist canmarkedly induce these gene expressions in the ovary in a cell-specific and time-coordinated manner,so that asurge of tPA mRNA and its activity in both granulosa and theca-interstitial cells was obtained just prior toovulation.Theca-interstitial cells make PAI-1 become the most active in the ovary.Both the amount PAI-1mRNA and its activity in the cells reach the maximum level 6 h before the tPA peak.By contrast,granulosacells produce only a little amount of PAI-1 (most increase tPA activity),and both PAI-1 mRNA and activityin the cells reach the maximum after ovulation.The coordinated regulation of tPA and PAI-1 in the ovarymay fine-tune the peak of tPA activity which may be important for the regulation of the ovulatory process.The changes of tPA and PAI-1 in the ovarian cells of hypophysectomized rats during GnRHa-induced ovula-tion are similar to that in intact rats during hCG-induced ovulation,suggesting that the ovulatory process canbe modulated by different regulatory signals mediated by influencing the coordinated expression of both tPAand PAI-1.