Pilot plant study on ozonation and biological activated carbon process for drinking water treatment

A study on advanced drinking water treatment was conducted in a pilot scale plant taking water from conventional treatment process. Ozonation-biological activated carbon process （O3-BAC） and granular activated carbon process （GAC） were evaluated based on the following parameters： CODMn, UV254, total organic carbon （TOC）, assimilable organic carbon （AOC） and biodegradable dissolved organic carbon （BDOC）. In this test, the average removal rates of CODMn, UV254 and TOC in O3-BAC were 18.2%, 9.0% and 10.2% higher on （AOC） than in GAC, respectively. Ozonation increased 19.3-57.6 μg Acetate-C/L in AOC-P17, 45.6-130.6 μg Acetate-C/L in AOC-NOX and 0.1-0.5 mg/L in BDOC with ozone doses of 2 8 mg/L. The optimum ozone dose for maximum AOC formation was 3 mgO3/L. BAC filtration was effective process to improve biostability.

Enhanced biological nutrient removal in modified carbon source division anaerobic anoxic oxic process with return activated sludge pre-concentration

A pilot-scale modified carbon source division anaerobic anoxic oxic(AAO) process with pre-concentration of returned activated sludge(RAS) was proposed in this study for the enhanced biological nutrient removal(BNR) of municipal wastewater with limited carbon source. The influent carbon source was fed in step while a novel RAS pre-concentration tank was adopted to improve BNR efficiency, and the effects of an influent carbon source distribution ratio and a RAS pre-concentration ratio were investigated. The results show that the removal efficiency of TN is mainly influenced by the carbon source distribution ratio while the TP removal relies on the RAS pre-concentration ratio. The optimum carbon source distribution ratio and RAS pre-concentration ratio are 60% and 50%, respectively, with an inner recycling ratio of 100% under the optimum steady operation of pilot test, reaching an average effluent TN concentration of 9.8 mg·L-1with a removal efficiency of 63% and an average TP removal efficiency of 94%. The mechanism of nutrient removal is discussed and the kinetics is analyzed. The results reveal that the optimal carbon source distribution ratio provides sufficient denitrifying carbon source to each anoxic phase, reducing nitrate accumulation while the RAS pre-concentration ratio improves the condition of anaerobic zone to ensure the phosphorus release due to less nitrate in the returned sludge. Therefore, nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and phosphorus accumulation organisms play an important role under the optimum condition, enhancing the performance of nutrient removal in this test.

Study on Treatment of the Pesticide Wastewater by the Composite Process of Biological Active Carbon Filter-Fluid Bed

[ Objectlve] The research aimed to study treatment effect of the pesticide wastewater by the composite process of biological active car- bon filter-fluid bed. [Method] The composite process of biological active carbon filter- fluid bed was applied to treat the mixed pesticide wastewater. The removal efficiencies of CODcr, BODs, NH3-N, SS and the influence factors were investigated. [ Result] The composite process had good treatment efficiency for pesticide wastewater. After running stably, the average removal rates of CODc,, BODs, NH3-N and SS were re- spectively 91.6%, 96.2%, 90.2% and 87.5%. All indices reached the third level cdteda specified in Comprehensive Standard of the Sewage Dis- charge （DB12/356-2008）. [ Conclusionl The whole system operates reliably and simply, and provides a stable, convenient and economical solu- tion for deep treatment of the mixed pesticide wastewater.

微气泡臭氧-BAC去除典型嗅味物质的效果

为了解决黄河下游湖库水源水中2-甲基异莰醇(2-MIB)和土臭素(GSM)等嗅味物质超标问题,开发了微气泡臭氧-生物活性炭组合工艺(MBO3-BAC),该工艺能提高臭氧传质效率和利用率,并能有效应对水体的有机污染,出水水质符合《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2022),对强化湖库水源水处理、提升饮用水水质的稳定性具有实际应用潜力。考察了运行工况和水体背景基质对MBO3-BAC去除2-MIB和GSM效果的影响。结果表明,MBO3-BAC运行过程中,GSM和2-MIB的去除率与臭氧浓度呈正相关,增加炭床停留时间可提高GSM和2-MIB的去除率。此外,水体中无机阴离子CO32-/HCO3-会抑制MBO3-BAC对嗅味物质的去除效果,但SO_(4)^(2-)对去除嗅味物质具有促进作用;当水中腐殖酸浓度为1 mg/L时有助于GSM和2-MIB的去除,但过高的腐殖酸浓度会显著抑制MBO3-BAC的运行效能;pH也会影响MBO3-BAC的效能,碱性环境更适宜去除2-MIB和GSM。

净水厂生物活性炭微生物解析和风险研究进展

系统梳理了活性炭表面存在的微生物类群和优势物种,其中原核生物中变形菌门和拟杆菌门常为其中的优势菌门,真核生物以原生动物和微型后生动物为主;并对某些优势菌群在污染物去除过程中的潜在功能进行了总结,大多数为好氧的化能有机异养微生物。还探讨了可能存在的风险微生物,水源性耐氯细菌病原体属于放线菌亚纲、芽孢杆菌纲和γ-变形菌纲;并归纳了影响微生物群落的因素,包括载体、水质条件、剩余臭氧和进水流向。研究结果有望为净水厂臭氧/生物活性炭工艺的精确调控提供理论依据和技术支撑。

臭氧活性炭工艺处理多种新污染物复合污染研究

以南方某流域水体可检出的SD、SMZ、HCB、马拉硫磷和BPA等新污染物为研究对象,进行复合新污染物共存的原水加标处理试验,研究预处理-常规处理-臭氧活性炭工艺处理效果。结果表明,SD、SMZ、BPA与COD_(Mn)均具有较好的相关性;生物预处理工艺对SD、SMZ、HCB、马拉硫磷和BPA去除率分别为23.97%、21.20%、6.08%、16.26%和23.76%,生物预处理最优停留时间是120min,最优气水比是1:2;常规处理工艺对SD、SMZ、HCB、马拉硫磷和BPA的去除率分别为18.02%、20.08%、23.02%、8.26%和16.53%,常规处理中SMZ和马拉硫磷的混凝剂最佳投加量为15mg/L,其余3种新污染物的混凝剂最佳投加量为20mg/L;深度处理工艺对SD、SMZ、HCB、马拉硫磷和BPA的去除率分别为49.13%、53.80%、60.20%、77.07%和71.50%,深度处理最佳臭氧投加量是3mg/L,最佳臭氧接触时间为24min,最优炭床停留时间是25min。试验工艺对复合新污染物具有良好的去除作用,对SD、SMZ、HCB、马拉硫磷和BPA的总去除率达到了69.86%、73.10%、73.65%、83.74%和82.72%,试验条件下出水的HCB、马拉硫磷和BPA满足《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2022),出水的磺胺嘧啶和磺胺二甲嘧啶满足欧美发达国家的水质标准。

污水生化处理工艺发展阶段化技术特征及未来趋势

百余年来,伴随人类社会和科技日新月异,污水生化处理技术也在实现快速发展与不断迭代,新工艺与新反应器、新功能微生物与新生化代谢途径不断被提出、发现和解析,并进一步推动了污水处理技术的进步与升级。回顾了过去百余年污水生化处理技术发展历程,就典型污水生化工艺,结合技术研发进展、技术成熟度及案例应用情况,给出了不同生化处理工艺代际划分与技术发展期“S曲线”,分析了近些年来新涌现出的一些革新性污水生化处理工艺的技术原理、技术特征,结合实际案例分析了工艺技术特征、技术优势与总体效能,从工艺强化、绿色低碳与集约高效等方面总结了未来污水处理发展的技术趋势,以期为“双碳背景”下排水系统提质增效工作、未来国内前瞻性污水厂工艺设计与运行提供参考和借鉴。

生化+芬顿氧化+臭氧催化氧化+生物活性炭组合工艺在医化废水处理中的应用研究

某医化园区各医化企业废水经企业内污水处理站处理达到纳管标准(COD浓度不超过500 mg/L)后排入下游污水处理厂。目前各企业排水COD_(Cr)浓度在200~450 mg/L之间,废水的BOD_(5)/COD_(Cr)只有0.1左右,可生化性较差,容易对下游污水处理厂造成影响。目的:在医化废水进入下游污水处理厂前,使医化废水COD_(Cr)达标。方法:采用生化+芬顿氧化+臭氧催化氧化+生物活性炭组合工艺对医化废水进行中试研究。中试进水COD_(Cr)浓度在206~284 mg/L之间,中试规模为0.5 m^(3)/h。分别考察生化、芬顿氧化、臭氧催化氧化和生物活性炭工艺对COD_(Cr)的处理效果和组合工艺的整体效果。结果:生化、芬顿氧化、臭氧催化氧化和生物活性炭工艺对COD_(Cr)的平均去除率分别为35%、47%、23%、34%,组合工艺的去除率为83%,出水COD_(Cr)浓度为36~47 mg/L,满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)中一级A标准。结论:该组合工艺具有较好的耐负荷冲击能力,适于医化废水的处理。

Effect of ozone on the performance of a hybrid ceramic membrane-biological activated carbon process

Two hybrid processes including ozonation-ceramic membrane-biological activated carbon （BAC） （Process A） and ceramic membrane-BAC （Process B） were compared to treat polluted raw water. The performance of hybrid processes was evaluated with the removal efficiencies of turbidity, ammonia and organic matter. The results indicated that more than 99% of particle count was removed by both hybrid processes and ozonation had no significant effect on its removal. BAC filtration greatly improved the removal of ammonia. Increasing the dissolved oxygen to 30.0 mg/L could lead to a removal of ammonia with concentrations as high as 7.80 mg/L and 8.69 mg/L for Processes A and B, respectively. The average removal efficiencies of total organic carbon and ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm （UV254, a parameter indicating organic matter with aromatic structure） were 49% and 52% for Process A, 51% and 48% for Process B, respectively. Some organic matter was oxidized by ozone and this resulted in reduced membrane fouling and increased membrane flux by 25%-30%. However, pre-ozonation altered the components of the raw water and affected the microorganisms in the BAC, which may impact the removals of organic matter and nitrite negatively.

给水厂嗅味及溴化物复合微污染原水处理试验与工程应用

随着农村城市化、农业工业化的推进,水环境受到了污染。针对水的浑浊度、菌类仅采用混凝、沉淀、过滤、消毒工艺的水厂不能大幅度降低水中溶解杂质,不可避免地引起了自来水水质变化。以山东省新泰市Q水厂为例,自2010年开始,水库水源水因网箱养鱼和支流河道污水汇入,导致藻类繁殖,高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))、氨氮等污染物含量增加,水质恶化。藻类破裂释放的微囊藻毒素和放线菌代谢产生的土臭素(geosmin,GSM)、2-甲基异莰醇(2-methylisoborneol,2-MIB)严重影响了饮用水供水水质。根据微污染杂质的主要成分、变化规律及产生的环境因素、生物因素等,特对强化常规处理法、物理吸附法、化学氧化法、生物降解等微污染水源水处理方法进行比较分析。认为采用臭氧(O_(3))氧化还原能有效氧化藻致嗅化合物和微囊藻毒素。考虑到当地水源水中含有溴化物的特点,选用O_(3)氧化和生物活性炭(BAC)过滤联用较为合理。经对Q水厂出厂水试验,在水温为10℃左右、O_(3)投加量≤2.0 mg/L、BAC滤池空床接触时间为12 min,具有去除CODMn50%、氨氮40%以上、溴酸盐≤0.01 mg/L的效果。按此工艺实施Q水厂升级改造工程,实现了出厂水水质稳定达标。通过对O_(3)-BAC工艺的处理效能持续监测和低温条件下的强化处理运行管控研究发现:低温季节,气水冲洗活性炭滤层摩擦剧烈,生物膜脱落,增殖缓慢,降低生物氧化降解作用,除污染效果变差。调整冲洗方式后,改善了这一现象;选用水并联、O_(3)化氧气串联的完全混合连续式反应器(CSTR)溶解臭氧化气体,增大气、水接触面积和气体浓度差、加快液膜紊动更新,和通用的水串联、O_(3)化气体并联的鼓泡式反应器相比,极大提高了O_(3)化气体溶解度。理论计算,制水成本减少了44.63%。

臭氧-生物活性炭工艺的关键影响因素研究进展

作为现今净水厂深度处理的主流技术,臭氧-生物活性炭工艺通过将臭氧氧化、活性炭吸附降解联用,具有绿色、高效、处理效果好等优点。本文对O_(3)-BAC工艺的关键影响因素--臭氧氧化副产物及活性炭理化性质进行了探讨,综述了臭氧氧化有机污染物的过程,副产物对活性炭吸附以及生物降解的影响,深入分析了活性炭孔隙结构、官能团、π电子供受体及表面电荷等理化性质对其吸附以及生物降解过程的影响,对O_(3)-BAC工艺设计提出了合理建议。

A review on treatment of disinfection byproduct precursors by biological activated carbon process

Disinfection by-products(DBPs)in water systems have attracted increasing attention due to their toxic effects.Removal of precursors(mainly natural organic matter(NOM))prior to the disinfection process has been recognized as the ideal strategy to control the DBP levels.Currently,biological activated carbon(BAC)process is a highly recommended and prevalent process for treatment of DBP precursors in advanced water treatment.This paper first introduces the fundamental knowledge of BAC process,including the history,basic principles,typical process flow,and basic operational parameters.Then,the selection of BAC process for treatment of DBP precursors is explained in detail based on the comparative analysis of dominant water treatment technologies from the aspects of mechanisms for NOM removal as well as the treatability of different groups of DBP precursors.Next,a thorough overview is presented to summarize the recent developments and breakthroughs in the removal of DBP precursors using BAC process,and the contents involved include effect of pre-BAC ozonation,removal performance of various DBP precursors,toxicity risk reduction,fractional analysis of NOM,effect of empty bed contact time(EBCT)and engineered biofiltration.Finally,some recommendations are made to strengthen current research and address the knowledge gaps,including the issues of microbial mechanisms,toxicity evaluation,degradation kinetics and microbial products.

含铁、锰水源水深度处理工艺的运行实验研究

对铁、锰含量较高又存在有机微污染的原水进行深度处理的生产规模的净水厂 (规模 10m3 /h) ,进行了运行效能的试验研究 .该水厂由射流曝气→砂滤罐→臭氧接触氧化罐→生物活性炭滤罐→木鱼石滤罐→紫外线照射清水箱等处理单元组成 .通过曝气充氧 砂滤预处理 ,去除溶解性的二价铁 6 0 %以上 ,在剩余臭氧的量为 0 .4mg/L(相应的臭氧投量为 :4mg/L)的条件下 ,经臭氧接触氧化和生物活性炭过滤 ,在HRT 2 0min时 ,可去除铁锰高达 10 0 % ,CODMn的去除率达 90

超滤/臭氧/生物炭组合工艺预处理源水

采用超滤、臭氧、生物活性炭及砂滤等工艺并进行组合,对源水中可溶性有机物和THM前驱物进行预处理。结果表明,超滤 臭氧 生物活性炭工艺组合对水中THM前驱物、DOC、E260及浊度都有明显的去除效果,尤其臭氧氧化对改善THM前驱物和难生物降解有机物的可生化性有十分显著的作用。生物活性炭与臭氧组合能有效地去除饮用水中的有害、有毒物质,提高饮用水的安全性。

臭氧生物活性炭深度处理黄浦江上游原水

对黄浦江上游原水进行臭氧生物活性炭中试研究表明:在臭氧有效投量为2.0 mg/L、臭氧接触塔和活性炭柱停留时间均为11 m in的条件下,臭氧生物活性炭工艺对水中CODMn和UV254的平均去除率分别为29.95%和48.83%,出水CODMn和UV254值分别为2.96 mg/L和0.053cm-1;为保证炭柱出水氨氮浓度≤0.5 mg/L,建议控制炭柱进水氨氮浓度≤1.5 mg/L;水温、进水浓度、炭柱停留时间以及臭氧投量对污染物去除效果均有一定的影响。

臭氧氧化自来水生物稳定性研究

采用可同化有机碳（ＡＯＣ）研究某石化地区臭氧氧化自来水的生物稳定性．结果表明，地下水原水ＡＯＣ含量为４１３μｇ／Ｌ，不具有生物稳定性，水源遭到有机物污染．臭氧氧化使水中ＡＯＣ增加７倍，活性炭吸附出水ＡＯＣ为２５７μｇ／Ｌ，再经臭氧消毒ＡＯＣ为２５８μｇ／Ｌ．某石化地区臭氧氧化结合活性炭吸附能有效减少ＡＯＣ含量，但原水中过高的ＡＯＣ使工艺出水仍不具有生物稳定性．

臭氧/陶瓷膜对生物活性炭工艺性能和微生物群落结构影响

利用处理量为120m3/d的臭氧/陶瓷膜-生物活性炭(BAC)组合工艺处理微污染原水,对工艺性能和BAC中的微生物多样性和种群结构进行了研究.结果显示,组合工艺可有效去除微污染原水中的有机物和氨氮.臭氧曝气提高了溶解氧浓度,改善了后续BAC工艺对氨氮的去除效果.组合工艺对氨氮和CODMn的总去除率分别约为90%和84%,其中BAC在污染物的去除中发挥了重要作用.组合工艺和传统工艺中BAC床层共检测到36个门类的细菌.与传统BAC工艺相比,臭氧/陶瓷膜降低了后续BAC中微生物群落结构的多样性和均匀度.组合工艺BAC中存在丰度较高的亚硝化单胞菌属和硝化螺旋菌属,可能对氨氮的去除具有重要的作用.臭氧/陶瓷膜对后续BAC中致病菌和条件致病菌有很好的预处理和抑制作用,显著降低了其相对丰度,提高了饮用水的生物安全性.

净水工艺对饮用水生物稳定性控制的研究

利用现场中试装置,系统比较了预处理单元、常规处理单元及深度处理单元中可生物降解有机物BDOC和AOC的生成和去除特性.结果表明:常规工艺+活性炭过滤对CODMn的去除率仅能达到30%,无法有效保证出水水质要求,而常规工艺+臭氧活性炭可以很好地满足水质标准,去除率可达50%以上.以控制生物稳定性为目的时,氧化剂的投加会增加AOC和BDOC浓度,降低生物稳定性.不投加氧化剂,直接采用常规工艺+普通活性炭过滤可将出水AOC含量控制在50μg/L以下.但要实现对CODMn和生物稳定性的同时控制,常规工艺+臭氧+生物活性炭的工艺组合是本研究中的最佳工艺组合.

臭氧投加量对臭氧-生物活性炭组合工艺影响的研究

为研究臭氧投加量对臭氧-生物活性炭(O3-BAC)组合工艺深度处理再生水效果的影响,在中试系统中考察了随臭氧投加量的变化O3-BAC组合工艺对再生水中常规指标的去除效能。研究结果表明,臭氧反应接触时间为30 min,活性炭滤池空床接触时间(BECT)为15 min时,当臭氧投加量在1～10 mg/L范围内变化,组合工艺对色度、高锰酸盐指数、UV254、DOC和SUVA去除率分别在46.4%～93.3%、10.5%～30.5%、18.4%～53.5%、1.4%～9.0%和17.2%～49.1%范围内;当臭氧投加量为6 mg/L时,O3-BAC组合工艺对再生水中NH3-N的去除率达到最大,为45.8%,此时对再生水中色度、高锰酸盐指数、UV254、DOC和SUVA的去除率分别为86.7%、17.3%、40.7%、5.7%和37.1%。可见,O3-BAC组合工艺深度处理再生水能够有效去除有机物,综合改善水质,有很好的应用前景。

臭氧-固定化生物活性炭去除煤气废水中酚的研究

将降解酚类化合物的高效工程菌固定在活性炭上,采用臭氧-固定化生物活性炭(O3-IBAC)工艺处理煤气废水。研究证明:在臭氧投量为18mg/L ,接触时间为2 0min时,臭氧可以改变水中有机物的结构,但是有机物的总量没有明显的变化。当煤气废水进水COD、酚类的质量浓度分别为5 0 0mg/L、95mg/L左右时,采用O3-IBAC工艺对两者的去除率可以分别达到80 %、92 %以上。系统运行6个月后,IBAC上工程菌分布均匀,炭数量可达6 .1×10 3cfu/g ,而且工程菌在种类上仍然占优势。同时,运用生态位理论解释了工程菌可以长期稳定存在。