Geothermal resources are a promising approach to clean renewable energy;90%of them are deep reservoirs of hot dry rock that require hydraulic fracturing to create a network of connections among wells to enable efficie...Geothermal resources are a promising approach to clean renewable energy;90%of them are deep reservoirs of hot dry rock that require hydraulic fracturing to create a network of connections among wells to enable efficient heat exchange,known as an Enhanced Geothermal System(EGS).The Pohang EGS project in south Korea led to a devasting Mw5.5 earthquake,triggered by the reservoir's EGS stimulation,the largest earthquake known to have been induced by EGS development.Detailed investigations have been conducted to understand the cause of the Pohang earthquake;the conclusion has been that overpressurized injected fluids migrated into an unknown fault triggering this large earthquake.Detailed velocity images for the source zone of the 2017 Pohang earthquake,which could be helpful for further understanding its inducing mechanism,are unavailable.However,we have assembled detailed aftershock data recorded by 41 local stations installed within about three months after the Mw5.5 Pohang earthquake,and have then applied the V_(p)/V_(s)model's consistency-constrained double-difference seismic tomography method to determine the high-resolution three-dimensional Vp(compressional wave velocity),Vs(shear wave velocity),and V_(p)/V_(s)models of the source region that we report here,as well as earthquake locations within the source region.The velocity images reveal that the deep source area of the 2017 Pohang earthquake is dominated by low Vp,high Vs,and low V_(p)/V_(s)anomalies,a pattern that can be caused by overpressurized vapors due to high temperatures at these depths.Based on aftershock locations and velocity features,our studies support the conclusion that the 2017Pohang earthquake was triggered by injected EGS fluids that migrated into a blind fault.展开更多
Atomic-scale doping strategies and structure design play pivotal roles in tailoring the electronic structure and physicochemical property of electromagnetic wave absorption(EMWA)materials.However,the relationship betw...Atomic-scale doping strategies and structure design play pivotal roles in tailoring the electronic structure and physicochemical property of electromagnetic wave absorption(EMWA)materials.However,the relationship between configuration and electromagnetic(EM)loss mechanism has remained elusive.Herein,drawing inspiration from the DNA transcription process,we report the successful synthesis of novel in situ Mn/N co-doped helical carbon nanotubes with ultrabroad EMWA capability.Theoretical calculation and EM simulation confirm that the orbital coupling and spin polarization of the Mn–N4–C configuration,along with cross polarization generated by the helical structure,endow the helical converters with enhanced EM loss.As a result,HMC-8 demonstrates outstanding EMWA performance,achieving a minimum reflection loss of−63.13 dB at an ultralow thickness of 1.29 mm.Through precise tuning of the graphite domain size,HMC-7 achieves an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 6.08 GHz at 2.02 mm thickness.Furthermore,constructing macroscale gradient metamaterials enables an ultrabroadband EAB of 12.16 GHz at a thickness of only 5.00 mm,with the maximum radar cross section reduction value reaching 36.4 dB m2.This innovative approach not only advances the understanding of metal–nonmetal co-doping but also realizes broadband EMWA,thus contributing to the development of EMWA mechanisms and applications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Bletilla striata polysaccharides(BSP)have antioxidant,immune regulation,and anti-fibrotic activities.However,the therapeutic effect and mechanisms underlying the action of BSP in metabolic dysfunction-assoc...BACKGROUND Bletilla striata polysaccharides(BSP)have antioxidant,immune regulation,and anti-fibrotic activities.However,the therapeutic effect and mechanisms underlying the action of BSP in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)have not been fully understood.AIMTo investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of BSP on MASLD by centering on the hepatocyte nuclearfactor kappa B p65(RelA)/hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha(HNF1α)signaling.METHODSA mouse model of MASLD was induced by feeding with a high-fat-diet(HFD)and a hepatocyte model of steatosiswas induced by treatment with sodium oleate(SO)and sodium palmitate(SP).The therapeutic effects of BSP onMASLD were examined in vivo and in vitro.The mechanisms underlying the action of BSP were analyzed for theireffect on lipid metabolism disorder,endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress,and the RelA/HNF1αsignaling.RESULTSHFD feeding reduced hepatocyte RelA and HNF1αexpression,induced ER stress,lipid metabolism disorder,andnecroptosis in mice,which were significantly mitigated by treatment with BSP.Furthermore,treatment with BSP orBSP-containing conditional rat serum significantly attenuated the sodium oleate/sodium palmitate(SO/SP)-induced hepatocyte steatosis by decreasing lipid accumulation,and lipid peroxidation,and enhancing theexpression of RelA,and HNF1α.The therapeutic effects of BSP on MASLD were partially abrogated by RELAsilencing in mice and RELA knockout in hepatocytes.RELA silencing or knockout significantly down-regulatedHNF1αexpression,and remodeled ER stress and oxidative stress responses during hepatic steatosis.CONCLUSIONTreatment with BSP ameliorates MASLD,associated with enhancing the RelA/HNF1αsignaling,remodeling ERstress and oxidative stress responses in hepatocytes.展开更多
目的探究强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)模型小鼠和临床患者外周血单个核细胞(peripheralblood mononuclear cell,PBMC)中微小RNA-142-5p(miR-142-5p),细胞因子信号转导抑制因子1(suppressor ofcytokine signaling 1,SOCS1)m...目的探究强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)模型小鼠和临床患者外周血单个核细胞(peripheralblood mononuclear cell,PBMC)中微小RNA-142-5p(miR-142-5p),细胞因子信号转导抑制因子1(suppressor ofcytokine signaling 1,SOCS1)mRNA表达及其对免疫功能的影响。方法通过实时荧光定量(quantitative real timePCR,qRT-PCR)检测2022年1月~2023年3月商丘市第一人民医院收治的30例确诊的AS患者(患者组)和30例健康体检者(健康组)的PBMC中miR-142-5p和SOCS1 mRNA水平。采用牛蛋白聚糖联合完全弗氏佐剂诱导AS小鼠模型,然后将小鼠分为对照组、模型组、阴性组和拮抗剂组。对照组和模型组小鼠尾静脉注射生理盐水,阴性组和拮抗剂组小鼠分别尾静脉注射NC-antagomir和miR-142-5p-antagomir。治疗2周后,分别评估各组小鼠的关节炎症状评分。通过苏木精伊红(hematoxylin eosin,HE)染色评价踝关节形态。采用ELISA法检测小鼠血清中Th1细胞因子干扰素γ(IFN-γ)、Th2细胞因子白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、Th17细胞因子白细胞介素-17(IL-17)和Treg细胞因子叉头盒蛋白P3(FOXP3)的表达水平。通过qRT-PCR和Western blot检测PBMC和踝关节组织中miR-142-5p,SOCS1,IFN-γ,IL-4,IL-17和FOXP3的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果与健康组比较,患者组PBMC中miR-142-5p水平升高(3.03±0.99 vs1.00±0.21),SOCS1 mRNA水平降低(0.41±0.09 vs 1.00±0.18),差异具有统计学意义(t=10.997,15.956,均P<0.001)。与对照组比较,模型组小鼠踝关节组织中miR-142-5p水平(4.00±0.52 vs 1.00±0.04)升高,IFN-γ和IL-17的mRNA和蛋白水平均升高,SOCS1,IL-4和FOXP3的mRNA和蛋白水平均降低,差异具有统计学意义(t=23.356,31.420,48.056,47.224,38.035,29.007,54.183,28.123,55.155,26.758,45.346,均P<0.05);关节炎症状评分升高(7.83±0.94 vs 0.00±0.00,t=22.212,P<0.05),踝关节结构破坏明显;血清中IFN-γ,IL-17水平以及IFN-γ/IL-4比值(0.81±0.08 vs 2.08±0.33)和IL-17/FOXP3比值(0.41±0.03 vs 1.27±0.10)均升高,差异具有统计学意义(t=15.382,35.779,15.412,35.130,均P<0.05)。与阴性组比较,拮抗剂组小鼠踝关节组织中miR-142-5p水平(1.47±0.10 vs 3.89±0.33)降低,IFN-γ和IL-17的mRNA和蛋白水平均降低,SOCS1,IL-4和FOXP3的mRNA和蛋白水平均升高,差异具有统计学意义(t=18.846,22.969,43.454,32.617,23.259,20.881,41.832,11.994,32.977,15.190,35.834,均P<0.05);关节炎症状评分降低(7.42±1.24 vs 2.75±0.75,t=13.233,P<0.05),踝关节形态明显改善;血清中IFN-γ,IL-17水平以及IFN-γ/IL-4比值(1.22±0.11 vs 1.91±0.19)和IL-17/FOXP3比值(0.69±0.05vs 1.23±0.12)均降低,差异具有统计学意义(t=8.688,22.972,8.377,22.007,均P<0.05)。结论miR-142-5p在AS中高表达,使用拮抗剂下调miR-142-5p可能通过上调SOCS1进而降低Th1/Th2和Th17/Treg比值,从而改善AS小鼠的免疫平衡并抑制AS的进展。展开更多
Energy-storage systems and their production have attracted significant interest for practical applications.Batteries are the foundation of sustainable energy sources for electric vehicles(EVs),portable electronic devi...Energy-storage systems and their production have attracted significant interest for practical applications.Batteries are the foundation of sustainable energy sources for electric vehicles(EVs),portable electronic devices(PEDs),etc.In recent decades,Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) have been extensively utilized in largescale energy storage devices owing to their long cycle life and high energy density.However,the high cost and limited availability of Li are the two main obstacles for LIBs.In this regard,sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) are attractive alternatives to LIBs for large-scale energy storage systems because of the abundance and low cost of sodium materials.Cathode is one of the most important components in the battery,which limits cost and performance of a battery.Among the classified cathode structures,layered structure materials have attracted attention because of their high ionic conductivity,fast diffusion rate,and high specific capacity.Here,we present a comprehensive review of the classification of layered structures and the preparation of layered materials.Furthermore,the review article discusses extensively about the issues of the layered materials,namely(1) electrochemical degradation,(2) irreversible structural changes,and(3) structural instability,and also it provides strategies to overcome the issues such as elemental phase composition,a small amount of elemental doping,structural design,and surface alteration for emerging SIBs.In addition,the article discusses about the recent research development on layered unary,binary,ternary,quaternary,quinary,and senary-based O3-and P2-type cathode materials for high-energy SIBs.This review article provides useful information for the development of high-energy layered sodium transition metal oxide P2 and O3-cathode materials for practical SIBs.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease(DKD),characterized by increased urinary microalbumin levels and decreased renal function,is the primary cause of end-stage renal di-sease.Its pathological mechanisms are complicated ...BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease(DKD),characterized by increased urinary microalbumin levels and decreased renal function,is the primary cause of end-stage renal di-sease.Its pathological mechanisms are complicated and multifactorial;Therefore,sensitive and specific biomarkers are needed.Urinary exosome originate from diverse renal cells in nephron segments and partially mirror the pathological changes in the kidney.The microRNAs(miRNAs)in urinary exosome are remark-ably stable and highly tissue-specific for the kidney.METHODS Type 2 diabetic mellitus(T2DM)patients were recruited from the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University and were divided into two groups:DM,diabetic pa-tients without albuminuria[urinary albumin to creatinine ratio(UACR)<30 mg/g]and DKD,diabetic patients with albuminuria(UACR≥30 mg/g).Healthy subjects were the normal control(NC)group.Urinary exosomal miR-145-5p,miR-27a-3p,and miR-29c-3p,were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The correlation between exosomal miRNAs and the clinical in-dexes was evaluated.The diagnostic values of exosomal miR-145-5p and miR-27a-3p in DKD were determined using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis.Biological functions of miR-145-5p were investigated by performing RESULTS Urinary exosomal expression of miR-145-5p and miR-27a-3p was more upregulated in the DKD group than in the DM group(miR-145-5p:4.54±1.45 vs 1.95±0.93,P<0.001;miR-27a-3p:2.33±0.79 vs 1.71±0.76,P<0.05)and the NC group(miR-145-5p:4.54±1.45 vs 1.55±0.83,P<0.001;miR-27a-3p:2.33±0.79 vs 1.10±0.51,P<0.001).The exosomal miR-145-5p and miR-27a-3p positively correlated with albuminuria and serum creatinine and negatively correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate.miR-27a-3p was also closely related to blood glucose,gly-cosylated hemoglobin A1c,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.ROC analysis revealed that miR-145-5p had a better area under the curve of 0.88[95%confidence interval(CI):0.784-0.985,P<0.0001]in diagnosing DKD than miR-27a-3p with 0.71(95%CI:0.547-0.871,P=0.0239).Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the target genes of miR-145-5p were located in the actin filament,cytoskeleton,and extracellular exosome and were involved in the pathological processes of DKD,including apoptosis,inflammation,and fibrosis.CONCLUSION Urinary exosomal miR-145-5p and miR-27a-3p may serve as novel noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers or promising therapeutic targets for DKD.展开更多
The widespread interest in layered P2-type Mn-based cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)stems from their cost-effectiveness and abundant resources.However,the inferior cycle stability and mediocre rate per...The widespread interest in layered P2-type Mn-based cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)stems from their cost-effectiveness and abundant resources.However,the inferior cycle stability and mediocre rate performance impede their further development in practical applications.Herein,we devised a wet chemical precipitation method to deposit an amorphous aluminum phosphate(AlPO_(4),denoted as AP)protective layer onto the surface of P2-type Na_(0.55)Ni_(0.1)Co_(0.7)Mn_(0.8)O_(2)(NCM@AP).The resulting NCM@5AP electrode,with a 5 wt%coating,exhibits extended cycle life(capacity retention of78.4%after 200 cycles at 100 mA g^(-1))and superior rate performance(98 mA h g^(-1)at 500 mA g^(-1))compared to pristine NCM.Moreover,our investigation provides comprehensive insights into the phase stability and active Na^(+)ion kinetics in the NCM@5AP composite electrode,shedding light on the underlying mechanisms responsible for the enhanced performance observed in the coated electrode.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42304056)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(D2023305007)+1 种基金supported by the Basic Research Project(GP2020-017,GP2020027)of the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources(KIGAM)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT of Korea。
文摘Geothermal resources are a promising approach to clean renewable energy;90%of them are deep reservoirs of hot dry rock that require hydraulic fracturing to create a network of connections among wells to enable efficient heat exchange,known as an Enhanced Geothermal System(EGS).The Pohang EGS project in south Korea led to a devasting Mw5.5 earthquake,triggered by the reservoir's EGS stimulation,the largest earthquake known to have been induced by EGS development.Detailed investigations have been conducted to understand the cause of the Pohang earthquake;the conclusion has been that overpressurized injected fluids migrated into an unknown fault triggering this large earthquake.Detailed velocity images for the source zone of the 2017 Pohang earthquake,which could be helpful for further understanding its inducing mechanism,are unavailable.However,we have assembled detailed aftershock data recorded by 41 local stations installed within about three months after the Mw5.5 Pohang earthquake,and have then applied the V_(p)/V_(s)model's consistency-constrained double-difference seismic tomography method to determine the high-resolution three-dimensional Vp(compressional wave velocity),Vs(shear wave velocity),and V_(p)/V_(s)models of the source region that we report here,as well as earthquake locations within the source region.The velocity images reveal that the deep source area of the 2017 Pohang earthquake is dominated by low Vp,high Vs,and low V_(p)/V_(s)anomalies,a pattern that can be caused by overpressurized vapors due to high temperatures at these depths.Based on aftershock locations and velocity features,our studies support the conclusion that the 2017Pohang earthquake was triggered by injected EGS fluids that migrated into a blind fault.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22265021)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(2020Z056056003)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20232BAB212004).
文摘Atomic-scale doping strategies and structure design play pivotal roles in tailoring the electronic structure and physicochemical property of electromagnetic wave absorption(EMWA)materials.However,the relationship between configuration and electromagnetic(EM)loss mechanism has remained elusive.Herein,drawing inspiration from the DNA transcription process,we report the successful synthesis of novel in situ Mn/N co-doped helical carbon nanotubes with ultrabroad EMWA capability.Theoretical calculation and EM simulation confirm that the orbital coupling and spin polarization of the Mn–N4–C configuration,along with cross polarization generated by the helical structure,endow the helical converters with enhanced EM loss.As a result,HMC-8 demonstrates outstanding EMWA performance,achieving a minimum reflection loss of−63.13 dB at an ultralow thickness of 1.29 mm.Through precise tuning of the graphite domain size,HMC-7 achieves an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 6.08 GHz at 2.02 mm thickness.Furthermore,constructing macroscale gradient metamaterials enables an ultrabroadband EAB of 12.16 GHz at a thickness of only 5.00 mm,with the maximum radar cross section reduction value reaching 36.4 dB m2.This innovative approach not only advances the understanding of metal–nonmetal co-doping but also realizes broadband EMWA,thus contributing to the development of EMWA mechanisms and applications.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32260089Science and Technology Research Foundation of Guizhou Province,No.QKHJC-ZK(2022)YB642+3 种基金Science and Technology Research Foundation of Hubei Province,No.2022BCE030Science and Technology Research Foundation of Changzhou City,No.CE20225040Science and Technology Research Foundation of Zunyi City,No.ZSKHHZ(2022)344 and No.ZSKHHZ(2022)360WBE Liver Fibrosis Foundation,No.CFHPC2025028.
文摘BACKGROUND Bletilla striata polysaccharides(BSP)have antioxidant,immune regulation,and anti-fibrotic activities.However,the therapeutic effect and mechanisms underlying the action of BSP in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)have not been fully understood.AIMTo investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of BSP on MASLD by centering on the hepatocyte nuclearfactor kappa B p65(RelA)/hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha(HNF1α)signaling.METHODSA mouse model of MASLD was induced by feeding with a high-fat-diet(HFD)and a hepatocyte model of steatosiswas induced by treatment with sodium oleate(SO)and sodium palmitate(SP).The therapeutic effects of BSP onMASLD were examined in vivo and in vitro.The mechanisms underlying the action of BSP were analyzed for theireffect on lipid metabolism disorder,endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress,and the RelA/HNF1αsignaling.RESULTSHFD feeding reduced hepatocyte RelA and HNF1αexpression,induced ER stress,lipid metabolism disorder,andnecroptosis in mice,which were significantly mitigated by treatment with BSP.Furthermore,treatment with BSP orBSP-containing conditional rat serum significantly attenuated the sodium oleate/sodium palmitate(SO/SP)-induced hepatocyte steatosis by decreasing lipid accumulation,and lipid peroxidation,and enhancing theexpression of RelA,and HNF1α.The therapeutic effects of BSP on MASLD were partially abrogated by RELAsilencing in mice and RELA knockout in hepatocytes.RELA silencing or knockout significantly down-regulatedHNF1αexpression,and remodeled ER stress and oxidative stress responses during hepatic steatosis.CONCLUSIONTreatment with BSP ameliorates MASLD,associated with enhancing the RelA/HNF1αsignaling,remodeling ERstress and oxidative stress responses in hepatocytes.
文摘目的探究强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)模型小鼠和临床患者外周血单个核细胞(peripheralblood mononuclear cell,PBMC)中微小RNA-142-5p(miR-142-5p),细胞因子信号转导抑制因子1(suppressor ofcytokine signaling 1,SOCS1)mRNA表达及其对免疫功能的影响。方法通过实时荧光定量(quantitative real timePCR,qRT-PCR)检测2022年1月~2023年3月商丘市第一人民医院收治的30例确诊的AS患者(患者组)和30例健康体检者(健康组)的PBMC中miR-142-5p和SOCS1 mRNA水平。采用牛蛋白聚糖联合完全弗氏佐剂诱导AS小鼠模型,然后将小鼠分为对照组、模型组、阴性组和拮抗剂组。对照组和模型组小鼠尾静脉注射生理盐水,阴性组和拮抗剂组小鼠分别尾静脉注射NC-antagomir和miR-142-5p-antagomir。治疗2周后,分别评估各组小鼠的关节炎症状评分。通过苏木精伊红(hematoxylin eosin,HE)染色评价踝关节形态。采用ELISA法检测小鼠血清中Th1细胞因子干扰素γ(IFN-γ)、Th2细胞因子白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、Th17细胞因子白细胞介素-17(IL-17)和Treg细胞因子叉头盒蛋白P3(FOXP3)的表达水平。通过qRT-PCR和Western blot检测PBMC和踝关节组织中miR-142-5p,SOCS1,IFN-γ,IL-4,IL-17和FOXP3的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果与健康组比较,患者组PBMC中miR-142-5p水平升高(3.03±0.99 vs1.00±0.21),SOCS1 mRNA水平降低(0.41±0.09 vs 1.00±0.18),差异具有统计学意义(t=10.997,15.956,均P<0.001)。与对照组比较,模型组小鼠踝关节组织中miR-142-5p水平(4.00±0.52 vs 1.00±0.04)升高,IFN-γ和IL-17的mRNA和蛋白水平均升高,SOCS1,IL-4和FOXP3的mRNA和蛋白水平均降低,差异具有统计学意义(t=23.356,31.420,48.056,47.224,38.035,29.007,54.183,28.123,55.155,26.758,45.346,均P<0.05);关节炎症状评分升高(7.83±0.94 vs 0.00±0.00,t=22.212,P<0.05),踝关节结构破坏明显;血清中IFN-γ,IL-17水平以及IFN-γ/IL-4比值(0.81±0.08 vs 2.08±0.33)和IL-17/FOXP3比值(0.41±0.03 vs 1.27±0.10)均升高,差异具有统计学意义(t=15.382,35.779,15.412,35.130,均P<0.05)。与阴性组比较,拮抗剂组小鼠踝关节组织中miR-142-5p水平(1.47±0.10 vs 3.89±0.33)降低,IFN-γ和IL-17的mRNA和蛋白水平均降低,SOCS1,IL-4和FOXP3的mRNA和蛋白水平均升高,差异具有统计学意义(t=18.846,22.969,43.454,32.617,23.259,20.881,41.832,11.994,32.977,15.190,35.834,均P<0.05);关节炎症状评分降低(7.42±1.24 vs 2.75±0.75,t=13.233,P<0.05),踝关节形态明显改善;血清中IFN-γ,IL-17水平以及IFN-γ/IL-4比值(1.22±0.11 vs 1.91±0.19)和IL-17/FOXP3比值(0.69±0.05vs 1.23±0.12)均降低,差异具有统计学意义(t=8.688,22.972,8.377,22.007,均P<0.05)。结论miR-142-5p在AS中高表达,使用拮抗剂下调miR-142-5p可能通过上调SOCS1进而降低Th1/Th2和Th17/Treg比值,从而改善AS小鼠的免疫平衡并抑制AS的进展。
基金supported by a grant from the Subway Fine Dust Reduction Technology Development Project of the Ministry of Land Infrastructure and Transport,Republic of Korea(21QPPWB152306-03)the Basic Science Research Capacity Enhancement Project through a Korea Basic Science Institute(National Research Facilities and Equipment Center)grant funded by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea(2019R1A6C1010016)。
文摘Energy-storage systems and their production have attracted significant interest for practical applications.Batteries are the foundation of sustainable energy sources for electric vehicles(EVs),portable electronic devices(PEDs),etc.In recent decades,Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) have been extensively utilized in largescale energy storage devices owing to their long cycle life and high energy density.However,the high cost and limited availability of Li are the two main obstacles for LIBs.In this regard,sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) are attractive alternatives to LIBs for large-scale energy storage systems because of the abundance and low cost of sodium materials.Cathode is one of the most important components in the battery,which limits cost and performance of a battery.Among the classified cathode structures,layered structure materials have attracted attention because of their high ionic conductivity,fast diffusion rate,and high specific capacity.Here,we present a comprehensive review of the classification of layered structures and the preparation of layered materials.Furthermore,the review article discusses extensively about the issues of the layered materials,namely(1) electrochemical degradation,(2) irreversible structural changes,and(3) structural instability,and also it provides strategies to overcome the issues such as elemental phase composition,a small amount of elemental doping,structural design,and surface alteration for emerging SIBs.In addition,the article discusses about the recent research development on layered unary,binary,ternary,quaternary,quinary,and senary-based O3-and P2-type cathode materials for high-energy SIBs.This review article provides useful information for the development of high-energy layered sodium transition metal oxide P2 and O3-cathode materials for practical SIBs.
基金Supported by the Nature Science Foundation of Hebei Province,No.H2023104011.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease(DKD),characterized by increased urinary microalbumin levels and decreased renal function,is the primary cause of end-stage renal di-sease.Its pathological mechanisms are complicated and multifactorial;Therefore,sensitive and specific biomarkers are needed.Urinary exosome originate from diverse renal cells in nephron segments and partially mirror the pathological changes in the kidney.The microRNAs(miRNAs)in urinary exosome are remark-ably stable and highly tissue-specific for the kidney.METHODS Type 2 diabetic mellitus(T2DM)patients were recruited from the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University and were divided into two groups:DM,diabetic pa-tients without albuminuria[urinary albumin to creatinine ratio(UACR)<30 mg/g]and DKD,diabetic patients with albuminuria(UACR≥30 mg/g).Healthy subjects were the normal control(NC)group.Urinary exosomal miR-145-5p,miR-27a-3p,and miR-29c-3p,were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The correlation between exosomal miRNAs and the clinical in-dexes was evaluated.The diagnostic values of exosomal miR-145-5p and miR-27a-3p in DKD were determined using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis.Biological functions of miR-145-5p were investigated by performing RESULTS Urinary exosomal expression of miR-145-5p and miR-27a-3p was more upregulated in the DKD group than in the DM group(miR-145-5p:4.54±1.45 vs 1.95±0.93,P<0.001;miR-27a-3p:2.33±0.79 vs 1.71±0.76,P<0.05)and the NC group(miR-145-5p:4.54±1.45 vs 1.55±0.83,P<0.001;miR-27a-3p:2.33±0.79 vs 1.10±0.51,P<0.001).The exosomal miR-145-5p and miR-27a-3p positively correlated with albuminuria and serum creatinine and negatively correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate.miR-27a-3p was also closely related to blood glucose,gly-cosylated hemoglobin A1c,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.ROC analysis revealed that miR-145-5p had a better area under the curve of 0.88[95%confidence interval(CI):0.784-0.985,P<0.0001]in diagnosing DKD than miR-27a-3p with 0.71(95%CI:0.547-0.871,P=0.0239).Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the target genes of miR-145-5p were located in the actin filament,cytoskeleton,and extracellular exosome and were involved in the pathological processes of DKD,including apoptosis,inflammation,and fibrosis.CONCLUSION Urinary exosomal miR-145-5p and miR-27a-3p may serve as novel noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers or promising therapeutic targets for DKD.
基金financially supported by the Australian Research Council(ARC) through the Future Fellowship(FT180100705)the financial support from China Scholarship Council+3 种基金the support from UTS-HUST Key Technology Partner Seed Fundthe support from Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel,the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy,Shanghai University(SKLASS 2021-04)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(22010500400)“Joint International Laboratory on Environmental and Energy Frontier Materials”and“Innovation Research Team of High–Level Local Universities in Shanghai”in Shanghai University。
文摘The widespread interest in layered P2-type Mn-based cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)stems from their cost-effectiveness and abundant resources.However,the inferior cycle stability and mediocre rate performance impede their further development in practical applications.Herein,we devised a wet chemical precipitation method to deposit an amorphous aluminum phosphate(AlPO_(4),denoted as AP)protective layer onto the surface of P2-type Na_(0.55)Ni_(0.1)Co_(0.7)Mn_(0.8)O_(2)(NCM@AP).The resulting NCM@5AP electrode,with a 5 wt%coating,exhibits extended cycle life(capacity retention of78.4%after 200 cycles at 100 mA g^(-1))and superior rate performance(98 mA h g^(-1)at 500 mA g^(-1))compared to pristine NCM.Moreover,our investigation provides comprehensive insights into the phase stability and active Na^(+)ion kinetics in the NCM@5AP composite electrode,shedding light on the underlying mechanisms responsible for the enhanced performance observed in the coated electrode.
