Correlation analysis of human papillomavirus E6/E7 mRNA detection with diagnosis,prognosis and recurrence risk in patients with cervical epithelioma

BACKGROUND Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)is an important precursor of cervical cancer.Early detection and treatment can reduce the incidence of cervical cancer.AIM To investigate the detection rate of human papillomavirus(HPV)E6/E7 mRNA in cervical tissue of patients with different types of epithelial cell neoplasia(CIN)and its relationship with CIN progression and diagnosis.METHODS One hundred women with HPV infection detected by cervical exfoliation cytology between January 2022 and January 2023 were retrospectively selected.These patients were graded CIN based on colposcopy and cervical pathology.The positive expression rates of HPV E6/E7 mRNA and HPV[polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-reverse dot crossing]were compared among all groups.Patients with HPV E6/E7 mRNA expression in the grade 1 CIN group were followed up for 1 yr.The relationship between atypical squamous epithelium and high malignant epithelial neoplasia was investigated by univariate and multivariate analysis.RESULTS The diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,and sensitivity of PCR-reverse point hybrid ization technology for secondary CIN were 70.41%,70.66%,and 0.714,respectively.Sensitivity and specificity for secondary CIN were 752%and 7853%,respectively,the area under the curve value was 0.789.Logistic Multifactorial model analysis revealed that the HPV positive rates and the HPV E6/E7 mRNA positive rates were independent risk factors of CIN grade I(P<0.05).In CIN grade I patients with positive for HPV E6/E7 mRNA,in its orientation to grade CIN patients,in its orientation to grade CIN patients,at 69.2%,compared with patients negative for HPV E6/E7 mRNA(30.8%),significant difference(P<0.05).CONCLUSION HPV E6/E7 mRNA and HPV(PCR-reverse dot hybrid)positive expression have a close relationship with CINgrade disease progression and is an independent risk factor for high-grade CIN lesions.

Correlations of the expression of Cx43,SCFFBXW7,p-cyclin E1(Ser73),p-cyclin E1(Thr77)and p-cyclin E1(Thr395)in colon cancer tissues

BACKGROUND Previous cellular studies have demonstrated that elevated expression of Cx43 promotes the degradation of cyclin E1 and inhibits cell proliferation through ubiquitination.Conversely,reduced expression results in a loss of this capacity to facilitate cyclin E degradation.The ubiquitination and degradation of cyclin E1 may be associated with phosphorylation at specific sites on the protein,with Cx43 potentially enhancing this process by facilitating the phosphorylation of these critical residues.AIM To investigate the correlation between expression of Cx43,SKP1/Cullin1/F-box(SCF)FBXW7,p-cyclin E1(ser73,thr77,thr395)and clinicopathological indexes in colon cancer.METHODS Expression levels of Cx43,SCFFBXW7,p-cyclin E1(ser73,thr77,thr395)in 38 clinical colon cancer samples were detected by immunohistochemistry and were analyzed by statistical methods to discuss their correlations.RESULTS Positive rate of Cx43,SCFFBXW7,p-cyclin E1(Ser73),p-cyclin E1(Thr77)and p-cyclin E1(Thr395)in detected samples were 76.32%,76.32%,65.79%,5.26%and 55.26%respectively.Positive expressions of these proteins were not related to the tissue type,degree of tissue differentiation or lymph node metastasis.Cx43 and SCFFBXW7(r=0.749),p-cyclin E1(Ser73)(r=0.667)and p-cyclin E1(Thr395)(r=0.457),SCFFBXW7 and p-cyclin E1(Ser73)(r=0.703)and p-cyclin E1(Thr395)(0.415)were correlated in colon cancer(P<0.05),and expressions of the above proteins were positively correlated in colon cancer.CONCLUSION Cx43 may facilitate the phosphorylation of cyclin E1 at the Ser73 and Thr195 sites through its interaction with SCFFBXW7,thereby influencing the ubiquitination and degradation of cyclin E1.

Needs Analysis of English Culture Background Introduction in Spoken English Classes

With globalization there is an increasing need for spoken English for Chinese college students. However, the situation of the teaching system of spoken English in most universities in China is not satisfactory. Influenced by the exam-oriented teaching system, great importance has been put on English grammar and the skills of reading and writing. As a result, students'enthusiasm in improving their spoken English is diminished. Actually, students need some knowledge about English culture background before they can communicate effectively. It is significant for teachers to find out the students'wants and lacks during their spoken English study. Besides, attentions should be paid to English culture background in spoken English classes by both teachers and students. This paper mainly aimed at finding out the needs of students for English culture background in spoken English classes based on the theory of needs analysis.

TOLERANCE ANALYSIS OF A PLANETARY GEAR REDUCER UNDER CAD CIRCUMSTANCE

Tolerance analysis of a planetary reducer is conducted. By focusing the serially-arranged parts in the central line and setting an appropriate dimension as a “gap”, worst-case tolerance analysis method and statistical （RSS） tolerance analysis are used, and then a tolerance-analyzing tool CE/TOL is introduced. The acceptable value range of the “gap” is from 1.5 mm to 3.5 mm. While worst-case analysis rejects the design, RSS accepts it by a more realistic result with the law of probability accounted. With the help of CE/TOL and CAD software Pro/E, all components＇ dimensions and tolerances are assigned and modified, and more detailed and more comprehensible results are gives out.

Infectivity Analysis of Cloned Genomic DNA of P1 Agent in vitro

The ultrastructure of porcine kidney(PK)-15 cells was examined after lipofectamine-aided transfection of the molecular clone of the P1 agent.PK-15 cells transfected with the tandem dimer of the P1molecular DNA clone had numbers of intracytoplasmic inclusions,and a few cells had intranuclear inclusions.Intracytoplasmic inclusions were round to oval and 0.1-0.3μm in diameter,and intranuclear inclusions,which were more electron dense,were of two general types:the first were round and small(0.1μm approximately)and the second were hexagonal and larger(0.4-0.8μm in diameter).Cells transfected with the tandem dimer of the P1 molecular DNA clone tested positive for P1 DNA at passage 5.This is the first report that the P1 molecular clone has infectivity in vitro and it will provide fundamental materials for further study of the biological characterization of P1.

RNA-seq analysis of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis roots identified candidate genes for saponin synthesis

Paris polyphylla Smith var.yunnanensis(Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.is a rhizomatous,herbaceous,perennial plant that has been used for more than a thousand years in traditional Chinese medicine.It is facing extinction due to overharvesting.Steroids are the major therapeutic components in Paris roots,the commercial value of which increases with age.To date,no genomic data on the species have been available.In this study,transcriptome analysis of an 8-year-old root and a 4-year-old root provided insight into the metabolic pathways that generate the steroids.Using Illumina sequencing technology,we generated a high-quality sequence and demonstrated de novo assembly and annotation of genes in the absence of prior genome information.Approximately 87,577 unique sequences,with an average length of 614 bases,were obtained from the root cells.Using bioinformatics methods,we annotated approximately 65.51% of the unique sequences by conducting a similarity search with known genes in the National Center for Biotechnology Information's non-redundant database.The unique transcripts were functionally classified using the Gene Ontology hierarchy and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database.Of 3082 genes that were identified as significantly differentially expressed between roots of different ages,1518(49.25%) were upregulated and 1564(50.75%) were downregulated in the older root.Metabolic pathway analysis predicted that 25 unigenes were responsible for the biosynthesis of the saponins steroids.These data represent a valuable resource for future genomic studies on this endangered species and will be valuable for efforts to genetically engineer P.polyphylla and facilitate saponin-rich plant development.

Standard and Quantitative Analysis of Cyclin E Threshold by Cyclin E/DNA Multiparameter Flow Cytometry

The threshold of cyclin E expression at G1/S boundary is a characteristic feature of cell cycle progressing. In this study, we tried to develop a quantitative approach to analyze cyclin E threshold by multiparameter flow cytometry. The expression of cyclin E in exponentially growing MOLT-4 cells was detected under different photomultiplier tube (PMT) voltages by cyclin E/DNA multiparameter flow cytometry. Additionally, cyclin E was detected in cells which were treated with caffeine and cycloheximide (CHX) under the same PMT voltage. Moreover, the expression of cyclin E in MOLT-4 cells was compared with that in JURKAT cells. Cyclin E threshold was quantified by formula B2/A×C (A, B, C indicates the minimum, threshold, and maximum of cyclin E fluorescence intensity, respectively). Results showed that in MOLT-4 cells, cyclin E threshold calculated by formula B2/A×C was invariable under different PMT settings. It was decreased in cells treated with caffeine and remained changeless in cells treated with cycloheximide. Cyclin E threshold in JURKAT cells was much lower than that in MOLT-4 cells. It was suggested that Formula B2/A×C we firstly set up could be used to analyze cyclin E expression threshold quantitatively.

Spatial pattern analysis for quantification of landscape structure of Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve,Central India

Landscape structure is often regarded as an important factor that governs the distribution and abundance of species. Therefore it is critical to understand the landscapes and their dynamics. Patterns of landscape elements strongly influence the ecological characteristics. This study was designed to document and map the current status of the tropi-cal dry deciduous forest of the Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve （TATR）, Central India, （using IRS P6 LISS IV data） and to describe its landscape structure at three levels of organization viz. landscape, class, and patch. The study area was classified into 10 land cover classes that include 6 vegetation classes. The landscape structure was analyzed using FRAG-STATS using 12 set of indices. The TATR landscapes have a total of 2,307 patches with a mean patch size of 25.67 ha and patch density of 1.7 patches per km2. Amongst all land cover classes, mixed bamboo forest is dominant-it occupied maximum area （77.99%）-while riparian forest is least represented （0.32%）. Mixed forest has maximum number of patches among all vegetation classes. Results have shown that despite being dominant in the area, mixed bamboo forest has low patch density （0.25/100 ha）. Dominance of mixed bamboo forest is attributed to large patch sizes and not to the number of patches. This study has focussed on the approach of integrating satellite forest classification and forest inven-tory data for studying forest landscape patterns.

Genome-Wide Survey and Expression Analysis of P_(1B)-ATPases in Rice, Maize and Sorghum

P1B-type ATPase ion pumps that transport heavy metal ions across cellular membranes are essential for plant growth and development. To date, a genomic comparison overview of the family in rice, maize and sorghum is not yet available. In this study, a total of 31 heavy metal P1B-type ATPase （HMA） genes were identified, including 9 in rice, 11 each from maize and sorghum. They were classified into two distinct subfamilies based on their sequence composition and phylogenetic relationship. Four pairs of HMA genes were expanded via gene duplication with tandemly duplicated. Comprehensive analyses were performed to investigate the expression profiles of HMA genes in various tissues by using quantitative real-time PCR. Some HMA members exhibited abundant and tissue-specific expression patterns. Moreover, most of the genes were found to be differentially expressed under the Cu/Cd treatment. This study will facilitate further studies on P1B-type ATPase family and provide valuable hints for the functional validation in rice, maize and sorghum.

Genetic Analysis of the P1 Region of Human Enterovirus 71 Strains and Expression of the 55 F StrainVP1 Protein

Enterovirus 71 （EV71） is a member of the Entero-virus genus of the Picomaviridae family and is the major cause of Hand, foot, and mouth disease （HFMD） in children. Different strains from Gansu were cloned and the P1 protein was sequenced and analysed. Results indicate that there are three kinds of EV71 infections prevalent in Gansu. The VP 1 protein from one of these strains, 55F, was expressed. The recombinant protein was expressed with high level and reacted specifically with the EV71 patient antibody, the recombinant protein was also applied to raise antiserum in rabbits and after the fourth injection a high titer of antiserum was detected by ELISA assay. These data are useful for further clarification of prevalent EV71 strains in the north of China at the molecular level and provide a basis for EV71 diagnosis.

Recurrence in node-negative advanced gastric cancer:Novel findings from an in-depth pathological analysis of prognostic factors from a multicentric series

AIM To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with both node-negative gastric carcinoma and diagnosis of recurrence during follow-up. METHODS We enrolled 41 patients treated with curative gastrectomy for p T2-4 a N0 gastric carcinoma between 1992 and 2010,who developed recurrence(Group 1). We retrospectively selected this group from the prospectively collected database of 4 centers belonging to the Italian Research Group for Gastric Cancer,and compared them with 437 p T2-4 a N0 patients without recurrence(Group 2). We analyzed lymphatic embolization,microvascular infiltration,perineural infiltration,and immunohistochemical determination of p53,Ki67,and HER2 in Group 1 and in a subgroup of Group 2(Group 2 bis) of 41 cases matched with Group 1 according to demographic and pathological characteristics. RESULTS T4 a stage and diffuse histotype were associated with recurrence in the group of p N0 patients. In-depth pathological analysis of two homogenous groups of p N0 patients,with and without recurrence during longterm follow-up(groups 1 and 2 bis),revealed two striking patterns: lymphatic embolization and perineural infiltration(two parameters that pathologists can easily report),and p53 and Ki67,represent significant factors for recurrence.CONCLUSION The reported pathological features should be considered predictive factors for recurrence and could be useful to stratify node-negative gastric cancer patients for adjuvant treatment and tailored follow-up.

Correlation of E-selectin gene polymorphisms with risk of ischemic stroke A meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the association of E-selectin $128R polymorphisms with ischemic stroke. DATA SOURCES： A computer-based online search was conducted in PubMed, Elsevier, Ovid Database, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Database between January 1998 and December 2010. STUDY SELECTION： Case-controlled studies addressing the association of the E-selectin polymorphism and ischemic stroke were included in this review. The genotype distribution complied with the Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium. The included reports were evaluated by two authors for strict quality screening. Meta-analysis software, REVMAN 5.1, was used to investigate heterogeneity, pooled odds ratio （OR） and 95% confidence interval （CO in individual studies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Genotype and allele distributions at the E-selectin $128R site. RESULTS： Six case-controlled studies were included after screening and application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. There was no heterogeneity in the genotype and allele frequencies, and no publication bias was found. Meta-analysis of the pooled data showed that the OR value of the （AC＋CC）/AA genotype was 1.93 （95% CI： 1.55 2.41, Z= 5.80, P 〈 0.000 01）, and the ORfor the C/A allele was 1.80 （95% CI： 1.47 2.22, Z= 5.59, P 〈 0.000 01） in the ischemic stroke group, compared with control group. Results of pooled data in Chinese subjects showed that the ORvalue of （AC＋CC）/AA was 2.36 （95% CI： 1.68 3.31, Z = 4.99, P 〈 0.000 01）, and the OR value of the C/A allele was 2.25 （95% CI： 1.63 3.12, Z= 4.89, P 〈 0.000 01）. CONCLUSION： Polymorphism of E-selectin S128R was significantly associated with susceptibility to ischemic stroke; the AC and CC genotypes as well as the C allele may be factors associated with susceptibility to ischemic stroke.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of Gossypium RING-H2 finger E3 ligase genes revealed their roles in fiber development,and phytohormone and abiotic stress responses

Background： RING H2 finger E3 ligase （RH2FE3） genes encode cysteine rich proteins that mediate E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and degrade target substrates. The roles of these genes in plant responses to phytohormones and abiotic stresses are well documented in various species, but their roles in cotton fiber development are poorly understood. To date, genome wide identification and expression analyses of Gossypium hirsutum RH2FE3 genes have not been reported. Methods： We performed computational identification, structural and phylogenetic analyses, chromosomal distribution analysis and estimated KJKs values of G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes. Orthologous and paralogous gene pairs were identified by all versus all BLASTP searches. We predicted cis regulatory elements and analyzed microarray data sets to generate heatmaps at different development stages. Tissue specific expression in cotton fiber, and hormonal and abiotic stress responses were determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction （qRT PCR） analysis. Results： We investigated 140 G hirsutum, 80 G. orboreum, and evolutionary mechanisms and compared them with orthologs 89 G. roimondii putative RH2FB genes and their in Arobidopsis and rice. A domain based analysis of the G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes predicted conserved signature motifs and gene structures. Chromosomal localization showed the genes were distributed across all G hirsutum chromosomes, and 60 duplication events （4 tandem and 56 segmental duplications） and 98 orthologs were detected, cis elements were detected in the promoter regions of G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes. Microarray data and qRT PCR analyses showed that G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes were strongly correlated with cotton fiber development. Additionally, almost all the （brassinolide, gibberellic acid （GA）, indole 3-acetic acid drought, and salt）. dentified genes were up regulated in response to phytohormones （IAA）, and salicylic acid （SA）） and abiotic stresses （cold, heat, Conclusions： The genome wide identification, comprehensive analysis, and characterization of conserved domains and gene structures, as well as phylogenetic analysis, cis element prediction, and expression profile analysis of G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes and their roles in cotton fiber development and responses to plant hormones and abiotic stresses are reported here for the first time. Our findings will contribute to the genome wide analysis of putative RH2FE3 genes in other species and lay a foundation for future physiological and functional research on G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes.

Sensitivity analysis method for increasing the passenger demands of parking and riding

Focused on finding out the relationship between passenger demands of P&R and its influencing factors, a nested-logit mode choice model was developed based on the characteristic of different modes and transfer rules. The utility functions were given respectively according to the characteristic of each alternative. Passenger demands of different modes between O-D pairs were obtained by making use of the binary logit model. Then an equilibrium model for different modes was proposed. Under this condition, the approximate relationship between passenger demands of different modes and their characteristic indexes was modeled by the sensitivity analysis method. Shift volume among different modes was achieved by utilizing this model when their characteristic indexes were changed. A case study indicates that the model and algorithm presented in this paper are effective.

Association between ApoE Polymorphism and Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of 59 Studies

Objective To identify the important risk factors for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(T2 DM) and develop effective strategies to address the problem of T2 DM. Our study aimed to evaluate the association between apolipoprotein E(Apo E) genetic polymorphism and type 2 diabetes, and to provide clues for the etiology of T2 DM.Methods Based on the criteria of inclusion and exclusion, we extracted, pooled, analyzed and assessed the case-control studies of Apo E polymorphism and T2 DM published in Pub Med, Web of Science,Medline, Wan Fang, VIP, and CNKI databases by R soft-ware(version 3.4.3). We used Random-effect models when heterogeneity was present in between-study, and fixed-effect models otherwise.Results We had 59 studies covering 6,872 cases with T2 DM and 8,250 controls, and compared the alleles and genotypes of Apo E between cases and controls. When we conducted a comparison between Apo E ε4 and ε3 alleles, we produced a pooled OR of 1.18(95% CI: 1.09-1.28;P < 0.001). Apo E ε2/ε2 genotype displayed a possible association with T2 DM(OR = 1.46;95% CI: 1.11-1.93;P = 0.007), ε3/ε4 genotype showed a 1.11-fold risk(OR = 1.11;95% CI: 1.01-1.22;P = 0.039) and ε4/ε4 genotype had a1.71-fold risk of developing T2 DM(OR = 1.71;95% CI: 1.33-2.19;P < 0.001) when they were compared with ε3/ε3 genotype.Conclusions There is an association between Apo E polymorphism and T2 DM: allele ε4 and genotypes(ε2/ε2, ε3/ε4, and ε4/ε4) are associated with the increased risk for the development of T2 DM, and they may be risk factors for T2 DM.

Response of fuzzy clustering on different threshold determination algorithms in spectral change vector analysis over Western Himalaya, India

Abstract： Change detection is a standard tool to extract and analyze the earth＇s surface features from remotely sensed data. Among the different change detection techniques, change vector analysis （CVA） have an exceptional advantage of discriminating change in terms of change magnitude and vector direction from multispectral bands. The estimation of precise threshold is one of the most crucial task in CVA to separate the change pixels from unchanged pixels because overall assessment of change detection method is highly dependent on selected threshold value. In recent years, integration of fuzzy clustering and remotely sensed data have become appropriate and realistic choice for change detection applications. The novelty of the proposed model lies within use of fuzzy maximum likelihood classification （FMLC） as fuzzy clustering in CVA. The FMLC based CVA is implemented using diverse threshold determination algorithms such as double-window flexible pace search （DFPS）, interactive trial and error （T＆E）, and 3x3-pixel kernel window （PKW）. Unlike existing CVA techniques, addition of fuzzy clustering in CVA permits each pixel to have multiple class categories and offers ease in threshold determination process. In present work, the comparative analysis has highlighted the performance of FMLC based CVA overimproved SCVA both in terms of accuracy assessment and operational complexity. Among all the examined threshold searching algorithms, FMLC based CVA using DFPS algorithm is found to be the most efficient method.

Two Approaches of Substance Flow Analysis—An Inspiration from Fluid Mechanics

That flow is the common feature of substance flow and fluid flow is the viewpoint emphasized in the paper. Some notes on fluid mechanics, including the two approaches of fluid flow description, were given. The concepts of the chain and the chain group of product life cycles, which are essential for understanding the specific features of substance flow, were advanced. Taking the specific feature of substance flow into consideration, on the analogy of the two approaches in fluid mechanics, two approaches of substance flow analysis, i.e. L method and E model, were formulated. Illustrative models of steady and unsteady substance flow were sketched by both methods, and comparison between them was made in general.

Characterization and expression analysis of genes encoding Taxol biosynthetic enzymes in Taxus spp.

Taxol(Paclitaxel),an important anticancer drug,is derived at very low yields from Taxus(yew)species that grow very slowly.In the present study,thirteen genes that encode enzymes involved in Taxol biosynthesis in Taxus spp.were analyzed with bioinformatics methods,and their expression levels in different tissues and after cold and hormone treatments were also analyzed.The results indicated that many cis-elements related to abiotic stresses and hormones were found in the promoter sequences of the 8 genes involved in Taxol biosynthesis.Moreover,the 13 enzymes encoded by the target genes were located in different organelles and had many phosphorylation sites in the response proteins.The 13 genes were expressed highly either in roots or in stems,with lower transcripts in needles,and they were highly expressed after treatment with cold,gibberellin,methyl jasmonate or coronatine,consistent with predictions based on the bioinformatics analysis.These results suggest that the factors such as hormones and abiotic stresses stimulate taxane biosynthesis in yews,providing an important way to sustainably generate taxanes from yew trees or their cell cultures to improve Taxol yields.

The Research on E-mail Users' Behavior of Participating in Subjects Based on Social Network Analysis

The e-mail network is a type of social network. This study analyzes user behavior in e-mail subject participation in organizations by using social network analysis. First, the Enron dataset and the position-related information of an employee are introduced, and methods for deletion of false data are presented. Next, the three-layer model(User, Subject, Keyword) is proposed for analysis of user behavior. Then, the proposed keyword selection algorithm based on a greedy approach, and the influence and propagation of an e-mail subject are defined. Finally, the e-mail user behavior is analyzed for the Enron organization. This study has considerable significance in subject recommendation and character recognition.

Game Analysis for the Pricing Strategy in Manufacturer-Retailer Supply Chains

Supply Chain Management(SCM) is the term used to de sc ribe the management of the flow of materials, information and funds across the e ntire supply chain, from suppliers to component producers to final assemblers to distribution(warehouses and retailers) and ultimately to the consumers.This pap er studies the coordinated problem for a manufacturing and retailing supply chai n. Differentiating from traditional joint optimization in the literature, the ap proach applies game theory structure as the researching framework to address the problem of coordinating the pricing decisions of the manufacturer and retailer. Three co-op pricing models are developed and discussed which are based on two noncooperative games and one cooperative game. They are a Stakelberg’s two-sta ge game model, a simultaneously move game model and an cooperative game model, r espectively. The results obtained by the sufficient comparisons and discusses te ll us that the noncooperative equilibriums are lower efficiently than joint coop erative equilibrium. In order to get the efficient cooperative mechanism, we int roduce the Pareto efficiency concept and obtain so-called feasible Pareto effic ient set of pricing schemes (contract curve). The cooperative mechanism based on the curve would be solid and stable. These and orther related managerial issues are explored in this paper.