AlGaN基PIN光电探测器的模型与模拟

在漂移扩散方程的基础上建立了AlGaNp-i-n光电探测器的物理模型,分析了多种结构AlGaNp-i-n光电探测器的光谱响应,并讨论了AlGaN/GaN异质结界面极化效应对太阳盲区p-GaN/i-Al0.33Ga0.67N/n-GaN倒置异质结结构p-i-n光电探测器(invertedheterostructurephotodetectors,IHPs)UV/Solar选择比(280nm与320nm响应度之比)的影响.结果表明:优化p层是提高器件光谱响应的有效途径;为获得较高的UV/Solar选择比,光伏模式(零偏压)为太阳盲区p-GaN/i-Al0.33Ga0.67N/n-GaNIHPs的最佳工作模式;在光伏模式下考虑极化效应影响时,Ga面p-GaN/i-Al0.33Ga0.67N/n-GaNIHPs器件的UV/Solar选择比可达750,与Tarsa等人报道的三个量级的实验结果基本一致.

Effect of seawater on incident plane P and SV waves at ocean bottom and engineering characteristics of offshore ground motion records off the coast of southern California, USA

The effect of seawater on vertical ground motions is studied via a theoretical method and then actual offshore ground motion records are analyzed using a statistical method. A theoretical analysis of the effect of seawater on incident plane P and SV waves at ocean bottom indicate that on one hand, the affected frequency range of vertical ground motions is prominent due to P wave resonance in the water layer if the impedance ratio between the seawater and the underlying medium is large, but it is greatly suppressed if the impedance ratio is small; on the other hand, for the ocean bottom interface model selected herein, vertical ground motions consisting of mostly P waves are more easily affected by seawater than those dominated by SV waves. The statistical analysis of engineering parameters of offshore ground motion records indicate that:(1) Under the infl uence of softer surface soil at the seafl oor, both horizontal and vertical spectral accelerations of offshore motions are exaggerated at long period components, which leads to the peak spectral values moving to a longer period.(2) The spectral ratios(V/H) of offshore ground motions are much smaller than onshore ground motions near the P wave resonant frequencies in the water layer; and as the period becomes larger, the effect of seawater becomes smaller, which leads to a similar V/H at intermediate periods(near 2 s). These results are consistent with the conclusions of Boore and Smith(1999), but the V/H of offshore motion may be smaller than the onshore ground motions at longer periods(more than 5 s).

Features of different types of seismic events in China’s Capital Region

Seismic records produced by different seismic sources vary.In this study,we compared the waveform records and time-frequency characteristics of tectonic earthquakes,artificial explosions,and mine collapses in China’s Capital Region.The results show that tectonic earthquakes are characterized by stronger S-wave energy than P-wave energy,obvious high-frequency components,and wide frequency bands of P and S waves.Artificial explosions are characterized by greater P-wave amplitude than S-wave amplitude and near-station surface wave development.Mine collapses are characterized by lower overall frequency,more obvious surface waves,and longer duration.We extracted quantitative discriminants based on the analysis of different event records,with 31 feature values in 7 categories(P/S maximum amplitude ratio,high/low frequency energy ratio,P/S spectral ratio,corner frequency,duration,the second-order moment of spectrum,and energy strongest point).A comparison of the ability of these feature values to recognize distinct events showed that the 6-17 Hz P/S spectral ratio was able to completely distinguish artificial explosions from the other two types of events.The S-wave corner frequency performed relatively well in identifying all three types of events,with an accuracy of over 90%.Additionally,a support vector machine was used to comprehensively distinguish multiple features,with an accuracy for all three types of events reaching up to 100%.

3·21响水爆炸的地震学分析及谱比法研究

使用P/S谱比法重点对响水爆炸中信噪比较高的几个台站记录进行了处理分析。选取2013年1月19日发生在距其7 km左右的一次天然地震事件作为对比。得出频率在2—15 Hz范围内,90%以上的台站,爆炸P/S谱比大于1,天然地震这一值小于1,而在4—15 Hz范围内,这一结果达到了100%。为了进一步验证此方法判断爆炸与天然地震的可行性,本文又对2015年天津港爆炸事件进行计算,得到了相同的结果。此研究为使用P/S谱比法验证低震级爆炸提供案例。本文在研究的同时,对响水爆炸事件进行了波形特征及频谱特征分析。得出此事件地震记录的震相较单一,与普通的爆破记录较相似,并没有出现像2015年天津港爆炸中那样低速的空气声波与地面耦合的Rayleigh波。得到此事件有两个主频率,分别为0.2—1 Hz和4—10 Hz。

沉积层结构被动源探测方法及其在典型盆地的应用

准确的沉积层结构,对盆地地区油气资源调查与勘探、地震动场地效应评估和壳幔深部结构成像等研究均具有重要意义.近二十年来,随着地震观测技术的进步和大量流动台阵数据的积累,利用被动源资料探测沉积层结构的地震学方法研究取得了长足的发展.本文对这些主要方法进行了归纳总结,阐述了基本原理及相关进展.其中,基于远震体波数据的研究方法主要有:接收函数和转换函数、波场反延拓的H-β方法、以及P波质点运动分析等.基于近场体波资料约束沉积层结构通常采用的是高频波形拟合方法.此外,还简要介绍了谱比法、背景噪声面波成像和Rayleigh波Z/H幅度比,以及多种方法的联合反演.最后,对我国东部典型盆地地区,如松辽盆地和华北盆地下方沉积层结构已取得的研究进展进行了总结.

利用纵、横波震源谱参数研究波速比——以岷县—漳县M_(S)6.6地震为例

利用甘肃省区域地震台网提供的地震波形,计算得到甘肃东南地区2010年1月至2014年6月183个M_(L)≥2.5地震纵、横波的拐角频率和零频极限等震源谱参数,分析2013年7月22日岷县—漳县M_(S)6.6地震前后纵、横波拐角频率比值和零频极限比值的变化特征,间接反映震源处波速比的变化。结果如下:(1)拐角频率比值的平均值约为1.32,而由零频极限比值计算得到的波速比平均值约为1.55,后者高于前者;(2)二者得到波速比的时间变化趋势基本一致:两个波速比在岷县地震前后呈现出“明显升高-下降-震前急剧下降-震后缓慢恢复”的变化过程;(3)二者得到的波速比空间分布基本一致:岷县地震震中附近及合作、舟曲等地区在震前出现低值异常,震中附近地区的波速比在震后有所回升。