PKCζ与Raf在AngⅡ引起的大鼠血管平滑肌细胞ERK1/2活化中的作用

目的:研究血管紧张素II(AngⅡ)诱导大鼠血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)肥大的信号转导途径中PKCζ与Raf的作用关系。方法:[3H]-亮氨酸掺入反映VSMC蛋白质合成;Western blotting检测ERK1/2和PKCζ表达;免疫共沉淀实验检测信号分子间的相互作用。结果:AngⅡ刺激可引起VSMC[3H]-亮氨酸掺入显著增加,PKC非特异性抑制剂和PKCζ假底物抑制剂(PS-PKCζ)均明显抑制AngⅡ引起的作用。PS-PKCζ预处理使AngⅡ刺激VSMC的ERK1/2磷酸化水平明显降低。转染dominant negative Raf(Raf S621A)质粒的VSMC中的PKCζ磷酸化水平与转染野生型Raf质粒无明显差异。AngⅡ刺激使Ras与Raf结合增加,但PKCζ抑制剂不影响AngⅡ引起的Raf与Ras的结合。转染Raf S621A抑制Raf活化后,AngⅡ引起的ERK1/2磷酸化水平降低。结论:在VSMC中,PKCζ亚型参与AngⅡ诱导的VSMC蛋白合成,但PKCζ可能通过非依赖Raf的途径激活ERK1/2。

Effects of Activated ACM on Expression of Signal Transducers in Cerebral Cortical Neurons of Rats

To explore the roles of astrocytes in the epileptogenesis, astrocytes and neurons were isolated, purified and cultured in vitro from cerebral cortex of rats. The astrocytes were activated by ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and astrocytic conditioned medium (ACM) was collected to treat neurons for 4, 8 and 12 h. By using Western blot, the expression of calmodulin dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CaMKⅡ), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and adenylate cyclase (AC) was de- tected in neurons. The results showed that the expression of CaMKⅡ, iNOS and AC was increased significantly in the neurons treated with ACM from 4 h to 12 h (P<0.05), and that of iNOS and AC peaked at 8 h and 12 h respectively. It was suggested that there might be some epileptogenic factors in the ACM and such signal pathways as NOS-NO-cGMP, Ca2+?CaM-CaMKⅡ and AC-cAMP-PKA might take part in the signal transduction of epileptogenesis.

Cross-talk between Smad4 and P38 Proteins in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Objective： Impaired signal transduction is associated with tumorigenesis and progression of various kinds of human cancers. Transforming growth factor （TGF）-beta/Smad and ras-mitogen activated protein kinase （MAPK） are two major signal transduction pathways for adjusting cell proliferation and differentiation. Little is known about TGF-beta/Smad4 in non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Hereby, we investigated the expression of Smad4 in NSCLC, its correlation with MAPK proteins （including p38, ERK1 and JNK1 proteins） and their clinical significance in NSCLC. Methods： The expressions of Smad4, p38, ERK1 and JNK1 were detected at protein level with Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, at transcription level with RT-PCR. Statistical analysis was performed for the comparisons of expressions of Smad4, p38, ERK1 and JNK1, and their correlation with various clinicopathological parameters and the prognosis of NSCLC. Results： The levels of protein and mRNA expression of Smad4 in lung cancer tissues were significantly lower than in normal tissues （P〈0.05）. All these four proteins were associated with TNM staging. There was a strongly negative correlation between p38 and Smad4. Expressions of Smad4, p38 and JNK1, as well as tumor differentiation and staging were significantly correlated with the prognosis of NSCLC by univariate analysis. By multivariate analysis, only Smad4, p38, tumor differentiation and staging were correlated with the prognosis. Taken together, the negative expression of p38 and positive expression of Smad4 were associated with a better prognosis of NSCLC. Conclusion： Smad4 could be of vital importance for the initiation and development of NSCLC. The expression of Smad4 might be inhibited by p38, supporting a cross-talk between main proteins of TGF-beta/Smad and ras-MAPK signal transduction pathways. Smad4 and p38 could be possible prognostic factors for NSCLC.

ERK／c-Fos通路在Ang-(1-7)抑制Ang-Ⅱ诱导大鼠肾系膜细胞株增殖中的作用

目的:研究ERK1/2/c-Fos通路在血管紧张素-(1-7)[Ang-(1-7)]抑制血管紧张素Ⅱ(Ang-Ⅱ)诱导的大鼠肾系膜细胞株(GMCS)增殖中的作用。方法:在培养的大鼠肾系膜细胞(GMC)中,加入不同浓度的Ang-(1-7)与Ang-Ⅱ共同培养,用结晶紫计数法检测GMC数目;Western blotting检测GMC中p-ERK1/2和c-Fos蛋白的表达。结果:Ang-(1-7)呈剂量依赖性地抑制Ang-Ⅱ诱导的GMC数目的增加和GMC内p-ERK1/2和c-Fos蛋白的表达。结论:ERK/c-Fos通路参与Ang-(1-7)抑制Ang-Ⅱ诱导的GMC的增殖。

雷帕霉素抑制血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的血管内皮细胞增生(英文)

目的研究阻断PI3K-p70S6K和Ras-p42／p44MAPK信号通路对血管紧张素Ⅱ(ANGⅡ)诱导的脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)增殖及细胞周期进程的影响。方法ANGⅡ联合不同浓度雷帕霉素刺激体外培养的HUVEC,3H-胸腺嘧啶核苷掺入法和3H-亮氨酸掺入法测定细胞DNA和蛋白质合成,流式细胞术检测细胞周期变化,免疫印迹(Western blot)检测细胞信号蛋白p70S6K (p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase),ERK2(extracellular signal regulated kinase)及细胞周期蛋白CyclinD1、CyclinA、和CyclinBt表达的变化。结果雷帕霉素抑制ANGⅡ诱导的血管内皮细胞蛋白质和DNA的合成,并呈剂量依赖性,雷帕霉素抑制ANGⅡ诱导的p70S6K和CyclinD1的表达,阻滞细胞于G1期(P<0．01),而不影响ERK2、CyclinA和CyclinBt的表达。结论PI3K-p70S6K信号通路在ANGⅡ诱导的HUVEC增殖及细胞周期进程中起关键作用,雷帕霉素免疫抑制靶点p70S6K可应用于干预血管内皮细胞的增殖。

PTEN和P-ERK蛋白在皮肤鳞状细胞癌中的表达和意义

目的:探讨PTEN和P-ERK蛋白在皮肤鳞状细胞癌中的表达及意义。方法:采用免疫组化SP法观察34例皮肤鳞癌组织和15例正常皮肤组织石蜡标本中PTEN蛋白和P-ERK蛋白的表达情况。结果:皮肤鳞状细胞癌(SCC)组织中PTEN蛋白阳性表达率(41.18%)明显低于正常皮肤组织(100%)(P<0.05);P-ERK蛋白在SCC中的阳性表达率(76.47%)明显高于正常皮肤组织(20.00%)(P<0.05);SCC中低分化组的PTEN和P-ERK蛋白的阳性表达率分别低于和高于高分化组(P<0.05)。SCC中PTEN和P-ERK蛋白表达之间呈明显的负相关(P<0.01)。结论:PTEN蛋白的低表达或失表达,不能有效抑制Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK信号通路的异常激活,可能使细胞恶性转化和增殖。

尾加压素Ⅱ促进大鼠心肌胶原蛋白表达及乳鼠心肌成纤维细胞的增殖

目的探讨尾加压素Ⅱ(UⅡ)对大鼠心肌纤维化的影响。方法腹主动脉缩窄术建立慢性压力超负荷大鼠心力衰竭模型,大鼠分为假手术组、造模4、8和12周组。利用Western blot分析心肌组织中UⅡ、G蛋白偶联受体(GPR14)、胶原Ⅰ(col-Ⅰ)、Ⅲ(col-Ⅲ)及蛋白激酶A(PKA)的表达。体外培养乳鼠成纤维细胞,分为对照组、UⅡ处理组、UⅡ+KT5720处理组及UII+SB-611812组。镜下观察及CKK-8法检测细胞增殖。结果模型组大鼠心肌组织中UⅡ、GPR14、col-Ⅰ、col-Ⅲ蛋白及PKA的表达显著增加,且呈时间依赖性。UⅡ促进乳鼠成纤维细胞(CFs)的增殖(P<0.05),而KT5720、SB-611812可抑制UⅡ对乳鼠成纤维细胞的促增殖作用。结论 UⅡ及其受体系统促进大鼠心肌纤维化的发生发展。

PI3K-Akt信号通路对人大肠癌hct-8/FU耐药细胞P-GP表达和耐药性的影响

目的:研究磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K-Akt)信号通路对人大肠癌hct-8/FU耐药细胞P-糖蛋白(P-GP)表达和耐药性的影响,探讨其逆转hct-8/FU多药耐药性的作用。方法:MTT法检测人大肠癌hct-8细胞、hct-8/FU耐药细胞、PI3K-Akt通路抑制剂LY294002处理的hct-8/FU耐药细胞对5-FU的半数生长抑制率和耐药指数;蛋白质印迹法检测hct-8、hct-8/FU细胞、LY294002处理的hct-8/FU耐药细胞PI3K、Akt、P-Akt、P-GP的表达变化。结果:大肠癌hct-8细胞对5-FU的半数生长抑制率为(43.2±1.4)mg.L-1,hct-8/FU耐药细胞为(516.00±20.03)mg.L-1,耐药指数为11.9;LY294002处理hct-8/FU耐药细胞后半数生长抑制率为(58.2±4.3)mg.L-1,耐药指数为1.37,较用药前对5-FU的敏感性提高,逆转指数为8.8(P<0.01);hct-8/FU耐药细胞PI3K、Akt、P-Akt、P-GP表达较hct-8细胞明显增加(均P<0.01),LY294002作用后其PI3K、Akt、P-Akt、P-GP表达较用药前明显下降(P<0.01)。结论:PI3K-AKT信号通路可能通过促进人大肠癌hct-8 P-GP的表达,增加其对5-FU的耐药性,降低肿瘤细胞对药物的敏感性。

β片层阻断肽H102对PAP小鼠脑内ERK信号转导通路的影响

目的研究β片层阻断肽H102对PAP双转基因小鼠脑内ERK信号转导通路的激活作用。方法将PAP双转基因小鼠随机分为模型组和给药组,每组10只,设同背景C57BL/6J小鼠为对照组。给药组每日鼻腔给予H102溶液(5.8 mg/kg)5μL,对照组、模型组每日鼻腔给予等体积H102空白辅料溶液。30 d后行Morris水迷宫测试。之后采用免疫组化及免疫印迹技术观察小鼠脑组织内RAS、P-MEK及P-ERK蛋白的表达变化。结果 (1)Morris水迷宫测试。模型组小鼠学习记忆能力较对照组显著降低,给药组较模型组显著提高(均P<0.05)。(2)免疫组化及免疫印迹检测结果。模型组脑内RAS、P-MEK及P-ERK表达较对照组显著降低,给药组蛋白表达较模型组显著增高(均P<0.01)。结论β片层阻断肽H102可激活PAP双转基因小鼠脑内ERK信号转导通路,增加神经细胞PAS、P-MEK及P-ERK的含量,改善PAP小鼠学习记忆能力。

Pingchuan formula(平喘方) improves allergic asthma in mice through inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway

OBJECTIVE:To examine the role and decipher the mechanism of Pingchuan formula(平喘方,PCF)in treating allergic asthma.METHODS:The mice were treated with saline,dexamethasone(DXM)and PCF for 1 week after the asthma model was established and their respiratory function including respiratory resistance(RI),pulmonary dynamic compliance(Cdyn)and maximum voluntary ventilation(MVV)were measured.In addition,cellular changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)and pathological changes in lung biopsy as well as the expression level ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),transforming growth factor-beta1(TGF-β1)in BALF and interleukin-5(IL-5),interleukin-13(IL-13),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interferon-γ(IFN-γ),nuclear factor-kappa B-p65(NF-κBp65),inhibitor-αof nuclear transcription factorκB(IκBα),p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK),c-jun n-terminal kinase(JNK)and its phosphorylated proteins in lung tissue were also examined and compared among different groups.RESULTS:Our data suggested that the respiratory functions were significantly improved and the pathological changes ameliorated in the DXM group and the PCF group compared to the model group.Both DXM and PCF effectively decreased the number of eosinophils,lymphocytes,and neutrophils in BAL as well as the secretion ofα-SMA and TGF-β1,IL-5,IL-13,while increased the expression of TNF-αand IFN-γ.Furthermore,our study indicated that the NF-κBp65,IκBα,p38 MAPK and JNK pathways were inhibited under the treatment of PCF.CONCLUSION:Our data indicated that PCF can attenuate the inflammatory response in asthma through inhibiting the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway.This study not only supported the use of PCF in allergic asthma in clinic but also shed light upon afurther understanding of the disease pathogenesis.

Urotensin Ⅱ promotes monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in aortic adventitial fibroblasts of rat

Background Urotensin Ⅱ （Ull）,a potent vasoconstrictive peptide,is able to stimulate phenotypic differentiation of adventitial fibroblasts.This study aimed to determine the effect of UII on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP1） expression in rat aortic adventitial fibroblasts,so as to explore possible mechanisms in the development of vascular inflammation.Methods Growth-arrested adventitial fibroblasts were incubated in serum-free medium with UII （1010-10-7 mol/L） and inhibitors of signal transduction pathways for 1 to 24 hours.MCP-1 mRNA and protein expression and secretion were determined by RT-PCR,Western blotting analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）,respectively.Results UII dose-and time-dependently promoted MCP-1 mRNA and protein expression and secretion in cells,with maximal effect at 10-8 mol/L at 3 hours for mRNA expression,24 hours for protein expression in the cells,and 12 hours for protein secretion from the cells.Furthermore,the UII effects were significantly inhibited by treatment with its receptor antagonist SB710411,Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632,protein kinase C （PKC） inhibitor H7,mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor PD98059,calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A,and the Ca2＋channel blocker nicardipine.Conclusion UII may stimulate MCP-1 expression in rat aortic adventitial fibroblasts through its receptor and Rho kinase,PKC,mitogen-activated protein kinase,calcineurin and Ca2＋ channel signal transduction,thus contributing to adventitial inflammation.

Angiotensin Ⅱ induced upregulation of Gαq/11,phospholipase Cβ_3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 via angiotensin Ⅱtype 1 receptor

Background The role of the Gαq/11-mediated signal transduction pathway in angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) induced cardiac hypertrophy remains unclear. This study was to investigate the role of the Gαq/11 signal transduction pathway in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in 2K1C hypertensive rats and in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) and to elucidate the effects of the pathway on Ang Ⅱ induced cardiac hypertrophy. Methods Renal hypertension was induced in 2K1C hypertensive rats by placing a silver clip around the left renal artery. At 8 weeks after operation,the systolic blood pressure,the ratio of left ventricular weight to body weight (LV/BW),and the concentration of AngⅡ in the heart were measured. The protein levels of Gαq/11 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) were assayed by Western blot analysis,and the activity of phospholipase C (PLC) in the myocardium was detected using [ 3H]-PIP_2 as a substrate. Changes in [ 3H]-leucine incorporation and in the protein levels of the signal molecules Gαq/11,PLCβ_3,and ERK1/2 were measured after NRVMs were stimulated with 10 -7 mol/L AngⅡ. Results The protein levels of Gαq/11 and ERK1/2 in the hearts of 2K1C rats increased by 35.8% and 31.9%,respectively,compared with the sham group. The PLC activity in the 2K1C group was also significantly increased ( P <0.05). The levels of Gαq/11,PLCβ_3,and ERK1/2 increased significantly after NRVMs were stimulated by AngⅡ. The upregulation of Gαq/11,PLCβ_3 and ERK1/2 in NRVMs occurred prior to [ 3H]-leucine incorporation increases,and could be inhibited with losartan. Conclusion AngⅡ can initiate cardiac hypertrophy and upregulate signal molecules in the Gαq/11-mediated signal transduction pathway,such as Gαq/11,PLCβ_3 and ERK1/2,at both tissue and cellular levels.

缺锌对大鼠脑肌醇磷脂信号转导系统的影响

目的 探讨缺锌对大鼠脑肌醇磷脂信号转导系统的影响。方法 2 4只 Wistar大鼠 ,雌雄各半 ,按体重随机分为 A(缺锌组 ) ,B(自由进食组 ) ,C(配对饲养组 )三组 ,每组 8只 ,实验期 40天 ,测定脑锌和血锌含量 ,并观察缺锌对大鼠脑组织内磷脂酶 C(PLC)活性 ,蛋白激酶 C(PKC)活性 ,钙调蛋白 (Ca M)含量 ,及钙依赖性蛋白激酶 (Ca MK )活性的影响。结果 A组大鼠血清和脑锌含量明显降低 ,同时 A组大鼠大脑皮层和海马中 PLC,PKC,Ca MK 活性亦明显低于 B组和 C组。A组大鼠脑组织 Ca M含量明显低于 B组 ,与 C组无显著性差异。

JNK信号通路介导ghrelin对乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞耐药蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨ghrelin调控c-Jun氨基末端激酶(c-Jun N-terminal kinase,JNK)信号转导通路对乳腺癌细胞P-糖蛋白表达的影响。方法培养人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞,分别加入生长激素释放肽(ghrelin,100 nmol/L,干预72小时)、多柔比星(0.8 mg/L,干预72小时)、ghrelin联合多柔比星(ghrelin 100 nmol/L,多柔比星0.8 mg/L,干预72小时)。采用MTT方法检测细胞增殖,Western blot法检测细胞JNK、P-糖蛋白(P-glycoprotein,P-gp)的表达及p-JNK水平。结果 MTT检测显示,人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞在ghrelin的干预下增殖(P<0.01),存活率在多柔比星的干预下降低(P<0.01),ghrelin联合多柔比星能够抑制多柔比星对MDA-MB-231细胞的杀伤作用(P<0.01)。ghrelin组JNK表达及p-JNK水平上升(均P<0.01),且P-gp蛋白表达上升(P<0.05);多柔比星组JNK表达及p-JNK水平下降(均P<0.01);ghrelin联合多柔比星较多柔比星组JNK表达及p-JNK水平增加,且P-gp表达明显上升(均P<0.05)。结论 ghrelin激活JNK信号通路干预乳腺癌细胞P-gp表达增加从而抑制多柔比星诱导乳腺癌细胞凋亡。

神经肽P物质对高氧暴露下Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞的影响及其与细胞外信号调节激酶信号转导通路关系研究

目的探讨感觉神经肽P物质(SP)对高氧暴露下Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞(AECⅡ)的影响及其与细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)信号转导机制的关系。方法分离纯化原代早产鼠AECⅡ,随机分为空气暴露组、高氧暴露组、SP干预空气暴露组、SP干预高氧暴露组,空气暴露组氧体积分数为0.21(21%),高氧暴露组氧体积分数为0.95(95%),SP干预组于暴露前加入SP1×10-6mol/L,在置于氧体积分数为0.21(21%)和0.95(95%)中各组分别暴露12、24和48h,电镜观察AECⅡ的形态变化;MTT法及流式细胞仪测定其增殖率和凋亡率;蛋白质免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测磷酸化ERK的动态变化。结果与空气暴露组比较,高氧组暴露12、24、48h后AECⅡ增殖率明显降低,凋亡率明显增加,而SP干预后其增殖率明显增加,凋亡率明显下降,形态学的损伤也有明显的改善。高氧刺激可导致ERK的磷酸化激活,磷酸化ERK在高氧损伤的AECⅡ表达明显增加,SP干预后,磷酸化ERK表达更明显。结论SP可促进高氧暴露AECⅡ的增殖并抑制其凋亡,其通过促进ERK信号激活对氧化应激状态下的AECⅡ细胞可起到保护作用。

脓毒血症大鼠肾脏Gq/11蛋白的动态变化

目的 :探讨脓毒血症时大鼠肾脏 Gq/ 11蛋白的变化。方法 :采用盲肠结扎穿孔法复制大鼠腹膜炎脓毒血症模型 ,免疫印迹法测定大鼠肾脏 Gq/ 11蛋白的含量。结果:早期脓毒血症时肾脏 Gq/ 11蛋白的含量无明显变化。晚期脓毒血症时肾脏 Gq/ 11的含量与假手术组比较有升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。 结论:大鼠 Gq/

Efficacy of needling acupoints of Guanyuan(CV4), Sanyinjiao(SP6), Zusanli(ST36), Pishu(BL20), Shenshu(BL23), Zigong(EX-CA1) on expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in ovarian tissue in rats with premature ovarian failure induced by cyclophosp

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy of needling acupoins of Guanyuan(CV4),Sanyinjiao(SP6),Zusanli(ST36),Pishu(BL20),Shenshu(BL23),Zigong(EX-CA1)on the expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38MAPK)in ovarian tissue in rats with premature ovarian failure induced by cyclophosphamide,and to study the underlying mechanism.METHODS:Forty specific pathogen free female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the blank group,the model group,the acupuncture group,the Western Medicine group and the Western Medicine combined with acupuncture group.Except the blank group,the rest of the rats were given with cyclophosphamide for 14 d to establish premature ovarian failure model.No intervention was conducted in the blank group and model group;the acupuncture group was given with acupuncture daily;the Western Medicine group was given with estradiol valerate(0.09 mg/kg)by intragastrical gavage daily;the combination group was given with acupuncture combined with estradiol valerate(0.09 mg/kg)daily.Each group was intervened in continuously for 14 d.After the last treatment,the levels of estradiol(E2),follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)and luteinizing hormone(LH)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,then the ovarian tissue was dissected.Western blot was used to detect the expression of p38 MAPK protein.RESULTS:Compared with the blank group,E2 in the serum of rats in the model group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),FSH and LH were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the expression of p38 MAPK protein in the ovarian tissue of the rats was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,E2 in the serum of the acupuncture group,Western Medicine group and the combination group were significantly increased(P<0.05),FSH and LH levels were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the expression of p38MAPK protein in the ovarian tissue of the rats was significantly decreased(P<0.05).However,there was no statistically significant difference between the Western Medicine group and the acupuncture group(P>0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Acupuncture has the same effect as estrogen in interfering POF caused by cyclophosphamide,and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the expression of p38MAPK protein in ovarian tissue and affecting the activation of p38MAPK signaling pathway.

Involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in the regulation of platelet-derived growth factor -induced cell migration

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)in cell migration induced by platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF).Western blot was performed to detect the phosphorylation of p38 in NIH3T3 cells treated with PDGF.A Transwell cell migration system was used to determine the effects of PDGF treatment on the migration of NIH3T3 cells and the influence of p38 deficiency on this process in a p38 gene knockout(p38^(−/−))mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line.On the stimulation of PDGF,the migration of NIH3T3 cells was significantly increased(P<0.001)compared to the control and p38 MAP kinase was simultaneously phosphorylated.Furthermore,the PDGF-induced cell migration was significantly blocked in p38 gene knockout(p38^(−/−))mouse embryonic fibroblasts(MEFs)(P<0.001)as compared with the wild type cells(p38+/+).p38 MAPK plays an important role in the regulation of cell migration induced by PDGF.

Effect of electroacupuncture on inflammatory signal expression in local tissues of rats with chronic pelvic pain syndrome based on purinergic 2X7 receptor/NOD-like receptor pyrin domaincontaining 3 signal pathway

OBJECTIVES: To study the expression of inflammatory signal in local prostate tissue of chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CPPS) rats by electroacupuncture(EA) of Guanyuan(CV4), Zhongji(CV3), Huiyang(BL35) and Sanyinjiao(SP6), and to explore the possible mechanism of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of EA. METHODS : A total of 36 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, model and EA(n=12 rats/group). The CPPS model was made by injection of CFA into ventral lobes of the prostate(0.1 m L). Electric acupuncture apparatus was applied to stimulate Guanyuan(CV4), Zhongji(CV3), bilateral Huiyang(BL35) and Sanyinjiao(SP6) acupoints in EA group. The general condition of rats was observed and the prostate index(PI) was calculated. The thermal pain threshold was collected after each therapeutic course. Histopathological changes of the prostate tissue were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining method. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and prostaglandin E2(PGE2) in prostatic homogenates were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Moreover, the expression levels of purinergic 2X7 receptor(P2X7R), NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3(NLRP3), caspase-1 and interleukin-18(IL-18) m RNA were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the PI of rats increased, and the thermal pain threshold decreased significantly in model group. The morphological structure of prostate tissues of rats in model group was severely damaged with a large number of inflammatory cells infiltration. Additionally, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and PGE2 were higher, and the expressions of P2X7R, NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-18 m RNA were higher than those in control group. After EA treatment, the PI was significantly decreased, the thermal pain threshold was significantly increased, and the tissue damage was significantly improved. The expressions of inflammatory cytokines were lower in EA group, and expression of P2X7R/NLRP3 pathway was down-regulated. CONCLUSION: The effect of EA at Guanyuan(CV4), Zhongji(CV3), Huiyang(BL35) and Sanyinjiao(SP6) can improve inflammation and pain symptoms of CPPS rats induced by Complete Freund’s adjuvant(CFA). This suggests that EA at Guanyuan(CV4), Zhongji(CV3), Huiyang(BL35) and Sanyinjiao(SP6) can produce antiinflammatory analgesia effect by preventing the activation of P2X7R/NLRP3 signal pathway, inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines in CPPS rats, which may provide a putative novel target for the treatment of CPPS.

神经肽P物质促进骨髓基质干细胞表达骨形态发生蛋白-2及Wnt通路相关机制的探讨

目的探讨神经肽P物质（SP）调控骨髓基质干细胞（BMSCs）表达骨形态发生蛋白-2（BMP-2）的时间、浓度效应及其与Wnt信号转导通路的关系。方法取SD大鼠第3代BMSCs，根据加入不同浓度SP将其分为4组（n=3）：对照组、10^-8mol／LSP组、10^-10mol／LSP组、10“。mol／LSP组，于培养7、14、21d应用Western blot法检测BMP-2、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）蛋白表达量。选择SP的最佳浓度，根据加入刺激物不同分为3组（n=3）：对照组、SP组、SP＋抑制因子1（DKK1）组，应用Western blot法检测BMP-2、β-链蛋白的表达量。结果培养14d，10^-8mol／LSP组、10^-10mol／LSP组AIJP蛋白的表达量平均分别为1．428±0．166、1．742±0．221，10^-8mol／LSP组、10^-10mol／LSP组、10^-12mol／LSP组BMP-2蛋白的表达量平均分别为1．801±0．239、4．070±0．297、1．943±0．196；培养21d，10^-10mol／LSP组、10—12mol／LSP组BMP-2蛋白的表达量平均分别为2．960±0．324、2．652±0．265，均显著高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。SP的最佳浓度为10^-10mol／L。培养7、14、21d，SP组BMP-2蛋白表达量平均分别为4．300±0．297、2．290±0．175、3．160±0．234，显著高于对照组及SP＋DKK1组，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。培养14、21d，SP组β-链蛋白表达量平均分别为1．553±0．210、1．471±0．170，显著高于对照组及SP＋DKK1组，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论SP可以促进BMP-2蛋白的表达，且具有时间及浓度的特异性，SP促进BMP-2的表达可能与Wnt通路有关。