Preparation of lead-free free-cutting graphite brasses by graphitization of cementite

Graphite brasses were prepared by graphitizing annealing of cast brasses containing cementite particles,which were in-situ formed during the fasting process.The eutectic cast iron as carbon source was added into common brasses by casting.SEM and EDS were used to analyze the microstructure of graphite brasses,and the relationship between the microstructure and machinability was investigated.The results show that graphite particles are formed by the decomposition of cementite particles in cast brasses.The graphite particles are uniformly dispersed in the brass matrix with the average size of 5.0 μm and the volume fraction of ~1.1%.The machinability in the graphite brass is dramatically increased relative to the common brass,because of the lubricating properties of graphite particles and its role in chip breaking.The workpiece surface of the graphite brasses chips is smooth and burr-free,and the chips of graphite brasses are short（C-shape） and discontinuous,which is much better than that of the long spiral chips of common brasses.

无铅磷钙黄铜的组织与性能

通过熔铸方法,于中频感应炉中制备无铅磷钙黄铜铸锭,利用扫描电镜、电子能谱仪、电子万能试验机及卧式车床等手段,研究磷钙黄铜合金的显微组织和力学、切削及耐脱锌腐蚀性能,并结合切屑的形貌观察,分析金属间化合物对切削性能的改善作用。结果表明：磷、钙显著改变了黄铜的组织与性能,使得磷钙黄铜的组织由α相、β相和分布在晶界上及晶粒内的金属间化合物颗粒组成;无铅磷钙黄铜合金的主要成分（质量分数）为57%~60%Cu、40%Zn、0.7%P、0.5%Ca时,合金显示出优良的综合性能,其抗拉强度为362.7 MPa,伸长率为15.0%,布氏硬度为105.0HB,耐脱锌腐蚀深度为321.9μm,切削性能与铅黄铜HPb59-1相当。

磷钙无铅黄铜及其切削变形机理

为取代铅,减轻对环境的污染,采用磷和钙共同替代铅,获得了综合性能优良的磷钙无铅黄铜铸锭.为研究磷钙无铅黄铜的切削变形机理,采用卧式车床进行了切削实验,通过扫描电镜及能谱仪对切屑组织进行研究,并结合Griffith脆性断裂理论和切削力学计算,对切屑变形过程进行了分析.结果表明:磷钙无铅黄铜切削性能优良,切屑的尺寸和形貌与HPb59-1相当;沿晶界弥散分布的金属间化合物,割断了基体组织的连续性,切削时在剪切力的作用下,金属间化合物颗粒经变形后发生断裂或脱落,甚至在切削热的作用下部分熔化,引发基体产生应力集中,萌生裂纹并致使扩展,导致刀具前面剪切区剪切带的周期形成,并向自由表面扩展成层片结构,造成切屑断裂,从而提高了磷钙无铅黄铜的切削性能;磷钙无铅黄铜的综合性能优良,其替代含铅黄铜,具有可行性.

无铅易切削黄铜的研究进展

随着世界各国对铅造成的污染和危害的重视,含铅黄铜的使用受到越来越多的限制,开发低成本无铅易切削黄铜迫在眉睫。本文根据无铅黄铜第三组元的选择特性,从组织结构、易切削机理、加工工艺、耐腐蚀性能四个方面综述了国内外无铅易切削黄铜合金的研究现状,并详细分析了铋、锑的凝固行为对合金显微组织和性能的影响,重点介绍了无铅易切削钙磷黄铜合金的微观组织、能谱分析结果、力学性能和切削性能,提出了当前工作中存在的问题,并对今后的研究趋势进行了展望,期待能够在无铅易切削黄铜的研究及实际应用中起到一定的指导作用。

镁对磷钙无铅黄铜组织和性能的影响

研究了0.3%～0.9%的Mg对P-Ca黄铜显微组织、力学性能和切削性能的影响。通过对显微组织的观察、力学性能和切削性能的检测发现,Mg的加入抑制了P-Ca黄铜组织中片状金属间化合物的出现,使合金的切削性能得到了很好地改善,而硬度和强度没有明显的变化,伸长率明显提高。但是当Mg含量超过0.6%,合金的伸长率反而会急剧下降。含有0.9%的P和0.2%的Ca的P-Ca黄铜中,添加了0.6%的Mg,可使P-Ca黄铜合金力学性能良好,切削性能与铅黄铜接近。